利用微卫星标记分析7个凡纳滨对虾引进群体子一代的遗传多样性
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摘要
为明晰中国凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)引进群体子一代的遗传多样性特征,于广东的3个对虾主产区采集7个养殖群体的种苗样品,其均为国外引进亲虾繁育的子一代。将之分别命名为TH-A1、TH-A2、THB、US-C1、US-C2、US-C3和US-C4,以微卫星标记检测其遗传多样性。结果显示,7个群体在12个位点呈现不同程度的多态性,其平均等位基因数(Na)、期望杂合度(He)、观测杂合度(Ho)和多态信息含量(PIC)分别为3.333～6.167、0.477～0.670、0.370～0.505和0.414～0.623;44个群体位点显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡,和文章中He大于Ho的结果对应。聚类分析显示7个群体共分为3支,其中TH-A1为一支,US-C1、US-C2和TH-A2为一支,其余的聚为一支。结果表明此次采集的养殖群体种苗样品存在一定的遗传差异。该结果可为后续挖掘种苗遗传背景与其养殖性能的关联性提供参考。
Microsatellite DNA markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of first filial generation of seven introduced Litopenaeus vannamei populations, named TH-A1, TH-A2, TH-B, US-C1, US-C2, US-C3 and US-C4, respectively. The results show that the seven populations had varying polymorphism at 12 microsatellite loci, with the mean allele number(Na) ranging from3.333 to 6.167. The mean values of expected(He) and observed(Ho) heterozygosity were 0.477–0.670 and 0.370–0.505, respectively.The polymorphic information content(PIC) for each population varied from 0.414 to 0.623. For Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, 44 out of 88 exhibited significant deviation(P<0.05), which corresponded with the fact that He was slightly higher than Ho. Cluster analysis shows that the seven populations were clustered into three branches(TH-A1; US-C1, US-C2 and TH-A2; the rest). It is indicated that the genetic characteristics vary in different cultured populations of L. vannamei. The results provide references for further exploration of relevance between genetic characteristics and practical performance of L. vannamei.
Microsatellite DNA markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of first filial generation of seven introduced Litopenaeus vannamei populations, named TH-A1, TH-A2, TH-B, US-C1, US-C2, US-C3 and US-C4, respectively. The results show that the seven populations had varying polymorphism at 12 microsatellite loci, with the mean allele number(Na) ranging from3.333 to 6.167. The mean values of expected(He) and observed(Ho) heterozygosity were 0.477–0.670 and 0.370–0.505, respectively.The polymorphic information content(PIC) for each population varied from 0.414 to 0.623. For Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, 44 out of 88 exhibited significant deviation(P<0.05), which corresponded with the fact that He was slightly higher than Ho. Cluster analysis shows that the seven populations were clustered into three branches(TH-A1; US-C1, US-C2 and TH-A2; the rest). It is indicated that the genetic characteristics vary in different cultured populations of L. vannamei. The results provide references for further exploration of relevance between genetic characteristics and practical performance of L. vannamei.
引文
[1]王兴强,马胜,董双林.凡纳滨对虾生物学及养殖生态学研究进展[J].海洋湖沼通报,2004(4):94-100.
[2]农业部渔业渔政管理局.2017中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:22-61.
[3]童馨,龚世圆,喻达辉,等.凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus uannanamei)不同世代养殖群体的遗传多样性分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2009, 40(2):214-220.
[4]颉晓勇,苏天凤,陈文.凡纳滨对虾6个养殖群体遗传多样性的比较分析[J].南方水产,2008, 4(6):42-49.
[5]代平,孔杰,栾生.我国凡纳滨对虾种质资源引进与分析[J].科学养鱼,2018(1):3-5.
[6]ZHANG K, WANG W J, LI W Y, et al. Analysis of genetic di-versity and differentiation of seven stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei using microsatellite markers[J]. J Ocean Univ China, 2014,13(4):647-656.
[7]马春艳,马洪雨,马凌波,等.凡纳滨对虾引进群体和2个养殖星群体遗传变异的微分卫星分析[J].海洋渔业,2011,33(1):1-8.
[8]包秀凤.凡纳滨对虾选育群体遗传多样性分析[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2014:11-26.
[9]HU X J, CAO Y C, WEN G L, et al. Effect of combined use of Bacillus and molasses on microbial communities in shrimp cultural enclosure systems[J]. Aquacult Res, 2017, 48(6):2691-2705.
