柔性引才:农村空心化治理的路径选择
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摘要
【目的/意义】城市化进程加快,农村空心化愈演愈烈,根据问题成因提出相应的治理路径,解决农村"空心化"问题,推进农村建设,实现乡村振兴。【方法/过程】运用文献研究法和实地调查法,了解农村空心化的演化程度,分析农村空心化持续恶化的实质,归纳其成因。【结果/结论】农村空心化持续恶化的实质是农村人力资本的存量与质量严重不足,体现在生产建设主体缺失与弱化,社会治理主体内部循环不畅,成因在于制度、经济、社会造成人力资本持续流失及农村人力资本固有投资不足、回报不足造成人才难以流入,从而带来农村各项发展停滞连锁反应。从政策角度提出农村空心化的治理在于"柔性引才",通过内外吸引人才,"软硬兼施"留住人才,培养管理人才与技术人才,就地转化人才为农村所用,以保障农村发展人力需求。
【Objective/Meaning】With the acceleration of urbanization, rural hollowing is getting worse and worse. According to the causes of the problems, this paper put forword corresponding countermeasures to solve the problem of rural hollowing, promote rural construction and realize rural revitalization. 【Methods/Procedures】By using the methods of literature research and field investigation, we understood the evolution degree of rural hollowing, analyzed the essence of the continuous deterioration of rural hollowing and summarized its causes. 【Results/Conclusions】The essence of the continuous deterioration of rural hollowing was that the stock and quality of rural human capital were seriously inadequate, which was reflected in the absence and weakening of the main part of production and construction and the impeded internal circulation of the main part of social governance, The causes lied in the persistent loss of human capital caused by the system, economy and society, as well as the inadequate investment and return of rural human capital, which made it difficult for talents to flow in, thus brought about all kinds of stagnation chain reactions during rural developing. It was proposed that the government of rural hollowing lied in "flexible talent introduction". By attracting talents from both inside and outside, we could retain talents, train managerial and technical talents, and transform talents into rural areas in situ so as to guarantee the manpower demand of rural development.
【Objective/Meaning】With the acceleration of urbanization, rural hollowing is getting worse and worse. According to the causes of the problems, this paper put forword corresponding countermeasures to solve the problem of rural hollowing, promote rural construction and realize rural revitalization. 【Methods/Procedures】By using the methods of literature research and field investigation, we understood the evolution degree of rural hollowing, analyzed the essence of the continuous deterioration of rural hollowing and summarized its causes. 【Results/Conclusions】The essence of the continuous deterioration of rural hollowing was that the stock and quality of rural human capital were seriously inadequate, which was reflected in the absence and weakening of the main part of production and construction and the impeded internal circulation of the main part of social governance, The causes lied in the persistent loss of human capital caused by the system, economy and society, as well as the inadequate investment and return of rural human capital, which made it difficult for talents to flow in, thus brought about all kinds of stagnation chain reactions during rural developing. It was proposed that the government of rural hollowing lied in "flexible talent introduction". By attracting talents from both inside and outside, we could retain talents, train managerial and technical talents, and transform talents into rural areas in situ so as to guarantee the manpower demand of rural development.
引文
[1]习近平强调,贯彻新发展理念,建设现代化经济体系[EB/OL].(2017-10-18).http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-10/18/c_1121820551.htm.
[2]农村闲置低效宅基地再利用的关键问题及途径思考[EB/OL].(2018-06-21).http://www.xzhl.org/html/xzsl/2018/0621/5187.html.
[3]邬志辉.《中国农村教育发展报告2017》[EB/OL].(2017-12-23).http://www.jyb.cn/zcg/xwy/wzxw/201712/t20171223_900288.html.
[4]中国人口老龄化现状、面临问题以及人口政策分析[EB/OL].(2016-10-10).http://www.chyxx.com/news/2016/1010/454797.html.
[5]王军旗.关于“城归”重构农村人力资源新结构的思考[J].人才资源开发,2017(22):36-37.
[6]苏碧芳.统筹城乡户籍制度改革与农村人口空心化:挑战与应对[J].安徽农业科学,2011(36):168-171.
[7]王国刚,刘彦随.农村空心化过程及其资源环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:100-102.
[8]王凤,马玉玲,乔家君.中心城市对农村空心化格局影响的尺度效应——以河南省为例[J].地域研究与开发,2018,37(3):132-137.
[9]易文彬.论农村空心化治理的多重逻辑[J].西南民族大学学报:人文社科版,2018,39(7):190-195.
[10]陈家喜,刘王裔.我国农村空心化的生成形态与治理路径[J].中州学刊,2012,9(5):103-106.
[11]刘彦随,刘玉.中国农村空心化问题研究的进展与展望[J].地理研究,2010,29(1):35-42.
[12]刘彦随,刘玉,翟荣新.中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践[J].地理学报,2009,64(10):1193-1202.
[13]程连生,冯文勇,蒋立宏.太原盆地东南部农村聚落空心化机理分析[J].地理学报,2001(4):437-446.
[14]刘彦随,刘玉,陈秧分,等.快速城市化中的中国农村空心化(英文)[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2010,20(6):876-888.
[2]农村闲置低效宅基地再利用的关键问题及途径思考[EB/OL].(2018-06-21).http://www.xzhl.org/html/xzsl/2018/0621/5187.html.
[3]邬志辉.《中国农村教育发展报告2017》[EB/OL].(2017-12-23).http://www.jyb.cn/zcg/xwy/wzxw/201712/t20171223_900288.html.
[4]中国人口老龄化现状、面临问题以及人口政策分析[EB/OL].(2016-10-10).http://www.chyxx.com/news/2016/1010/454797.html.
[5]王军旗.关于“城归”重构农村人力资源新结构的思考[J].人才资源开发,2017(22):36-37.
[6]苏碧芳.统筹城乡户籍制度改革与农村人口空心化:挑战与应对[J].安徽农业科学,2011(36):168-171.
[7]王国刚,刘彦随.农村空心化过程及其资源环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:100-102.
[8]王凤,马玉玲,乔家君.中心城市对农村空心化格局影响的尺度效应——以河南省为例[J].地域研究与开发,2018,37(3):132-137.
[9]易文彬.论农村空心化治理的多重逻辑[J].西南民族大学学报:人文社科版,2018,39(7):190-195.
[10]陈家喜,刘王裔.我国农村空心化的生成形态与治理路径[J].中州学刊,2012,9(5):103-106.
[11]刘彦随,刘玉.中国农村空心化问题研究的进展与展望[J].地理研究,2010,29(1):35-42.
[12]刘彦随,刘玉,翟荣新.中国农村空心化的地理学研究与整治实践[J].地理学报,2009,64(10):1193-1202.
[13]程连生,冯文勇,蒋立宏.太原盆地东南部农村聚落空心化机理分析[J].地理学报,2001(4):437-446.
[14]刘彦随,刘玉,陈秧分,等.快速城市化中的中国农村空心化(英文)[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2010,20(6):876-888.