农机部件数字化设计软件平台AgriDEM开发
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摘要
为解决农机产品开发周期长、工作量大和成本高等问题,研制了集设计和性能分析评价为一体的农机部件数字化设计软件平台AgriDEM(agricultural discrete element method)。该平台通过将CAD软件与自主研发的基于DEM-CFD-MBK(discrete element method,computational fluid dynamics,multi-body kinematics)耦合的分析软件集成,可在设计阶段由农机部件的CAD模型(CAD软件设计图),进行农机部件工作过程的动态仿真和工作性能的分析评价,由此实现农机部件结构方案和尺寸参数的优化。该文详细介绍了该平台的架构和关键技术实现方法,包括农机部件分析模型的建模方法、颗粒的建模方法、基于OpenMP的并行计算方法、基于DLL的模块封装及原型系统开发等,最后通过一个实例验证了该平台的可行性和有效性,可为农机部件的优化设计和数字化设计提供参考。
The traditional way to develop agricultural machinery parts, in which the test of feasibility of agricultural machinery parts is confirmed by manufacturing prototype machinery, is unable to meet the needs of agricultural production due to its shortcomings such as the long development cycle, the heavy workload and the low efficiency. Therefore, it's necessary to design and implement a digital design platform that combines mechanical analysis with computer simulation technology, and the design effect of agricultural machinery parts can be tested by using this platform instead of manufacturing prototype machinery. Therefore, a digital design software platform for agricultural machinery components i.e. AgriD EM(agricultural discrete element method) was designed and implemented through integrating CAD(computer aided design) with a self-developed analysis software based on the coupling of DEM-CFD-MBK(discrete element method, computational fluid dynamics, multi-body kinematics). The AgriD EM had 4 modules, i.e. boundary modeling, particle modeling, calculation, and visualization and analysis. Boundary modeling module could transform a CAD software design of agricultural machinery into an analysis model that could participate DEM calculation and DEM-CFD-MBK coupling calculation by the secondary development of CAD software or the read of the STL(standard template library) file. Particle modeling module was a software that could establish three-dimensional(3D) spherical particle models, 3D non-spherical particle models, 3D corn grain models, 3D soybean grain models, 3D wheat plant models, and so on. Non-spherical particle were filled with spherical particle. Calculation module was a software that could calculate the working process of agricultural machinery including the fluid process of particles and the contact conditions between the particles, separately with DEM or with the coupling of DEM-CFD-MBK. Visualization and analysis module was a software that could make calculation result visualized and analyze the performance of agricultural machinery. These 4 parts were coupled together by database or data file. During the development of the AgriD EM, C++ language was used to write code, and VS2010+MFC was chosen as the development platform. This platform could simulate, analyze and evaluate the working performance and working process of agricultural machinery in the design stage; by changing the CAD model of agricultural machinery parts, the working process with different principle, different structures and sizes of components and the work performance were evaluated and analyzed, so as to realize the optimization of agricultural machinery parts' structure and size parameters. The architecture of this platform was described in detail in this paper, and the implementation methods of the key technologies were introduced, including the modeling method of the boundaries model, the modeling method of the particles, the parallel computing method based on OpenMP, the module encapsulation method based on DLL(dynamic link library), and the development method of prototype system. Finally, the feasibility and the effectiveness of this platform were confirmed through testing instances. The new method in this study can provide the reference for the optimization design and digital design of agricultural machinery parts.