[10]GARCIA D K, DHAR A K, ALCIVAR-WARREN A. Molecular analysis of a RAPD marker(B20)reveals two microsatellites and differential mRNA expression in Penaeus vannamei[J]. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol,1996, 5(1):71-83.
[11]CRUZ P, MEJIA-RUIZ C H, PEREZ-ENRIQUEZ R, et al. Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus(Litopenaeus)vannamei[J]. Mol Ecol Resour, 2002,2(3):239-241.
[12]JIA Z,SUN X,LIANG L,et al. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J]. Mol Ecol Resour, 2006, 6(4):1282-1284.
[13]MEEHAN D, XU Z, ZUNIGA G, et al. High frequency and large number of polymorphic microsatellites in cultured shrimp, Penaeus(Litopenaeus)vanname[J]. Mar Biotechnol,2003,5(4):311-330.
[14]ALCIVAR-WARREN A, MEEHAN-MEOLA D, PARK S W, et al. ShrimpMap:a low-density, microsatellite-based linkage map of the pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei:identification of sex-linked markers in linkage group 4[J]. J Shellfish Res,2007,26(4):1259-1277.
[15]ALCIVAR-WARREN A, SONG L, MEEHAN D, et al. Mapping simple sequence repeat markers identified in ESTs from a subtracted cDNA library of white spot virus-challenged shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. J Shellfish Res, 2007, 26(4):1247-1258.
[16]GARCIA D K, ALCIVAR-WARREN A. Characterization of 35new microsatellite genetic markers for the pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei:their usefulness for studying genetic diversity of wild and cultured stocks, tracing pedigree inbreeding programs, and linkage mapping[J]. J Shellfish Res,2007, 26(4):1203-1216.
[17]YEH F C, BOYLE T J B. Population genetic analysis of co-dominant and dominant markers and quantitative traits[J]. Belg J Botany, 1997, 129(2):157.
[18]NEI M. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals[J]. Genetics, 1978,89(3):583-590.
[19]NAGY S,POCZAI P,CERNAK I,et al. PICcalc:An online program to calculate polymorphic information content for molecular genetic studies[J]. Biochem Genet, 2012, 50(9/10):670-672.
[20]TAMURA K, PETERSON D, PETERSON N, et al. MEGA5:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood,evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2011, 28(10):2731-2739.
[21]孙效文,张晓锋,赵莹莹,等.水产生物微卫星标记技术研究进展及其应用[J].中国水产科学,2008, 15(4):689-703.
[22]杨铭,于洋,张晓军,等.基于转录组数据的凡纳滨对虾微卫星标记开发[J].海洋科学,2017, 41(2):96-102.
[23]YU Y, ZHANG X J, YUAN J B, et al. Genome survey and highdensity genetic map construction provide genomic and genetic resources for the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Sci Rep, 2015,5:15612.
[24]谢丽,陈国良,叶富良,等.凡纳滨对虾4个选育群体遗传多样性的SSR分析[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009, 29(4):5-9.
[25]LEBERG P L. Estimating allelic richness:effects of sample size and bottlenecks[J]. Mol Ecol, 2002, 11(11):2445-2449.
[26]CHANG Y M, LIANG L Q, MA H T, et al. Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J]. J Genet Genomics, 2008, 35(3):171-176.
[27]QUAN Y C, SUN X W, LIANG L Q. Genetic popymorphism of microsatellite DNA in two populations of nothern sheatfish(Silurus soldatovi)[J]. Acta Genet Sin, 2006, 33:908-916.
[28]孙成波,陈国良,童汉荣,等.美国4个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannmei)种群形态差异与判别分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(1):27-32.
[2]农业部渔业渔政管理局.2017中国渔业统计年鉴[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:22-61.
[3]童馨,龚世圆,喻达辉,等.凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus uannanamei)不同世代养殖群体的遗传多样性分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2009, 40(2):214-220.
[4]颉晓勇,苏天凤,陈文.凡纳滨对虾6个养殖群体遗传多样性的比较分析[J].南方水产,2008, 4(6):42-49.
[5]代平,孔杰,栾生.我国凡纳滨对虾种质资源引进与分析[J].科学养鱼,2018(1):3-5.
