重金属对植物种子萌发胁迫及缓解的机制
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摘要
重金属元素一般为植物生长的非必需元素,具有较强的毒性,极易被植物吸收积累,降解困难,且能通过食物链危害人类健康。综述了近年来重金属对植物种子萌发过程中形态学指标、生理生化指标以及分子水平上的影响,主要包括重金属对植物种子萌发、幼苗生长、淀粉酶酯酶等水解酶活性、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖与脯氨酸含量及在细胞遗传毒性效应和蛋白基因表达水平上的影响,并总结了缓解植物重金属毒害的方法及治理措施,探讨了目前该领域研究中存在的问题,以及治理植物重金属毒害的研究方向,旨在为重金属污染研究与治理工作提供参考。
Heavy metals are non-essential elements to plant growth and have strong biotictoxicity. They are easily absorbed and accumulated by plants,but difficultly degraded,and cause damages to human health by good chain. This paper reviewed the effects of heavy metals on the morphological,physiological and biochemical,and molecular indexes during seed germination,including seed germination,the growth of plant seedlings,the activities of hydrolases such as amylase and esterase activities,antioxidant enzyme activities,soluble sugar and proline content,genotoxicity,and protein gene expression of the plants. In addition,the paper summarized the methods and treatment measures for alleviating toxicities from heavy metals,discussed the existing problems in the current research in this field,and highlighted the research direction for the treatment of plant heavy metal toxicity. It provides reference for the research and treatment of heavy metal pollution
Heavy metals are non-essential elements to plant growth and have strong biotictoxicity. They are easily absorbed and accumulated by plants,but difficultly degraded,and cause damages to human health by good chain. This paper reviewed the effects of heavy metals on the morphological,physiological and biochemical,and molecular indexes during seed germination,including seed germination,the growth of plant seedlings,the activities of hydrolases such as amylase and esterase activities,antioxidant enzyme activities,soluble sugar and proline content,genotoxicity,and protein gene expression of the plants. In addition,the paper summarized the methods and treatment measures for alleviating toxicities from heavy metals,discussed the existing problems in the current research in this field,and highlighted the research direction for the treatment of plant heavy metal toxicity. It provides reference for the research and treatment of heavy metal pollution
引文
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[17] Zhang H, Hu LY, Hu KD, et al. Hydrogen sulfide promotes wheat seed germination and alleviates oxidative damage against copper stress[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2008, 50(12):1518-1529.
[18]王琳,段璋玲. Hg2+胁迫对小麦幼苗生长及其淀粉酶等同工酶活性的影响[J].河南农业科学, 2010, 39(11):9-13.
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[20]施农农,陈志伟.镉胁迫下水稻种子的萌芽生长及体内水解酶的活性变化[J].农业环境科学学报, 1999, 18(5):213-216.
[21]马成仓,洪法水,李清芳. Hg浸种对玉米种子萌发过程中几种酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报, 1997, 8(1):110-112.
[22]蒋翠文,叶丹妮,蔡卓.野花麦体内Cd对其植物生理生化特性的影响[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版, 2017, 42(5):1918-1923.
[23]魏学玲,史如霞,杨颖丽,等. Cd2+胁迫对小麦幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2009, 29(10):2031-2037.
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