生长调节剂处理对马铃薯贮藏期萌发及氧化酶活性的影响
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摘要
探究生长调节剂对马铃薯贮藏期休眠的调控效果及其生理作用机制,对保障马铃薯安全贮藏和研究马铃薯休眠机制都具有重要意义。本研究以马铃薯中长休眠期品种"川芋117"和短休眠期品种"费乌瑞它"为供试材料,赤霉素(gibberellin A_3,GA_3)、氯苯胺灵(chlorpropham,CIPC)和脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)为供试试剂,研究不同作用类型生长调节剂处理对不同马铃薯品种贮藏期块茎萌发动态及不同部位氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,GA_3促进马铃薯的萌发主要表现在缩短块茎的萌发期上,"川芋117"和"费乌瑞它"较对照(control,CK)分别缩短10.42%和26.92%。而ABA和CIPC抑制马铃薯的萌发表现在延长其萌发期上,在"川芋117"上分别较CK延长10.42%和106.25%,在"费乌瑞它"上ABA处理延长23.08%,CIPC处理块茎未发芽。且ABA处理能显著降低休眠幅度,"川芋117"和"费乌瑞它"休眠幅度分别降低17.95%和29.41%,块茎萌发较整齐。马铃薯块茎在贮藏期芽周和薯肉部位的多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,其峰值出现的时间与其开始大量发芽的时期基本一致,表明PPO和POD活性的升高是块茎解除休眠开始萌芽的生理基础之一。GA_3、ABA和CIPC处理显著影响块茎芽周和薯肉PPO和POD活性,其中GA_3主要提高块茎芽周部位的PPO和POD活性,CIPC和ABA有降低未发芽块茎芽周和薯肉PPO活性的趋势,但ABA处理在块茎休眠解除过程中氧化酶活性上升,特别是"川芋117",这可能是GA_3打破休眠促进萌发、CIPC和ABA延长休眠的生理机制之一。
Studies on the effects of plant growth regulators on potato tubers during storage are important both for storing potatoes safely and for understanding the mechanisms of potato dormancy.In this research,the midto-longterm dormancy potato cultivar "Chuanyu 117"and the short-term dormancy cultivar "Favorita"were used as the experimental materials.Potato tubers were treated with three plant growth regulators:gibberellin A_3(GA_3),chlorpropham(CIPC),or abscisic acid(ABA)for 30 min.Then,tuber germination and the oxidase activity in tuber flesh and bud bases were evaluated during storage.The results showed that GA_3 shortened the germination time of"Chuanyu 117"and"Favorita"by 10.42% and 26.92%,respectively,compared with that in the control(CK).In contrast,ABA and CIPC prolonged the germination time of"Chuanyu 117"by 10.42%and 106.25% respectively,compared with that in the CK.The germination time of "Favorita"treated with ABA was prolonged by 23.08%compared with that in the CK,and the tubers treated with CIPC did not sprout.Moreover,ABA significantly reduced the dormancy amplitude and led to neat tuber sprouting.The polyphenol oxidase(PPO)and peroxidase(POD)activities in tuber flesh and bud bases from cultivars with different degrees of dormancy increased and then decreased during the storage period.The peak activities of PPO and POD occurred during the bud-burst stage of germination,indicating that increased activity of PPO and POD represented physiological processes involved in the breaking of tuber dormancy and sprouting.The three plant growth regulators significantly affected the PPO and POD activities in bud bases and tuber flesh.The activities of PPO and POD in the bud bases were enhanced by GA_3.The activities of oxidases in different parts of nonsprouting tubers were reduced by ABA and CIPC.Application of ABA led to increases in PPO and POD activities during dormancy release,especially in "Chuanyu 117".These findings reveal some of the physiological mechanisms involved in the breaking of dormancy and acceleration of germination by GA_3,and in the prolonging of dormancy by ABA and CIPC.
