珠子参中皂苷成分及其药理活性研究进展
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摘要
珠子参为五加科人参属药用植物,属于珍稀物种。珠子参具有保护心脑血管系统、中枢神经系统、肝脏以及抗炎、抗肿瘤等药理活性。与同属的人参、西洋参和三七等植物相类似,珠子参中的主要活性成分为三萜皂苷,根据苷元结构的不同可将珠子参皂苷分为2大类,分别为:齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂苷和达玛烷型四环三萜皂苷。本文结合近20年来的研究文献,就珠子参的资源分布、不同部位中的皂苷成分及药理活性进行了综述,以此对以珠子参为原料的药品及保健食品的开发利用提供理论参考。
Panax japonicus is a kind of rare species which belongs to Panax genus under Araliaceae family.Panax japonicus has protective effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system,central nervous system and liver,and possesses anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities.The major bioactive components in Panax japonicus are triterpene saponins,which is similar to the congeneric plants: Panax ginseng,Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng. According to the different structures of aglycone,the triterpene saponins in Panax japonicus can be divided into two groups: oleanane type saponins and dammarane type saponins. According to the references in the past twenty years,the resource distribution,constituents of triterpene saponins from different parts of Panax japonicus and their pharmacological activities were summarized in this review,thus provided theoretical reference for the development of medicine and health food with Panax japonicus as raw material.
Panax japonicus is a kind of rare species which belongs to Panax genus under Araliaceae family.Panax japonicus has protective effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system,central nervous system and liver,and possesses anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities.The major bioactive components in Panax japonicus are triterpene saponins,which is similar to the congeneric plants: Panax ginseng,Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng. According to the different structures of aglycone,the triterpene saponins in Panax japonicus can be divided into two groups: oleanane type saponins and dammarane type saponins. According to the references in the past twenty years,the resource distribution,constituents of triterpene saponins from different parts of Panax japonicus and their pharmacological activities were summarized in this review,thus provided theoretical reference for the development of medicine and health food with Panax japonicus as raw material.
引文
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[4]Yuan D,Xiang T T,Huo Y X,et al.Preventive effects of tota saponins of Panax japonicus on fatty liver fibrosis in mice[J].Archives of Medical Science,2016,12(3):486-493.
[5]李巧云,赵恒.大叶珠子参叶总皂苷的镇痛镇静作用研究[J].华西化学杂志,1993,8(2):90-92.
[6]Yuan C F,Liu C Q,Wang T,et al.Chikusetsu saponin IVa ameliorates high fat diet-induced inflammation in adipose tissue of mice through inhibition of NLRP3[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(19):31023-31040.
[7]陈涛,胡卫,巩仔鹏,等.珠子参皂苷对人早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞增殖抑制和诱导分化的研究[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(4):831-833.
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[11]Zhou M,Xu M,Wang D,et al.New dammarane-type saponins from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus[J].Helvetica Chimica Acta,2011,94(11):2010-2019.
[12]时晓磊,王加付,姚华,等.珠子参化学成分分析[J].高等学校化学学报,2013,34(2):381-385.
[13]Yoshizaki K,Devkota H P,Fujino H,et al.Saponins composition of rhizomes,taproots,and lateral roots of Satsumaninjin(Panax japonicus)[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2013,61(3):344-350.
[14]冯宝树,汪夕彬,王答祺,等.秦岭产珠子参叶的达玛烷型皂苷研究(1)[J].云南植物研究,1987,9(4):477-484.
[15]王答祺,冯宝树,汪夕彬,等.秦岭珠子参叶的达玛烷型皂苷的进一步研究[J].药学学报,1989,24(8):633-636.
[16]何瑞,刘琦,刘银环,等.珠子参叶化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(9):1635-1638.
[17]赵东东,宋小妹,唐海峰,等.珠子参叶的皂苷成分研究[J].中南药学,2013,11(2):85-88.
[18]杨崇仁,伍明珠,周俊,等.珠子参叶的三萜皂苷成分[J].云南植物研究,1984,6(1):118-120.
[19]卢丞文,殷涌光.人参皂苷Rd药理活性和制备方法研究进展[J].北方园艺,2015,2015(23):202-205.
