氟西汀与三氯生复合暴露对麦穗鱼的毒性效应
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摘要
为探讨药品和个人护理产品(PPCPs)复合污染对水生生态系统的影响,本试验以东北地区土著鱼类麦穗鱼为试验材料,研究了氟西汀(FLX)与三氯生(TCS)复合暴露对其不同器官的毒性效应.经急性(4 h)与慢性(42 d)复合暴露试验后分别检测麦穗鱼Ⅰ相和Ⅱ相解毒酶、神经系统、消化系统及抗氧化系统等受到的影响.结果表明:在FLX/TCS复合暴露条件下,麦穗鱼脑部乙酰胆碱酯酶活性受到短暂抑制,肝中细胞色素P450活性持续受到抑制,肠中α-葡萄糖苷酶活性在急性暴露后受到诱导但是长期暴露后被抑制,同时长期复合暴露导致肝中脂质过氧化水平升高.氟西汀和三氯生对麦穗鱼的复合暴露可对麦穗鱼多个器官产生急性毒性应激效应,而随着暴露时间的延长,麦穗鱼可产生一定的适应性,但这种适应作用的机制有待进一步研究.
We examined the effects of binary mixture of two different pharmaceutical and personalcare products(PPCPs) on aquatic organisms. The topmouth gudgeonPseudorasbora parva, nativeto northeast China, was used to study the combined effects of fluoxetine( FLX) and triclosan(TCS) on its different organs. After acute(4 h) and chronic(42 d) treatments, the combinedeffects of FLX/TCS on phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes, nervous system, digestive sys-tem and antioxidant system were evaluated. The results showed that the AChE activity in the brain ofP. parvawas transiently inhibited, whereas the activity of EROD in the liver was continuously inhi-bited. The activity of α-Glu in the intestine was induced after acute exposure but was inhibited afterchronic exposure. Meanwhile, the level of lipid peroxidation in the liver was elevated after chronicexposure. In conclusion, the mixture of fluoxetine and triclosan produced toxic effects on multipleorgans ofP. parva, which could be alleviated after prolonged exposure, indicating an acclimation.However, the mechanisms of this acclimation needed further study.
We examined the effects of binary mixture of two different pharmaceutical and personalcare products(PPCPs) on aquatic organisms. The topmouth gudgeonPseudorasbora parva, nativeto northeast China, was used to study the combined effects of fluoxetine( FLX) and triclosan(TCS) on its different organs. After acute(4 h) and chronic(42 d) treatments, the combinedeffects of FLX/TCS on phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes, nervous system, digestive sys-tem and antioxidant system were evaluated. The results showed that the AChE activity in the brain ofP. parvawas transiently inhibited, whereas the activity of EROD in the liver was continuously inhi-bited. The activity of α-Glu in the intestine was induced after acute exposure but was inhibited afterchronic exposure. Meanwhile, the level of lipid peroxidation in the liver was elevated after chronicexposure. In conclusion, the mixture of fluoxetine and triclosan produced toxic effects on multipleorgans ofP. parva, which could be alleviated after prolonged exposure, indicating an acclimation.However, the mechanisms of this acclimation needed further study.
