B340LA变厚截面板变功率激光焊接试验研究
|
摘要
变厚截面材料是实现汽车轻量化的有效途径之一,但截面厚度变化的材料连接实现困难.1.2～2.0 mm厚的B340LA变厚截面板在长度和宽度方向上都存在厚度波动,并且不同厚度处的材料硬度存在最大20%的偏差.针对该材料的特性自行设计了专用焊接夹具,提出了阶跃式变功率的激光焊接方法.对比分析固定功率和阶跃式变功率两种激光焊接试验,结果表明:固定功率(900～1 400 W)条件下获得的焊缝形貌与熔透状态均在焊接方向表现出显著的差异性,且部分焊缝会出现塌陷等焊接缺陷;采用1 000 W、1 100 W和1 300 W分段功率的阶跃式变功率焊接,1.2～2.0 mm板厚方向上可得到一致的焊缝形貌和熔透状态,焊缝熔合区的硬度偏差小于9%.与固定功率激光焊接相比,阶跃式变功率激光焊接可实现B340LA变厚截面材料的有效连接.
The application of Tailor Rolled Blanks(TRB)is one of the most effective ways to achieve automobile lightening,however,it's difficult to join the materials with the variable thickness. The thickness of B340 LA TRB ranges from 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm and fluctuates in both length and width directions. And its hardness has a maxi-mal deviation of 20% at different thickness. The special welding fixture was designed based on characteristics of TRB,and step variable laser power was proposed. By a contrastive analysis of two laser welding tests,including constant laser power and step variable laser power,the results show that there are huge differences in the weld ap pearance and penetration status along the welding direction under the conditions of constant laser power(900～1 400 W),and the defect of surface depression occurs in a portion of weld. By step variable laser power with 1 000 W,1 100 W and 1 300 W,approximately consistent weld appearance and penetration status were obtained in the direction of thickness from 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm,and the hardness deviation in fusion zone of weld is less than 9%. B340 LA TRB can be joined more effectively by step variable laser power than by constant laser powers.
The application of Tailor Rolled Blanks(TRB)is one of the most effective ways to achieve automobile lightening,however,it's difficult to join the materials with the variable thickness. The thickness of B340 LA TRB ranges from 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm and fluctuates in both length and width directions. And its hardness has a maxi-mal deviation of 20% at different thickness. The special welding fixture was designed based on characteristics of TRB,and step variable laser power was proposed. By a contrastive analysis of two laser welding tests,including constant laser power and step variable laser power,the results show that there are huge differences in the weld ap pearance and penetration status along the welding direction under the conditions of constant laser power(900～1 400 W),and the defect of surface depression occurs in a portion of weld. By step variable laser power with 1 000 W,1 100 W and 1 300 W,approximately consistent weld appearance and penetration status were obtained in the direction of thickness from 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm,and the hardness deviation in fusion zone of weld is less than 9%. B340 LA TRB can be joined more effectively by step variable laser power than by constant laser powers.
引文
[1] KIM H C,WALLINGTON T J. Life-cycle energy and greenhousegas emission benefits of lightweighting in automobiles:review andharmonization[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(12):6089—6097.
[2]李永兵,李亚庭,楼铭,等.轿车车身轻量化及其对连接技术的挑战[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(18):44—54.LI Y B,LI Y T,LOU M,et al. Lightweighting of car body and itschallenges to joining technologies[J]. Journal of MechanicalEngineering,2012,48(18):44—54.(In Chinese)
[3]王艳青,李军,陈云霞,等.连续变截面薄板在汽车轻量化应用中的新进展[J].现代零部件,2013(12):43—45.WANG Y Q,LI J,CHEN Y X,et al. Continuous variable cross-section thin plate in automobile lightweight application of newprogress[J]. Modern Components,2013(12):43—45.(In Chinese)
[4]范子杰,桂良进,苏瑞意.汽车轻量化技术的研究与进展[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2014,5(1):1—16.FAN Z J,GUI L J,SU R Y,et al. Research and development ofautomotive lightweight technology[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety&Energy,2014,5(1):1—16.(In Chinese)
[5] JOERG B,PETER F,ANDREAS H. Tailor rolled products-innovative lightweight design technology for body structures andchassis applications[J]. Steel Research International,2010,81(9):43—46.
[6] SUN Z,ION J C. Laser welding of dissimilar metal combinations[J]. Journal of Materials Science,1995,30(17):4205—4214.
