荷兰世界一流大学学科发展布局与特征研究——基于13所荷兰高校的案例研究
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摘要
世界一流大学的重要标志就是拥有若干个世界一流学科,一流学科建设往往又离不开科学合理的学科布局和学科发展模式。以荷兰13所世界一流大学为研究对象,分别从学科规模和布局、学科建设水平与学科发展模式等方面出发,剖析荷兰世界一流大学的学科发展特征,研究表明,荷兰世界一流大学的学科建设主要有四个方面的特征:一是突破现有学科边界,重视学科的交叉融合;二是强调学科的实践价值,服务国家和地区战略发展需求;三是着力加强产学研结合,科技创新能力突出;四是重视国际化发展战略,国际化水平很高。通过对荷兰世界一流大学学科建设的分析,得出对我国世界一流大学学科建设的三点启示:一是建设世界一流大学应根据自身的学科发展条件和特点布局学科建设,不能片面追求大而全;二是世界一流大学的学科建设要考虑历史继承性,不能盲目地追赶潮流;三是服务国家战略需求和人类文明的进步发展是世界一流大学学科建设的重要战略。
One significant symbol of the world's top universities is the possession of a number of world-class disciplines, which demands scientific and rational disciplinary layout and discipline development model. Taking the 13 world's top universities in the Netherlands as the subjects, this paper analyzes the characteristics of disciplinary development of these universities, The study finds the following four distinctive features, including the disciplinary size and layout,discipline construction level, and disciplinary development model. Firstly, discipline construction breaks through the existing discipline boundaries and attaches importance to the integration of different disciplines. Secondly, discipline construction emphasizes the practical value of the disciplines and serves the strategic development needs of the country and the region.Thirdly, discipline construction calls for emphasis on the combination of production, study and research, and the outstanding ability of scientific and technological innovation. Fourthly, discipline construction attaches importance to the international development strategy and high level of internationalization. Through the analysis of the discipline construction of world's top universities in the Netherlands, we can draw three implications for the construction of world's top universities in China. First,the construction of world's top universities should be based on the conditions and characteristics of their own disciplines.Secondly, historical inheritance should be taken into consideration in the discipline construction instead of blind catching up with the trend. Thirdly, the significant strategy for the discipline construction in world's top universities is to serve the country's strategic needs and the progress of human civilization.
One significant symbol of the world's top universities is the possession of a number of world-class disciplines, which demands scientific and rational disciplinary layout and discipline development model. Taking the 13 world's top universities in the Netherlands as the subjects, this paper analyzes the characteristics of disciplinary development of these universities, The study finds the following four distinctive features, including the disciplinary size and layout,discipline construction level, and disciplinary development model. Firstly, discipline construction breaks through the existing discipline boundaries and attaches importance to the integration of different disciplines. Secondly, discipline construction emphasizes the practical value of the disciplines and serves the strategic development needs of the country and the region.Thirdly, discipline construction calls for emphasis on the combination of production, study and research, and the outstanding ability of scientific and technological innovation. Fourthly, discipline construction attaches importance to the international development strategy and high level of internationalization. Through the analysis of the discipline construction of world's top universities in the Netherlands, we can draw three implications for the construction of world's top universities in China. First,the construction of world's top universities should be based on the conditions and characteristics of their own disciplines.Secondly, historical inheritance should be taken into consideration in the discipline construction instead of blind catching up with the trend. Thirdly, the significant strategy for the discipline construction in world's top universities is to serve the country's strategic needs and the progress of human civilization.
引文
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[2]王小力,彭正霞.世界一流大学的学科布局与选择——基于2015QS世界大学学科排名的分析[J].苏州大学学报(教育科学版),2015(4).
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[4] Best Global Universities Rankings[EB/OL].[2018-11-10].https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities.
[5] esi.incites.thomsonreuters[EB/OL].[2018-11-10].http://esi.incites.thomsonreuters.com/IndicatorsAction.action
[6] Erasmus University Rotterdam Network[EB/OL].[2017-09-29].https://www.eur.nl/english/eur/background.
[7] Maastricht University Network[EB/OL].[2017-10-25].https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/about-um.
[8] Wageningen University&Research Network[EB/OL].[2017-11-20].https://www.wur.nl/en/About-Wageningen.htm.
[9] Delft University of Technology Network[EB/OL].[2017-11-28].https://www.tudelft.nl/en/about-tu-delft/towards-a-new-strategy.
[10] Tilburg University Network[EB/OL].[2017-11-23].https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/about/tilburg-university/rankings/?utm_source=topmenu&utm_medium=tm&utm_content=about-rankings&utm_campaign=topmenu_en.
[11] The University of Amsterdam Network[EB/OL].[2017-11-29].http://www.uva.nl/en/about-the-uva/uva-profile/policy-papers.
[12] The Delft University of Technology Network[EB/OL].[2017-09-29].http://www.tudelft.nl/en/research/thematic-cooperation/national-cooperation.
[13]张红生,丰蓉,魏薇.荷兰瓦赫宁根大学的成功经验及启示[J].中国农业教育,2015(1).
[14] Utrecht University Network[EB/OL].[2017-11-27].https://www.uu.nl/en/collaborate/utrecht-science-park.
[15] The Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017.[EB/OL].[2017-09-29].http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2016-2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017_FINAL.pdf
[16]泰晤士高等教育周刊:荷兰2017年最具国际化的大学[EB/OL].[2017-09-29].http://mt.sohu.com/20170204/n479865247.shtml
[17]TheUniversityofAmsterdamNetwork[EB/OL].[2017-9-29].https://public.tableau.com/views/FeitenenCijfers/Staff?:embed=y&:toolbar=no&:display_count=no&:showVizHome=no.
[18] The University of Amsterdam Network[EB/OL].[2017-09-29].http://www.uva.nl/en/about-the-uva/uva-profile/facts-and-figures/facts-and-figures.html
[19]转引自娄成武,史万兵.教育经济与管理:第2版[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[20] Erasmus University Rotterdam Network[EB/OL].[2017-11-29]. https://www.eur.nl/english/eur/areasofexpertise/
[21] The Leiden University Network[EB/OL].[2017-11-29].https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/humanities.