引文
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[17]Falisse E,Voisin A-S,Silvestre F.Impacts of triclosanexposure on zebrafish early-life stage:Toxicity andacclimation mechanisms.Aquatic Toxicology,2017,189(suppl.C):97-107
[18]Kwon JW,Armbrust KL.Laboratory persistence and fateof fluoxetine in aquatic environments.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2006,25:2561-2568
[19]Chen H,Cao J,Li L,et al.Maternal transfer andreproductive effects of Cr(VI)in Japanese medaka(Oryzias latipes)under acute and chronic exposures.Aquatic Toxicology,2016,171(suppl.C):59-68
[20]Chen H,Zeng X,Mu L,et al.Effects of acute andchronic exposures of fluoxetine on the Chinese fish,top-mouth gudgeonPseudorasbora parva.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,160:104-113
[21]Henry TB,Black MC.Acute and chronic toxicity of flu-oxetine(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)in Wes-tern mosquitofish.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008,54:325-330
[22]Delorenzo ME,Fleming J.Individual and mixture effectsof selected pharmaceuticals and personal care productson the marine phytoplankton speciesDunaliella tertiolecta.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008,54:203-210
[23]Li D,Chen Q,Cao J,et al.The chronic effects of lig-nin-derived bisphenol and bisphenol A in JapanesemedakaOryzias latipes.Aquatic Toxicology,2016,170(suppl.C):199-207
[24]Ishibashi H,Matsumura N,Hirano M,et al.Effects oftriclosan on the early life stages and reproduction ofmedakaOryzias latipesand induction of hepatic vitelloge-nin.Aquatic Toxicology,2004,67:167-179
[25]Latifi T,Forsatkar MN,Nematollahi MA.Reproductionand behavioral responses of convict cichlid,Amatitlania nigrofasciatato fluoxetine.Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Science,2015,10:111-120
[26]Li Z,Lu G,Yang X,et al.Single and combined effectsof selected pharmaceuticals at sublethal concentrationson multiple biomarkers inCarassius auratus.Ecotoxicology,2012,21:353-361
[27]Matozzo V,Formenti A,Donadello G,et al.A multi-biomarker approach to assess effects of triclosan in theclamRuditapes philippinarum.Marine Environmental Research,2012,74(suppl.C):40-46
[28]Burkina V,Zlabek V,Zamaratskaia G.Effects of phar-maceuticals present in aquatic environment on phase Imetabolism in fish.Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2015,40:430-444
[29]Fernandes D,Schnell S,Porte C.Can pharmaceuticalsinterfere with the synthesis of active androgens in malefish?Anin vitrostudy.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62:2250-2253
[30]Lister A,Regan C,Zwol JV,et al.Inhibition of eggproduction in zebrafish by fluoxetine and municipal efflu-ents:A mechanistic evaluation.Aquatic Toxicology,2009,95:320-329
[31]Feng T(冯涛),Zheng W-Y(郑微云),Hong W-S(洪万树),et al.Effect of benzo(a)pyrene on antioxi-dant enzyme activities inBoleophthalmus pectinirostris liver.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2001,12(3):422-424(in Chinese)
[32]Bhagat J,Ingole BS,Singh N.Glutathione S-transfe-rase,catalase,superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxi-dase,and lipid peroxidation as biomarkers of oxidativestress in snails:A review.Invertebrate Survival Journal,2016,13:336-349
[33]Liang X,Nie X,Ying G,et al.Assessment of toxiceffects of triclosan on the swordtail fish(Xiphophorus helleri)by a multi-biomarker approach.Chemosphere,2013,90:1281-1288
[34]Buhler DR,Williams DE.The role of biotransformationin the toxicity of chemicals.Aquatic Toxicology,1988,11(1):19-28
[35]Bainy ACD,Saito E,Carvalho PSM,et al.Oxidative stress in gill,erythrocytes,liver and kidney of Nile tila-pia(Oreochromis niloticus)from a polluted site.Aquatic Toxicology,1996,34:151-162
[36]Li LX,Chen HX,Bi R,et al.Bioaccumulation,sub-cellular distribution,and acute effects of chromium inJapanese medaka(Oryzias latipes).Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2015,34:2611-2617
[37]Hu J-J(胡君剑),Hu X-L(胡霞林),Yin D-Q(尹大强).The bioaccumulation and metabolism of pharma-ceuticals and personal care products in fish.Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology(生态毒理学报),2015,10(2):89-99(in Chinese)
[38]Zhang JF,Liu H,Sun YY,et al.Responses of theantioxidant defenses of the goldfishCarassius auratus,exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenol.Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2005,19:185-190