The traditional way to develop agricultural machinery parts, in which the test of feasibility of agricultural machinery parts is confirmed by manufacturing prototype machinery, is unable to meet the needs of agricultural production due to its shortcomings such as the long development cycle, the heavy workload and the low efficiency. Therefore, it's necessary to design and implement a digital design platform that combines mechanical analysis with computer simulation technology, and the design effect of agricultural machinery parts can be tested by using this platform instead of manufacturing prototype machinery. Therefore, a digital design software platform for agricultural machinery components i.e. AgriD EM(agricultural discrete element method) was designed and implemented through integrating CAD(computer aided design) with a self-developed analysis software based on the coupling of DEM-CFD-MBK(discrete element method, computational fluid dynamics, multi-body kinematics). The AgriD EM had 4 modules, i.e. boundary modeling, particle modeling, calculation, and visualization and analysis. Boundary modeling module could transform a CAD software design of agricultural machinery into an analysis model that could participate DEM calculation and DEM-CFD-MBK coupling calculation by the secondary development of CAD software or the read of the STL(standard template library) file. Particle modeling module was a software that could establish three-dimensional(3D) spherical particle models, 3D non-spherical particle models, 3D corn grain models, 3D soybean grain models, 3D wheat plant models, and so on. Non-spherical particle were filled with spherical particle. Calculation module was a software that could calculate the working process of agricultural machinery including the fluid process of particles and the contact conditions between the particles, separately with DEM or with the coupling of DEM-CFD-MBK. Visualization and analysis module was a software that could make calculation result visualized and analyze the performance of agricultural machinery. These 4 parts were coupled together by database or data file. During the development of the AgriD EM, C++ language was used to write code, and VS2010+MFC was chosen as the development platform. This platform could simulate, analyze and evaluate the working performance and working process of agricultural machinery in the design stage; by changing the CAD model of agricultural machinery parts, the working process with different principle, different structures and sizes of components and the work performance were evaluated and analyzed, so as to realize the optimization of agricultural machinery parts' structure and size parameters. The architecture of this platform was described in detail in this paper, and the implementation methods of the key technologies were introduced, including the modeling method of the boundaries model, the modeling method of the particles, the parallel computing method based on OpenMP, the module encapsulation method based on DLL(dynamic link library), and the development method of prototype system. Finally, the feasibility and the effectiveness of this platform were confirmed through testing instances. The new method in this study can provide the reference for the optimization design and digital design of agricultural machinery parts.
引文
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[8]洪嘉振.计算多体系统动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[9]付宏,管秋月,王扬,等.基于DEM和MBK耦合的CAE软件研制[J].计算机工程与设计,2015,36(3):747-752.Fu Hong,Guan Qiuyue,Wang Yang,et al.Development of CAE software based on coupling DEM with MBK[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2015,36(3):747-752.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]党丽娜.非球颗粒的离散元法基本理论和算法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.Dang Lina.Research of Theory and Algorithm for Non-spherical Particles in 3D DEM[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Zhong Wenqi,Yu Aibing,Liu Xuejiao,et al.DEM/CFD-DEM modelling of non-spherical particulate systems:Theoretical developments and applications[J].Powder Technology,2016,302:108-152.
[12]王雪娇.非球颗粒建模方法改进和输送机工作过程分析软件研制[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.Wang Xuejiao.Improved Modeling of Non-Spherical Particles And Conveyors Work Process Analysis Software Development[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]LüFengyan,Wang Xiaomei,Zhang Maojian,et al.Determination and analysis for parameters of shape,size,physical and mechanical properties of soybean grains[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Discrete Element Methods,Springer Proceedings in Physics 188,2017:1277-1286.
[14]Wang Xiaomei,Yu Jianqun,LüFengyan,et al.A multi-sphere based modelling method for maize grain assemblies[J].Advanced Powder Technology,2017,28(2):584-595.
[15]于亚军,周海玲,付宏,等.基于颗粒聚合体的玉米果穗建模方法[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):167-174.Yu Yajun,Zhou Hailing,Fu Hong,et al.Modeling method of corn ears based on particles agglomerate[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(8):167-174.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Hong Fu,Jinghan Yang,Rui Xue,et al.Research on a wheat plant modeling method[C]//2nd International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies,Technologies and Applications(SMTA),Paris,FRANCE,2015:425-429.
[17]Ferellec J F,Mc Dowell G R.A method to model realistic particle shape and inertia in DEM[J].Granular Matter,2010,12:459-467.