Studies on the effects of plant growth regulators on potato tubers during storage are important both for storing potatoes safely and for understanding the mechanisms of potato dormancy.In this research,the midto-longterm dormancy potato cultivar "Chuanyu 117"and the short-term dormancy cultivar "Favorita"were used as the experimental materials.Potato tubers were treated with three plant growth regulators:gibberellin A_3(GA_3),chlorpropham(CIPC),or abscisic acid(ABA)for 30 min.Then,tuber germination and the oxidase activity in tuber flesh and bud bases were evaluated during storage.The results showed that GA_3 shortened the germination time of"Chuanyu 117"and"Favorita"by 10.42% and 26.92%,respectively,compared with that in the control(CK).In contrast,ABA and CIPC prolonged the germination time of"Chuanyu 117"by 10.42%and 106.25% respectively,compared with that in the CK.The germination time of "Favorita"treated with ABA was prolonged by 23.08%compared with that in the CK,and the tubers treated with CIPC did not sprout.Moreover,ABA significantly reduced the dormancy amplitude and led to neat tuber sprouting.The polyphenol oxidase(PPO)and peroxidase(POD)activities in tuber flesh and bud bases from cultivars with different degrees of dormancy increased and then decreased during the storage period.The peak activities of PPO and POD occurred during the bud-burst stage of germination,indicating that increased activity of PPO and POD represented physiological processes involved in the breaking of tuber dormancy and sprouting.The three plant growth regulators significantly affected the PPO and POD activities in bud bases and tuber flesh.The activities of PPO and POD in the bud bases were enhanced by GA_3.The activities of oxidases in different parts of nonsprouting tubers were reduced by ABA and CIPC.Application of ABA led to increases in PPO and POD activities during dormancy release,especially in "Chuanyu 117".These findings reveal some of the physiological mechanisms involved in the breaking of dormancy and acceleration of germination by GA_3,and in the prolonging of dormancy by ABA and CIPC.
引文
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[2]Zhong L,Deng J C,Wang L J,et al.Effect of different growth regulators on germination and main carbon-nitrogen metabolites contents during the storage period of potato tuber.Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Science,2016,42(1):81-88.钟蕾,邓俊才,王良俊,等.生长调节剂对马铃薯贮藏期出芽及主要碳氮代谢物质含量的影响.浙江大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2016,42(1):81-88.
[3]Duan L S,Tian X L.Crop Chemical Control Principle and Technology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture University Press,2005:1-3.段留生,田晓莉.作物化学控制原理与技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2005:1-3.
[4]Mao J Y,Yan Z L.Plant Growth Regulator Control Principle and Practical Technology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005.毛景英,闫振领.植物生长调节剂调控原理与实用技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.
[5]Salimi K,Afshari R T,Hosseini,et al.Effects of gibberellic acid and carbon disulphide on sprouting of potato minitubers.Scientia Horticulturae,2010,124:14-18.
[6]Guo C H,Sha B C,Yu Y.Effects of gibberellin breaking potato dormancy on potato growth and yield.Chinese Potato Journal,2003,17(6):336-337.郭华春,沙本才,余杨.赤霉素打破种薯休眠对马铃薯生长及产量的影响.中国马铃薯,2003,17(6):336-337.
[7]Lascarides D K.Shortening the dormancy of period spring-grown seed potatoes for midsummer planting.Potato Research,1967,10:100-107.
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[9]Castillo D G,Cruz E,Iguaz A,et al.Effects of essential oils on sprout suppression and quality of potato cultivars.Postharvest Biology and Technology,2013,86:15-21.
[10]Chen Q B,Hou X L,Wang J J,et al.Effect of exogenous abscisic acid on the dormancy of onion(Allium cepa).Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2007,30(1):30-33.陈沁滨,侯喜林,王建军,等.外源脱落酸对洋葱鳞茎休眠的影响.南京农业大学学报,2007,30(1):30-33.
[11]Li S X,Dami I E.Responses of Vitis vinifera‘Pinot gris’grapevines to exogenous abscisic acid(ABA):yield,fruit quality,dormancy,and freezing tolerance.Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,2016,35(1):245-255.