[39]Yang Y-B(杨永滨),Zheng M-H(郑明辉),Liu Z-T(刘征涛).Researching advancement of the dioxinstoxicology.Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology(生态毒理学报),2006,1(2):105-115(in Chinese)
[40]Ding J,Lu G,Li Y.Interactive effects of selected phar-maceutical mixtures on bioaccumulation and biochemicalstatus in crucian carp(Carassius auratus).Chemosphere,2016,148(suppl.C):21-31
[41]Wang Y(王悠),Tang X-X(唐学玺),Li Y-Q(李永祺),et al.Stimulation effect of anthracene on marinemicroalgae growth.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2002,13(3):343-346(in Chi-nese)
[42]Mennigen JA,Harris EA,Chang JP,et al.Fluoxetineaffects weight gain and expression of feeding peptides inthe female goldfish brain.Regulatory Peptides,2009,155:99-104
[2]Rivera-Utrilla J,S.nchez-Polo M,Ferro-García Má,et al.Pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants and theirremoval from water.A review.Chemosphere,2013,93:1268-1287
[3]Brausch JM,Rand GM.A review of personal care pro-ducts in the aquatic environment:Environmental con-centrations and toxicity.Chemosphere,2011,82:1518-1532
[4]Munari M,Marin MG,Matozzo V.Effects of the antide-pressant fluoxetine on the immune parameters and ace-tylcholinesterase activity of the clamVenerupis philippinarum.Marine Environmental Research,2014,94:32-37
[5]Gonzalez-Rey M,Bebianno MJ.Does selective serotoninreuptake inhibitor(SSRI)fluoxetine affects musselMytilus galloprovincialis?Environmental Pollution,2013,173(suppl.C):200-209
[6]Nakamura Y,Yamamoto H,Sekizawa J,et al.Theeffects of pH on fluoxetine in Japanese medaka(Oryzias latipes):Acute toxicity in fish larvae and bioaccumula-tion in juvenile fish.Chemosphere,2008,70:865-873
[7]Gaworecki KM,Klaine SJ.Behavioral and biochemicalresponses of hybrid striped bass during and after fluoxe-tine exposure.Aquatic Toxicology,2008,88:207-213
[8]Bedoux G,Roig B,Thomas O,et al.Occurrence andtoxicity of antimicrobial triclosan and by-products in theenvironment.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2012,19:1044-1065
[9]Oliveira R,Domingues I,Koppe Grisolia C,et al.Effects of triclosan on zebrafish early-life stages andadults.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2009,16:679-688
[10]Nassef M,Matsumoto S,Seki M,et al.Acute effects oftriclosan,diclofenac and carbamazepine on feeding per-formance of Japanese medaka fish(Oryzias latipes).Chemosphere,2010,80:1095-1100
[11]Karlsson MV,Marshall S,Gouin T,et al.Routes ofuptake of diclofenac,fluoxetine,and triclosan intosediment-dwelling worms.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2016,35:836-842
[12]Ford AT,Fong PP.The effects of antidepressants appear to be rapid and at environmentally relevant concentra-tions.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2015,35:1795-1809
[13]Winder V,Pennington P,Hurd M,et al.Fluoxetineeffects on sheepshead minnow(Cyprinodon variegatus)locomotor activity.Journal of Environmental Science&Health Part B,2012,47:51-58
[14]Chen T(陈涛),Zhang Y-L(张玉兰).The progresson biology and toxicology of topmouth gudgeon pseudo-rasbora parva.Fisheries Science(水产科学),2013,32(11):685-690(in Chinese)
[15]Ku P,Wu X,Nie X,et al.Effects of triclosan on thedetoxification system in the yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco):Expressions of CYP and GST genes andcorresponding enzyme activity in phase I,II and antioxi-dant system.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2014,166:105-114
[16]Chen H,Zha J,Yuan L,et al.Effects of fluoxetine onbehavior,antioxidant enzyme systems,and multixenobio-tic resistance in the Asian clamCorbicula fluminea.Chemosphere,2015,119:856-862
[17]Falisse E,Voisin A-S,Silvestre F.Impacts of triclosanexposure on zebrafish early-life stage:Toxicity andacclimation mechanisms.Aquatic Toxicology,2017,189(suppl.C):97-107
[18]Kwon JW,Armbrust KL.Laboratory persistence and fateof fluoxetine in aquatic environments.Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2006,25:2561-2568
[19]Chen H,Cao J,Li L,et al.Maternal transfer andreproductive effects of Cr(VI)in Japanese medaka(Oryzias latipes)under acute and chronic exposures.Aquatic Toxicology,2016,171(suppl.C):59-68
[20]Chen H,Zeng X,Mu L,et al.Effects of acute andchronic exposures of fluoxetine on the Chinese fish,top-mouth gudgeonPseudorasbora parva.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,160:104-113