[18]于建群,付宏,李红,等.离散元法及其在农业机械工作部件研究与设计中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(5):1-6.Yu Jianqun,Fu Hong,Li Hong,et al.Application of discrete element method to research and design of working parts of agricultural machines[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2005,21(5):1-6.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]付宏,吕游,金鑫禹,等.基于DEM-CFD耦合的新型CAE软件系统设计[J].吉林大学学报:理学版,2014,52(2):285-290.Fu Hong,LüYou,Jin Xingyu,et al.Design of a new cae software based on coupling DEM and CFD[J].Journal of Jilin University:Science Edition,2014,52(2):285-290.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]杨晶涵.三维离散元法仿真分析软件可视化模块的改进研究及功能添加[D].长春:吉林大学,2016.Yang Jingghan.Improvement Research and Functional Addition On The Visualization Module of the 3D DEMBased Simulation Analysis Software[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]姜耀国.基于并行技术的离散元法仿真软件研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.Jiang Yaoguo.Research of Discrete Element Method Simulation Software based on Parallel Technology[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2011.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]金鑫禹.基于区域分解法的CFD-DEM耦合软件改进[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.Jin Xinyu.The Improvement of Coupling Software of CFD-DEM Based on the Domain Decomposition Method[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]管秋月.基于DEM与MBK耦合的CAE软件改进研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.Guan Qiuyue.Improvement Research of the Software Based on DEM and MBK Coupling[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]孙迎春.基于CFD-DEM耦合的三维仿真软件改进研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.Sun Yingchun.Improvement Research of Three Dimensional Simulation Software Based on the Coupled CFD-DEM[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]陈晓霞.三维离散元法玉米果穗脱粒过程仿真软件的改进研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.Chen Xiaoxia.Improvement Research of Corn Ears Threshing Process Simulation Software Based on 3DDEM[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]王刚.基于高阶离散格式的CFD与DEM耦合方法及其应用[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.Wang Gang.The Coupled CFD-DEM Method Based on High-Order Discretization Schemes and its Application[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]心男.基于EDEM-FLUENT耦合的气吹式排种器工作过程仿真分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.Xin Nan.Simulation Analysis of Working Process of Air-Blowing Seed-Metering Device Based on Coupled EDEM-FLUENT[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Wang Yang,Yu Jianqun,Yu Yajun,et al.Numerical simulation of the particular flow on an agricultural screen with a complex motion based on the coupling model of PMBK with DEM[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Discrete Element Methods,Springer Proceedings in Physics 188,2017:687-695.
[29]Yu Yajun,Fu Hong,Yu Jianqun.DEM-based simulation of the corn threshing process[J].Advanced Powder Technology,2015,26(5):1400-1409.
[30]Zhengquan Li,Jianqun Yu,Zhanrong Feng,et al.Simulation and performance analysis of a soybean seed metering device using discrete element method[J].Sensor Letters,2013,11(6/7):1217-1222.
[31]Li Qinglong,Yu Jiyang,Zhang Qiangqiang,et al.Simulation analysis of the working process of the corn seed metering device with combination inner-cell[C]//2nd International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering(ADME 2012),2012,Taiyuan,China.
[32]LüHao,Yu Jianqun,Fu Hong.Simulation of the operation of a fertilizer spreader based on an outer groove wheel using a discrete element method[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2013,58(3):842-851.
[2]Boac J M,Kingsly A R P,Casada M E,et al.Applications of discrete element method in modeling of grain postharvest operations[J].Food Engineering Reviews,2014,6(4):128-149.
[3]Kremmer M,Favier J F.A method for representing boundaries in discrete element modelling-part I:Geometry and contact detection[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2001,51(12):1407-1421.
[4]Kremmer M,Favier J F.A method for representing boundaries in discrete element modelling-part II:Kinematics[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2001,51(12):1423-1436.
[5]付宏,商慧,于建群.三维离散元法软件开发研究[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2005,35(增刊):342-345.Fu Hong,Shang Hui,Yu Jianqun.Development and research of three dimension DEM software[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science&Technology:Nature Science Edition,2005,35(Supp.):342-345.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]付宏,乌兰,黄万风,等.基于图元的三维离散元法边界建模方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2008,14(2):2328-2333.Fu Hong,Wu Lan,Huang Wanfeng,et al.Method for modeling boundaries based on the graphic elements in the three-dimensional DEM[J].Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems,2008,14(2):2328-2333.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]付宏,吕游,徐静,等.非规则曲面的离散元法分析模型建模软件研制[J].吉林大学学报:信息科学版,2012,30(1):23-29.Fu Hong,LüYou,Xu Jing,et al.Development of software for establishing analytical model of irregular surfaces in discrete element method[J].Journal of Jilin University:Information Science Edition,2012,30(1):23-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]洪嘉振.计算多体系统动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[9]付宏,管秋月,王扬,等.基于DEM和MBK耦合的CAE软件研制[J].计算机工程与设计,2015,36(3):747-752.Fu Hong,Guan Qiuyue,Wang Yang,et al.Development of CAE software based on coupling DEM with MBK[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2015,36(3):747-752.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]党丽娜.非球颗粒的离散元法基本理论和算法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.Dang Lina.Research of Theory and Algorithm for Non-spherical Particles in 3D DEM[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]Zhong Wenqi,Yu Aibing,Liu Xuejiao,et al.DEM/CFD-DEM modelling of non-spherical particulate systems:Theoretical developments and applications[J].Powder Technology,2016,302:108-152.