[7]张永强,陈武柱,双元卿,等.激光-MIG复合焊熔透状态评价方法[J].焊接学报,2010,31(8):41—44.ZHANG Y Q,CHEN W Z,SHUANG Y Q,et al. Evaluation methodof penetration statuses in laser-MIG hybrid welding[J]. Journal ofWelding,2010,31(8):41—44.(In Chinese)
[8]许飞,杨?,毛智勇,等.热输入对铝合金光纤激光穿透焊缝成形的影响[J].中国激光,2014,41(12):59—63.XU F,YANG J,MAO Z Y,et al. Effect of heat Input on weldappearance for fiber laser beam full penetration welding aluminumalloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2014,41(12):59—63.(InChinese)
[9]李亚玲,黄坚,高志国,等.高功率激光焊接汽车用高强钢B450LAD组织与性能[J].中国激光,2008,35(12):2047—2051.LI Y L,HUANG J,GAO Z G,et al. Structure and properties of highpower laser welding of high strength steel B450LAD for vehicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2008,35(12):2047—2051.(InChinese)
[10]陈刚,杨全毅,周明哲,等. M42/X32异种金属CO2激光焊接接头组织和性能的研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(11):89—95.CHEN G,YUANG Q Y,ZHOU M Z,et al. Study of themicrostructure and properties of M42/X32 dissimilar metal CO2laser welding joints[J]. Journal of Hunan University(NaturalSciences),2013,40(11):89—95.(In Chinese)
[11]陈刚,黄宇,周明哲,等.硬质合金YG8与D6A异种金属CO2激光焊接接头组织和性能的研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(12):89—95.CHEN G,HUANG Y,ZHOU M Z,et al. Study of the microstructureand properties of YG8/D6A dissimilar metal CO2laser weldingjoints[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2017,44(12):89—95.(In Chinese)
[12]许飞,陈俐,芦伟,等.热输入对6A02铝合金光纤激光焊缝成形的影响[J].焊接学报,2017,38(8):119—123.XU F,CHEN L,LU W,et al. Effect of heat input on weldappearance for fiber laser welding 6A02 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Welding,2017,38(8):119—123.(In Chinese)
[2]李永兵,李亚庭,楼铭,等.轿车车身轻量化及其对连接技术的挑战[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(18):44—54.LI Y B,LI Y T,LOU M,et al. Lightweighting of car body and itschallenges to joining technologies[J]. Journal of MechanicalEngineering,2012,48(18):44—54.(In Chinese)
[3]王艳青,李军,陈云霞,等.连续变截面薄板在汽车轻量化应用中的新进展[J].现代零部件,2013(12):43—45.WANG Y Q,LI J,CHEN Y X,et al. Continuous variable cross-section thin plate in automobile lightweight application of newprogress[J]. Modern Components,2013(12):43—45.(In Chinese)
[4]范子杰,桂良进,苏瑞意.汽车轻量化技术的研究与进展[J].汽车安全与节能学报,2014,5(1):1—16.FAN Z J,GUI L J,SU R Y,et al. Research and development ofautomotive lightweight technology[J]. Journal of Automotive Safety&Energy,2014,5(1):1—16.(In Chinese)
[5] JOERG B,PETER F,ANDREAS H. Tailor rolled products-innovative lightweight design technology for body structures andchassis applications[J]. Steel Research International,2010,81(9):43—46.
[6] SUN Z,ION J C. Laser welding of dissimilar metal combinations[J]. Journal of Materials Science,1995,30(17):4205—4214.
[7]张永强,陈武柱,双元卿,等.激光-MIG复合焊熔透状态评价方法[J].焊接学报,2010,31(8):41—44.ZHANG Y Q,CHEN W Z,SHUANG Y Q,et al. Evaluation methodof penetration statuses in laser-MIG hybrid welding[J]. Journal ofWelding,2010,31(8):41—44.(In Chinese)
[8]许飞,杨?,毛智勇,等.热输入对铝合金光纤激光穿透焊缝成形的影响[J].中国激光,2014,41(12):59—63.XU F,YANG J,MAO Z Y,et al. Effect of heat Input on weldappearance for fiber laser beam full penetration welding aluminumalloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2014,41(12):59—63.(InChinese)
[9]李亚玲,黄坚,高志国,等.高功率激光焊接汽车用高强钢B450LAD组织与性能[J].中国激光,2008,35(12):2047—2051.LI Y L,HUANG J,GAO Z G,et al. Structure and properties of highpower laser welding of high strength steel B450LAD for vehicles[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers,2008,35(12):2047—2051.(InChinese)
[10]陈刚,杨全毅,周明哲,等. M42/X32异种金属CO2激光焊接接头组织和性能的研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,40(11):89—95.CHEN G,YUANG Q Y,ZHOU M Z,et al. Study of themicrostructure and properties of M42/X32 dissimilar metal CO2laser welding joints[J]. Journal of Hunan University(NaturalSciences),2013,40(11):89—95.(In Chinese)
[11]陈刚,黄宇,周明哲,等.硬质合金YG8与D6A异种金属CO2激光焊接接头组织和性能的研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(12):89—95.CHEN G,HUANG Y,ZHOU M Z,et al. Study of the microstructureand properties of YG8/D6A dissimilar metal CO2laser weldingjoints[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2017,44(12):89—95.(In Chinese)
[12]许飞,陈俐,芦伟,等.热输入对6A02铝合金光纤激光焊缝成形的影响[J].焊接学报,2017,38(8):119—123.XU F,CHEN L,LU W,et al. Effect of heat input on weldappearance for fiber laser welding 6A02 aluminum alloy[J].Journal of Welding,2017,38(8):119—123.(In Chinese)