[20]Yoshizaki K,Devkota H P,Yahara S.Four new triterpenoid saponins from the leaves of Panax japonicus grown in southern Miyazaki prefecture(4)[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2013,61(3):273-278.
[21]Yoshizaki K,Yahara S.New triterpenoid saponins from fruits specimens of Panax japonicus collected in Kumamoto and Miyazaki prefectures(1)[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2012,60(3):354-362.
[22]Yoshizaki K,Murakami M,Fujino H,et al.New triterpenoid saponins from fruit specimens of Panax japonicus collected in Toyama prefecture and Hokkaido(2)[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2012,60(6):728-735.
[23]金家红,贺海波,石孟琼,等.珠子参总皂苷对小鼠局灶性脑缺血的保护作用[J].第三军医大学学报,2011,33(24):2631-2633.
[24]刘爱华,石孟琼,杨文雁,等.珠子参总皂苷对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制研究[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2013,18(11):1224-1232.
[25]贺海波,石孟琼,罗涛,等.珠子参总皂苷通过促进Nrf2转位拮抗新生大鼠心肌细胞氧化应激损伤[J].第三军医大学学报,2012,34(15):1527-1532.
[26]包中文,覃慧林,石孟琼,等.珠子参总皂苷对心肌梗死保护作用机制研究[J].中药材,2015,38(6):1230-1236.
[27]许苗苗,张旋,宋蓓,等.珠子参抗肝损伤药效的物质基础研究[J].西北药学杂志,2014,29(5):486-489.
[28]王薇,张旋,许苗苗,等.珠子参总皂苷对四氯化碳致大鼠慢性肝损伤的保护作用[J].中药药理与临床,2014,30(3):70-73.
[29]张继红,邓为,石孟琼,等.珠子参皂苷对四氯化碳致大鼠肝纤维化的保护作用[J].中药药理与临床,2014,30(5):73-78.
[30]张继红,王海燕,石孟琼,等.珠子参皂苷与BMSCs联用治疗大鼠肝纤维化作用研究[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(3):104-107.
[31]Li Y G,Ji D F,Zhong S,et al.Saponins from Panax japonicus protect against alcohol-induced hepatic injury in mice by upregulating the expression of GPX3,SOD1 and SOD3[J].Alcohol&Alcoholism,2010,45(4):320-331.
[32]李军汉,苏全生,孙君志,等.运动和饮食调整对内质网应激介导非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠模型肝细胞凋亡的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2017,36(1):36-43.
[33]Dai Y W,Zhang C C,Zhao H X,et al.Chikusetsusaponin Vattenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice[J].Immunopharmacology&Immunotoxicology,2016,38(3):167-174.
[34]王懋德,陈植和,张正仙,等.珠子参总甙的中枢抑制作用[J].中国药理与临床,1985,1(0):90.
[35]王莹,褚扬,李伟,等.三七中皂苷成分及其药理作用的研究进展[J].中草药,2015,46(9):1381-1392.
[36]姜祎,考玉萍,宋小妹.珠子参叶总皂苷抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究[J].陕西中医,2008,29(6):732-733.
[37]Wang T,Di G,Yang L,et al.Saponins from Panax japonicus attenuate D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in rats[J].Journal of Pharmacy&Pharmacology,2015,67(9):1284-1296.
[38]W J Z,Deng L L,Zhang C C,et al.Chikusetsu saponin Vattenuates H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells through Sirt1/PGC-1α/Mn-SODsignaling pathways[J].Canadian Journal of Physiology&Pharmacology,2016,94(9):919-928.
[39]邓丽丽,万静枝,袁丁,等.竹节参总皂苷通过线粒体途径保护H2O2诱导的SH-SY5Y神经细胞损伤[J].中药材,2015,38(8):1690-1693.
[40]李慧兰,李存德.珠子参总皂苷对白细胞介素-1,白细胞介素-2的影响[J].云南中医学院学报,1994,17(1):27-29.
[41]朱新华,李存德,后文俊.珠子参总皂苷对脾细胞增殖效应影响的研究[J].昆明学院学报,1994,15(1):65-67.