[12]王雪娇.非球颗粒建模方法改进和输送机工作过程分析软件研制[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.Wang Xuejiao.Improved Modeling of Non-Spherical Particles And Conveyors Work Process Analysis Software Development[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]LüFengyan,Wang Xiaomei,Zhang Maojian,et al.Determination and analysis for parameters of shape,size,physical and mechanical properties of soybean grains[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Discrete Element Methods,Springer Proceedings in Physics 188,2017:1277-1286.
[14]Wang Xiaomei,Yu Jianqun,LüFengyan,et al.A multi-sphere based modelling method for maize grain assemblies[J].Advanced Powder Technology,2017,28(2):584-595.
[15]于亚军,周海玲,付宏,等.基于颗粒聚合体的玉米果穗建模方法[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):167-174.Yu Yajun,Zhou Hailing,Fu Hong,et al.Modeling method of corn ears based on particles agglomerate[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(8):167-174.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]Hong Fu,Jinghan Yang,Rui Xue,et al.Research on a wheat plant modeling method[C]//2nd International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies,Technologies and Applications(SMTA),Paris,FRANCE,2015:425-429.
[17]Ferellec J F,Mc Dowell G R.A method to model realistic particle shape and inertia in DEM[J].Granular Matter,2010,12:459-467.
[18]于建群,付宏,李红,等.离散元法及其在农业机械工作部件研究与设计中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(5):1-6.Yu Jianqun,Fu Hong,Li Hong,et al.Application of discrete element method to research and design of working parts of agricultural machines[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2005,21(5):1-6.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]付宏,吕游,金鑫禹,等.基于DEM-CFD耦合的新型CAE软件系统设计[J].吉林大学学报:理学版,2014,52(2):285-290.Fu Hong,LüYou,Jin Xingyu,et al.Design of a new cae software based on coupling DEM and CFD[J].Journal of Jilin University:Science Edition,2014,52(2):285-290.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]杨晶涵.三维离散元法仿真分析软件可视化模块的改进研究及功能添加[D].长春:吉林大学,2016.Yang Jingghan.Improvement Research and Functional Addition On The Visualization Module of the 3D DEMBased Simulation Analysis Software[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]姜耀国.基于并行技术的离散元法仿真软件研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.Jiang Yaoguo.Research of Discrete Element Method Simulation Software based on Parallel Technology[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2011.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]金鑫禹.基于区域分解法的CFD-DEM耦合软件改进[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.Jin Xinyu.The Improvement of Coupling Software of CFD-DEM Based on the Domain Decomposition Method[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]管秋月.基于DEM与MBK耦合的CAE软件改进研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.Guan Qiuyue.Improvement Research of the Software Based on DEM and MBK Coupling[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]孙迎春.基于CFD-DEM耦合的三维仿真软件改进研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.Sun Yingchun.Improvement Research of Three Dimensional Simulation Software Based on the Coupled CFD-DEM[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]陈晓霞.三维离散元法玉米果穗脱粒过程仿真软件的改进研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.Chen Xiaoxia.Improvement Research of Corn Ears Threshing Process Simulation Software Based on 3DDEM[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]王刚.基于高阶离散格式的CFD与DEM耦合方法及其应用[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.Wang Gang.The Coupled CFD-DEM Method Based on High-Order Discretization Schemes and its Application[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]心男.基于EDEM-FLUENT耦合的气吹式排种器工作过程仿真分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.Xin Nan.Simulation Analysis of Working Process of Air-Blowing Seed-Metering Device Based on Coupled EDEM-FLUENT[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Wang Yang,Yu Jianqun,Yu Yajun,et al.Numerical simulation of the particular flow on an agricultural screen with a complex motion based on the coupling model of PMBK with DEM[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Discrete Element Methods,Springer Proceedings in Physics 188,2017:687-695.
[29]Yu Yajun,Fu Hong,Yu Jianqun.DEM-based simulation of the corn threshing process[J].Advanced Powder Technology,2015,26(5):1400-1409.
[30]Zhengquan Li,Jianqun Yu,Zhanrong Feng,et al.Simulation and performance analysis of a soybean seed metering device using discrete element method[J].Sensor Letters,2013,11(6/7):1217-1222.
[31]Li Qinglong,Yu Jiyang,Zhang Qiangqiang,et al.Simulation analysis of the working process of the corn seed metering device with combination inner-cell[C]//2nd International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering(ADME 2012),2012,Taiyuan,China.
[32]LüHao,Yu Jianqun,Fu Hong.Simulation of the operation of a fertilizer spreader based on an outer groove wheel using a discrete element method[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2013,58(3):842-851.