[21]Henry TB,Black MC.Acute and chronic toxicity of flu-oxetine(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)in Wes-tern mosquitofish.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008,54:325-330
[22]Delorenzo ME,Fleming J.Individual and mixture effectsof selected pharmaceuticals and personal care productson the marine phytoplankton speciesDunaliella tertiolecta.Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2008,54:203-210
[23]Li D,Chen Q,Cao J,et al.The chronic effects of lig-nin-derived bisphenol and bisphenol A in JapanesemedakaOryzias latipes.Aquatic Toxicology,2016,170(suppl.C):199-207
[24]Ishibashi H,Matsumura N,Hirano M,et al.Effects oftriclosan on the early life stages and reproduction ofmedakaOryzias latipesand induction of hepatic vitelloge-nin.Aquatic Toxicology,2004,67:167-179
[25]Latifi T,Forsatkar MN,Nematollahi MA.Reproductionand behavioral responses of convict cichlid,Amatitlania nigrofasciatato fluoxetine.Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Science,2015,10:111-120
[26]Li Z,Lu G,Yang X,et al.Single and combined effectsof selected pharmaceuticals at sublethal concentrationson multiple biomarkers inCarassius auratus.Ecotoxicology,2012,21:353-361
[27]Matozzo V,Formenti A,Donadello G,et al.A multi-biomarker approach to assess effects of triclosan in theclamRuditapes philippinarum.Marine Environmental Research,2012,74(suppl.C):40-46
[28]Burkina V,Zlabek V,Zamaratskaia G.Effects of phar-maceuticals present in aquatic environment on phase Imetabolism in fish.Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2015,40:430-444
[29]Fernandes D,Schnell S,Porte C.Can pharmaceuticalsinterfere with the synthesis of active androgens in malefish?Anin vitrostudy.Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62:2250-2253
[30]Lister A,Regan C,Zwol JV,et al.Inhibition of eggproduction in zebrafish by fluoxetine and municipal efflu-ents:A mechanistic evaluation.Aquatic Toxicology,2009,95:320-329
[31]Feng T(冯涛),Zheng W-Y(郑微云),Hong W-S(洪万树),et al.Effect of benzo(a)pyrene on antioxi-dant enzyme activities inBoleophthalmus pectinirostris liver.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2001,12(3):422-424(in Chinese)
[32]Bhagat J,Ingole BS,Singh N.Glutathione S-transfe-rase,catalase,superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxi-dase,and lipid peroxidation as biomarkers of oxidativestress in snails:A review.Invertebrate Survival Journal,2016,13:336-349
[33]Liang X,Nie X,Ying G,et al.Assessment of toxiceffects of triclosan on the swordtail fish(Xiphophorus helleri)by a multi-biomarker approach.Chemosphere,2013,90:1281-1288
[34]Buhler DR,Williams DE.The role of biotransformationin the toxicity of chemicals.Aquatic Toxicology,1988,11(1):19-28
[35]Bainy ACD,Saito E,Carvalho PSM,et al.Oxidative stress in gill,erythrocytes,liver and kidney of Nile tila-pia(Oreochromis niloticus)from a polluted site.Aquatic Toxicology,1996,34:151-162
[36]Li LX,Chen HX,Bi R,et al.Bioaccumulation,sub-cellular distribution,and acute effects of chromium inJapanese medaka(Oryzias latipes).Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2015,34:2611-2617
[37]Hu J-J(胡君剑),Hu X-L(胡霞林),Yin D-Q(尹大强).The bioaccumulation and metabolism of pharma-ceuticals and personal care products in fish.Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology(生态毒理学报),2015,10(2):89-99(in Chinese)
[38]Zhang JF,Liu H,Sun YY,et al.Responses of theantioxidant defenses of the goldfishCarassius auratus,exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenol.Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2005,19:185-190
[39]Yang Y-B(杨永滨),Zheng M-H(郑明辉),Liu Z-T(刘征涛).Researching advancement of the dioxinstoxicology.Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology(生态毒理学报),2006,1(2):105-115(in Chinese)
[40]Ding J,Lu G,Li Y.Interactive effects of selected phar-maceutical mixtures on bioaccumulation and biochemicalstatus in crucian carp(Carassius auratus).Chemosphere,2016,148(suppl.C):21-31
[41]Wang Y(王悠),Tang X-X(唐学玺),Li Y-Q(李永祺),et al.Stimulation effect of anthracene on marinemicroalgae growth.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2002,13(3):343-346(in Chi-nese)
[42]Mennigen JA,Harris EA,Chang JP,et al.Fluoxetineaffects weight gain and expression of feeding peptides inthe female goldfish brain.Regulatory Peptides,2009,155:99-104