[42]李存德,朱新华,杨庆周,等.珠子参总皂苷对小鼠NK活性的影响[J].昆明学院学报,1992,12(3):37-38.
[43]段泾云,除瑞明.珠子参对血液和造血功能的影响[J].云南中医学院学报,1996,11(2):72-73.
[44]Han K L,Zheng Y N,Yoshikawa M,et al.Anti-obesity effects of chikusetsusaponins isolated from Panax japonicus rhizomes[J].BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2005,5(1):1-10.
[2]包旭,詹常森.近十年来珠子参的皂苷成分及药理研究进展[J].华西药学杂志,1992,7(1):49.
[3]He H,Xu J,Xu Y,et al.Cardioprotective effects of saponins from Panax japonicus on acute myocardial ischemia agains oxidative stress-triggered damage and cardiac cell death in rats[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2012,140(1):73-82.
[4]Yuan D,Xiang T T,Huo Y X,et al.Preventive effects of tota saponins of Panax japonicus on fatty liver fibrosis in mice[J].Archives of Medical Science,2016,12(3):486-493.
[5]李巧云,赵恒.大叶珠子参叶总皂苷的镇痛镇静作用研究[J].华西化学杂志,1993,8(2):90-92.
[6]Yuan C F,Liu C Q,Wang T,et al.Chikusetsu saponin IVa ameliorates high fat diet-induced inflammation in adipose tissue of mice through inhibition of NLRP3[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(19):31023-31040.
[7]陈涛,胡卫,巩仔鹏,等.珠子参皂苷对人早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞增殖抑制和诱导分化的研究[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(4):831-833.
[8]王答祺,樊娟,汪夕彬,等.秦岭产珠子参根茎的皂苷成分[J].植物学报,1998,30(4):403-408.
[9]宋小妹,刘越,蔡宝昌.珠子参的化学成分[J].沈阳药科大学学报,2010,27(8):626-629.
[10]Morita T,Kasai R,Tanaka O,et al.Saponins of Zu-Tziseng,rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A.MEYER var.major(BURK.)C.Y.Wu et K.M.FENG,collected in Yunnan,China[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2008,30(12):4341-4345.
[11]Zhou M,Xu M,Wang D,et al.New dammarane-type saponins from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus[J].Helvetica Chimica Acta,2011,94(11):2010-2019.
[12]时晓磊,王加付,姚华,等.珠子参化学成分分析[J].高等学校化学学报,2013,34(2):381-385.
[13]Yoshizaki K,Devkota H P,Fujino H,et al.Saponins composition of rhizomes,taproots,and lateral roots of Satsumaninjin(Panax japonicus)[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2013,61(3):344-350.
[14]冯宝树,汪夕彬,王答祺,等.秦岭产珠子参叶的达玛烷型皂苷研究(1)[J].云南植物研究,1987,9(4):477-484.
[15]王答祺,冯宝树,汪夕彬,等.秦岭珠子参叶的达玛烷型皂苷的进一步研究[J].药学学报,1989,24(8):633-636.
[16]何瑞,刘琦,刘银环,等.珠子参叶化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(9):1635-1638.
[17]赵东东,宋小妹,唐海峰,等.珠子参叶的皂苷成分研究[J].中南药学,2013,11(2):85-88.
[18]杨崇仁,伍明珠,周俊,等.珠子参叶的三萜皂苷成分[J].云南植物研究,1984,6(1):118-120.
[19]卢丞文,殷涌光.人参皂苷Rd药理活性和制备方法研究进展[J].北方园艺,2015,2015(23):202-205.
[20]Yoshizaki K,Devkota H P,Yahara S.Four new triterpenoid saponins from the leaves of Panax japonicus grown in southern Miyazaki prefecture(4)[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2013,61(3):273-278.
[21]Yoshizaki K,Yahara S.New triterpenoid saponins from fruits specimens of Panax japonicus collected in Kumamoto and Miyazaki prefectures(1)[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2012,60(3):354-362.