[6]ZHANG K, WANG W J, LI W Y, et al. Analysis of genetic di-versity and differentiation of seven stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei using microsatellite markers[J]. J Ocean Univ China, 2014,13(4):647-656.
[7]马春艳,马洪雨,马凌波,等.凡纳滨对虾引进群体和2个养殖星群体遗传变异的微分卫星分析[J].海洋渔业,2011,33(1):1-8.
[8]包秀凤.凡纳滨对虾选育群体遗传多样性分析[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2014:11-26.
[9]HU X J, CAO Y C, WEN G L, et al. Effect of combined use of Bacillus and molasses on microbial communities in shrimp cultural enclosure systems[J]. Aquacult Res, 2017, 48(6):2691-2705.
[10]GARCIA D K, DHAR A K, ALCIVAR-WARREN A. Molecular analysis of a RAPD marker(B20)reveals two microsatellites and differential mRNA expression in Penaeus vannamei[J]. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol,1996, 5(1):71-83.
[11]CRUZ P, MEJIA-RUIZ C H, PEREZ-ENRIQUEZ R, et al. Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus(Litopenaeus)vannamei[J]. Mol Ecol Resour, 2002,2(3):239-241.
[12]JIA Z,SUN X,LIANG L,et al. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J]. Mol Ecol Resour, 2006, 6(4):1282-1284.
[13]MEEHAN D, XU Z, ZUNIGA G, et al. High frequency and large number of polymorphic microsatellites in cultured shrimp, Penaeus(Litopenaeus)vanname[J]. Mar Biotechnol,2003,5(4):311-330.
[14]ALCIVAR-WARREN A, MEEHAN-MEOLA D, PARK S W, et al. ShrimpMap:a low-density, microsatellite-based linkage map of the pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei:identification of sex-linked markers in linkage group 4[J]. J Shellfish Res,2007,26(4):1259-1277.
[15]ALCIVAR-WARREN A, SONG L, MEEHAN D, et al. Mapping simple sequence repeat markers identified in ESTs from a subtracted cDNA library of white spot virus-challenged shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. J Shellfish Res, 2007, 26(4):1247-1258.
[16]GARCIA D K, ALCIVAR-WARREN A. Characterization of 35new microsatellite genetic markers for the pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei:their usefulness for studying genetic diversity of wild and cultured stocks, tracing pedigree inbreeding programs, and linkage mapping[J]. J Shellfish Res,2007, 26(4):1203-1216.
[17]YEH F C, BOYLE T J B. Population genetic analysis of co-dominant and dominant markers and quantitative traits[J]. Belg J Botany, 1997, 129(2):157.
[18]NEI M. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals[J]. Genetics, 1978,89(3):583-590.
[19]NAGY S,POCZAI P,CERNAK I,et al. PICcalc:An online program to calculate polymorphic information content for molecular genetic studies[J]. Biochem Genet, 2012, 50(9/10):670-672.
[20]TAMURA K, PETERSON D, PETERSON N, et al. MEGA5:molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood,evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2011, 28(10):2731-2739.
[21]孙效文,张晓锋,赵莹莹,等.水产生物微卫星标记技术研究进展及其应用[J].中国水产科学,2008, 15(4):689-703.
[22]杨铭,于洋,张晓军,等.基于转录组数据的凡纳滨对虾微卫星标记开发[J].海洋科学,2017, 41(2):96-102.
[23]YU Y, ZHANG X J, YUAN J B, et al. Genome survey and highdensity genetic map construction provide genomic and genetic resources for the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Sci Rep, 2015,5:15612.
[24]谢丽,陈国良,叶富良,等.凡纳滨对虾4个选育群体遗传多样性的SSR分析[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009, 29(4):5-9.
[25]LEBERG P L. Estimating allelic richness:effects of sample size and bottlenecks[J]. Mol Ecol, 2002, 11(11):2445-2449.
[26]CHANG Y M, LIANG L Q, MA H T, et al. Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)[J]. J Genet Genomics, 2008, 35(3):171-176.
[27]QUAN Y C, SUN X W, LIANG L Q. Genetic popymorphism of microsatellite DNA in two populations of nothern sheatfish(Silurus soldatovi)[J]. Acta Genet Sin, 2006, 33:908-916.
[28]孙成波,陈国良,童汉荣,等.美国4个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannmei)种群形态差异与判别分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(1):27-32.