基于FBG的测斜传感器设计与实现
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摘要
变形监测是进行边坡灾害预警预报的重要依赖手段,为解决当前边坡深部变形监测中存在的不足,研发了一种基于光纤光栅传感技术的测斜仪器。光纤光栅测斜传感器包括刚性单元、柔性感测单元及连接销轴,柔性感测单元为布设有光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)的等强度梁结构,FBG采用在梁表面对称布置的方式以消除温度对测量的影响。边坡内部岩土体变形时,刚性单元随之在连接处发生相对偏转,由柔性感测单元中FBG波长偏移量,利用FBG中心波长与应变、角度的线性关系,得到刚性单元间的相对偏转角度,实现边坡深部变形监测。实验表明,研制的测斜传感器测量单元线性度好,倾角测量灵敏度和分辨率较高,温度造成的误差较小。
Deformation monitoring is an important means to predict and forewarn slope geologic disaster.To overcome the drawbacks in the current deep displacement monitoring of slopes,a novel clinometer based on fiber Bragg grating sensing technology was developed.The FBG clinometer sensor comprises a rigid unit,a flexible unit for sensing and the connecting hinge.The flexible sensing unit is an equal-strength beam structure with a fiber Bragg grating,and the FBG adopts a symmetric arrangement on the beam surface to eliminate the influence of temperature on the measurement.The rigid unit will have relative deflection at the joint when the rock and soil inside the slope are deformed.Based on the FBG wavelength offset in the flexible sensing unit and the linear relationship between the central wavelength of FBG and strain and angle,the relative deflection angle between the rigid units can be obtained,and the deep deformation monitoring of the slop can realized.The experiment indicates that the measuring unit of the developed inclinometer has good linearity,high sensitivity and resolution,and the error caused by temperature is small.
Deformation monitoring is an important means to predict and forewarn slope geologic disaster.To overcome the drawbacks in the current deep displacement monitoring of slopes,a novel clinometer based on fiber Bragg grating sensing technology was developed.The FBG clinometer sensor comprises a rigid unit,a flexible unit for sensing and the connecting hinge.The flexible sensing unit is an equal-strength beam structure with a fiber Bragg grating,and the FBG adopts a symmetric arrangement on the beam surface to eliminate the influence of temperature on the measurement.The rigid unit will have relative deflection at the joint when the rock and soil inside the slope are deformed.Based on the FBG wavelength offset in the flexible sensing unit and the linear relationship between the central wavelength of FBG and strain and angle,the relative deflection angle between the rigid units can be obtained,and the deep deformation monitoring of the slop can realized.The experiment indicates that the measuring unit of the developed inclinometer has good linearity,high sensitivity and resolution,and the error caused by temperature is small.
引文
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[12]杨洪磊,梁仕斌,李川,等.基于FBG的电力塔杆倾角传感器研究[J].传感器与微系统,2013,32(11):21-24.YANG Honglei,LIANG Shibin,LI Chuan,et al.Research of electric power tower tilt angle sensor based on FBG[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2013,32(11):21-24.
[2]殷建华,崔鹏,裴华富,等.基于光纤传感技术的边坡监测系统的应用[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2011,47(8):290-292.YIN Jianhua,CUI Peng,PEI Huafu.Application of landslides monitoring systems based on optical fiber sensing technique[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2011,47(8):290-292.
[3]栾婷婷,谢振华,张雪东.露天矿山高陡边坡稳定性分析及滑坡预警技术[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(4):11-16.LUAN Tingting,XIE Zhenhua,ZHANG Xuedong.Stability analysis and landslide early warning technology for high and steep slope of open-pit mine[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2013,9(4):11-16.
[4]杨光华,钟志辉,张玉成,等.滑坡灾害的机制与力学特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(2):4009-4017.YANG Guanghua,ZHONG Zhihui,ZHANG Yucheng,et al.Analysis of mechanism and mechanical characteristics of landslide disaster[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(2):4009-4017.
[5]王凯,张伟毅,马飞,等.滑坡深部变形监测方法与应用探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报,2015,11(1):204-209.WANG Kai,ZHANG Weiyi,MA Fei,et al.Monitoring methods of landslide deep deformation and discussion on their application[J].Chinese Journal of Underground space and engineering,2015,11(1):204-209.
[6]刘斌,黄肖迪,徐剑.基于光纤布喇格光栅的测斜技术实验研究[J].压电与声光,2017,39(5):763-766.LIU Bin,HUANG Xiaodi,XU Jian.Experimental study on incline-measurement technology based on fiber Bragg grating[J].Piezoelectrics&Acoustooptics,2017,39(5):763-766.
[7]徐玉胜.光纤传感技术在高铁基础设施安全监测中的应用[J].铁道建筑,2016,56(9):143-147.XU Yusheng.Application of optical fiber sensing technology in safety monitoring for high speed railway infrastructure[J].Railway Engineering,2016,56(9):143-147.
[8]孙丽.光纤光栅传感技术与工程应用研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.
[9]李川.光纤光栅:原理、技术与传感应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[10]胡辽林,张卫超.基于参考光栅的光纤光栅应变测量温度补偿[J].实验室研究与探索,2014,33(11):39-41.HU Liaolin,ZHANG Weichao.Temperature compensation of FBG strain measurement based on reference FBG[J].Research and Exploration in Laboratory,2014,33(11):39-41.
[11]马国明,李成榕,全江涛,等.架空输电线路覆冰监测光纤光栅拉力倾角传感器的研制[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(34):132-138.MA Guoming,LI Chengrong,QUAN Jiangtao,et al.Development of fiber Bragg grating tension&tilt sensor for icing-monitoring of overhead transmission lines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(34):132-138.
[12]杨洪磊,梁仕斌,李川,等.基于FBG的电力塔杆倾角传感器研究[J].传感器与微系统,2013,32(11):21-24.YANG Honglei,LIANG Shibin,LI Chuan,et al.Research of electric power tower tilt angle sensor based on FBG[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2013,32(11):21-24.