[22]Yoshizaki K,Murakami M,Fujino H,et al.New triterpenoid saponins from fruit specimens of Panax japonicus collected in Toyama prefecture and Hokkaido(2)[J].Chemical&Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2012,60(6):728-735.
[23]金家红,贺海波,石孟琼,等.珠子参总皂苷对小鼠局灶性脑缺血的保护作用[J].第三军医大学学报,2011,33(24):2631-2633.
[24]刘爱华,石孟琼,杨文雁,等.珠子参总皂苷对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制研究[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2013,18(11):1224-1232.
[25]贺海波,石孟琼,罗涛,等.珠子参总皂苷通过促进Nrf2转位拮抗新生大鼠心肌细胞氧化应激损伤[J].第三军医大学学报,2012,34(15):1527-1532.
[26]包中文,覃慧林,石孟琼,等.珠子参总皂苷对心肌梗死保护作用机制研究[J].中药材,2015,38(6):1230-1236.
[27]许苗苗,张旋,宋蓓,等.珠子参抗肝损伤药效的物质基础研究[J].西北药学杂志,2014,29(5):486-489.
[28]王薇,张旋,许苗苗,等.珠子参总皂苷对四氯化碳致大鼠慢性肝损伤的保护作用[J].中药药理与临床,2014,30(3):70-73.
[29]张继红,邓为,石孟琼,等.珠子参皂苷对四氯化碳致大鼠肝纤维化的保护作用[J].中药药理与临床,2014,30(5):73-78.
[30]张继红,王海燕,石孟琼,等.珠子参皂苷与BMSCs联用治疗大鼠肝纤维化作用研究[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(3):104-107.
[31]Li Y G,Ji D F,Zhong S,et al.Saponins from Panax japonicus protect against alcohol-induced hepatic injury in mice by upregulating the expression of GPX3,SOD1 and SOD3[J].Alcohol&Alcoholism,2010,45(4):320-331.
[32]李军汉,苏全生,孙君志,等.运动和饮食调整对内质网应激介导非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠模型肝细胞凋亡的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2017,36(1):36-43.
[33]Dai Y W,Zhang C C,Zhao H X,et al.Chikusetsusaponin Vattenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice[J].Immunopharmacology&Immunotoxicology,2016,38(3):167-174.
[34]王懋德,陈植和,张正仙,等.珠子参总甙的中枢抑制作用[J].中国药理与临床,1985,1(0):90.
[35]王莹,褚扬,李伟,等.三七中皂苷成分及其药理作用的研究进展[J].中草药,2015,46(9):1381-1392.
[36]姜祎,考玉萍,宋小妹.珠子参叶总皂苷抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究[J].陕西中医,2008,29(6):732-733.
[37]Wang T,Di G,Yang L,et al.Saponins from Panax japonicus attenuate D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects in rats[J].Journal of Pharmacy&Pharmacology,2015,67(9):1284-1296.
[38]W J Z,Deng L L,Zhang C C,et al.Chikusetsu saponin Vattenuates H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells through Sirt1/PGC-1α/Mn-SODsignaling pathways[J].Canadian Journal of Physiology&Pharmacology,2016,94(9):919-928.
[39]邓丽丽,万静枝,袁丁,等.竹节参总皂苷通过线粒体途径保护H2O2诱导的SH-SY5Y神经细胞损伤[J].中药材,2015,38(8):1690-1693.
[40]李慧兰,李存德.珠子参总皂苷对白细胞介素-1,白细胞介素-2的影响[J].云南中医学院学报,1994,17(1):27-29.
[41]朱新华,李存德,后文俊.珠子参总皂苷对脾细胞增殖效应影响的研究[J].昆明学院学报,1994,15(1):65-67.
[42]李存德,朱新华,杨庆周,等.珠子参总皂苷对小鼠NK活性的影响[J].昆明学院学报,1992,12(3):37-38.
[43]段泾云,除瑞明.珠子参对血液和造血功能的影响[J].云南中医学院学报,1996,11(2):72-73.
[44]Han K L,Zheng Y N,Yoshikawa M,et al.Anti-obesity effects of chikusetsusaponins isolated from Panax japonicus rhizomes[J].BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2005,5(1):1-10.