[12]Xue X,Zhang Q,Wu J X.Research of reactive oxygen species in plants and its application on stress tolerance.Biotechnology Bulletin,2013,10:7-10.薛鑫,张芊,吴金霞.植物体内活性氧的研究及其在植物抗逆方面的应用.生物技术通报,2013,10:7-10.
[13]Wang Q G,Cao Y,Zhou L L,et al.Effects of postharvest curing treatment on flesh colour and phenolic metabolism in fleshcut potato products.Food Chemistry,2015,169:246-254.
[14]Gui F Q,Wu J H,Chen F,et al.Change of polyphenol oxidase activity,color,and browning degree during storage of cloudy apple juice treated by supercritical carbon dioxide.European Food Technology,2006,223:427-432.
[15]Cano M P,Ancos B,Lobo M G,et al.Improvement of frozen banana(Musa cavendishii cv.Enana)colour by blanching:relationship between browning,phenols and polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities.European Food Research and Technology,1997,204(1):60-65.
[16]Dai L,Gong C R,Shi L,et al.Polyphenol oxidase in plants.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2007,23(6):312-316.代丽,宫长荣,史霖,等.植物多酚氧化酶研究综述.植物生理科学,2007,23(6):312-316.
[17]Shu K,Liu X D,Xie Q,et al.Two faces of one seed:hormonal regulation of dormancy and germination.Molecular Plant,2016,9(1):34-42.
[18]Shuai H W,Meng Y J,Luo X F,et al.The roles of auxin in seed dormancy and germination.Hereditas(Beijing),2016,38(4):314-322.帅海威,孟永杰,罗晓峰,等.生长素调控种子的休眠与萌发.遗传,2016,38(4):314-322.
[19]Liu F,Li D D,Lian H,et al.Relationship between dormancy breaking and protective enzymes in refrigerated Lilium pumilum bulbs.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(12):180-187.刘芳,李丹丹,廉华,等.细叶百合冷藏过程中鳞茎保护酶活性与休眠解除的关系.草业学报,2015,24(12):180-187.
[20]Pu J G,Sun L X,Pei J W,et al.A preliminary report on the study of the dormancy breaking of the mini-potato’s breeder’s seed of virus-free potato.Gansu Agricultural Sciences and Technology,1999,7:13-14.蒲建刚,孙林祥,裴建文,等.脱毒马铃薯微型薯原原种打破休眠试验研究初报.甘肃农业科技,1999,7:13-14.
[21]Liu F,Yang Y J,Dong D F,et al.Study on dormancy characteristics of potato with different generations and weight.Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2011,11:32-34.刘芳,杨元军,董道峰,等.马铃薯不同代数和块茎大小休眠特性的研究.山东农业科学,2011,11:32-34.
[22]Bi Y F,Jiang R F,Liu W W,et al.Study on a new method for extracting polyphenol oxidase compared with conventional methods.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,2013,41(22):9418-9420.毕云枫,姜仁凤,刘薇薇,等.一种多酚氧化酶提取新方法与几种常规方法的比较研究.安徽农业科学,2013,41(22):9418-9420.
[23]Wang S Y,Jiao H J,Miklos F.Changes in the activities of catalase,peroxidase,and polyphenol oxidase in the apple buds during bud break induced by thidiazuron.Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,1991,10:33-39.
[24]Lai G Y,Zhao J R,Yao M S.Effect of four plant growth regulators on the production and quality of potato.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University,2003,23(3):295-297.来改英,赵晋蓉,姚满生.四种植物生长调节剂对马铃薯产量和质量的影响.山西农业大学学报,2003,23(3):295-297.
[25]Zhang X,Wang X.The plant growth regulator research present situation and progress in the potato field’s application.Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,12(13):61-63.张巽,王鑫.植物生长调节剂的研究现状及其在马铃薯田的应用进展.安徽农学通报,2006,12(13):61-63.
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