硒对水生生物双重生物效应的研究进展
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摘要
硒是动物体必需的微量元素,但是硒含量过高或过低均可对生物体产生有害效应.文章阐述了硒在生物体内硒蛋白、抗氧化、免疫系统中的有益性及作用机制;总结了硒对水生生物氧化胁迫、胚胎畸形发育、母体传递等毒性效应机制;讨论了影响硒双重生物效应的因素.通过综述近年来硒在水生生物体内(特别是鱼类)的双重生物效应,以及影响硒双重生物效应的关键因素等,进一步解析了硒在水生生物体内的累积、代谢、转化与复杂生物效应的关系,并为今后硒生物效应的深入研究和科学补硒提供依据.
Selenium( Se) is an essential element for animals at appropriate levels,but it can cause a variety of deleterious effects at too high or too low levels. In this review,the beneficial effects of Se on selenoproteins,antioxidant physiology and the immune system are addressed,and its toxic effects on aquatic organisms such as oxidative stress,developmental deformities and maternal transfer and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. In addition,the main factors potentially affecting its dual effects in aquatic organisms are summarized. This review covers both the beneficial and the detrimental effects of Se and the factors mediating these effects in aquatic organisms,especially in fish. It is aimed for better understanding of the bioaccumulation,metabolism and biotransformation of Se and the complex relationship between these processes and biological effects of Se in aquatic organisms. This will provide valuable information for further studies of the effects of Se in aquatic organisms and proper supplementation of Se for them.
Selenium( Se) is an essential element for animals at appropriate levels,but it can cause a variety of deleterious effects at too high or too low levels. In this review,the beneficial effects of Se on selenoproteins,antioxidant physiology and the immune system are addressed,and its toxic effects on aquatic organisms such as oxidative stress,developmental deformities and maternal transfer and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. In addition,the main factors potentially affecting its dual effects in aquatic organisms are summarized. This review covers both the beneficial and the detrimental effects of Se and the factors mediating these effects in aquatic organisms,especially in fish. It is aimed for better understanding of the bioaccumulation,metabolism and biotransformation of Se and the complex relationship between these processes and biological effects of Se in aquatic organisms. This will provide valuable information for further studies of the effects of Se in aquatic organisms and proper supplementation of Se for them.
引文
[1]SHINI S,SULTAN A,BRYDEN W L.Selenium biochemistry and bioavailability:implications for animal agriculture[J].Agriculture,2015,5(4):1277-1288.
[2]FAVORITO J E,EICK M J,GROSSL P R,et al.Selenium geochemistry in reclaimed phosphate mine soils and its relationship with plant bioavailability[J].Plant and Soil,2017,418(1/2):541-555.
[3]郭宝江,黄峙,刘学诗.硒的生物循环及含硒活性物质研究进展[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001(3):123-130.GUO B J,HUANG Z,LIU X S.Advances in research on biological cycle of Se and active Se-containing substances[J].Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2001(3):123-130.
[4]LEMLY A D.Symptoms and implications of selenium toxicity in fish:the Belews Lake case example[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2002,57(1/2):39-49.
[5]XIE L,WU X,CHEN H,et al.A low level of dietary selenium has both beneficial and toxic effects and is protective against Cd-toxicity in the least killifish Heterandria formosa[J].Chemosphere,2016,161:358-364.
[6]XIE L,WU X,CHEN H,et al.The bioaccumulation and effects of selenium in the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus via dissolved and dietary exposure routes[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2016,178:1-7.
[7]MA S,ZHOU Y,CHEN H,et al.Selenium accumulation and the effects on the liver of topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva exposed to dissolved inorganic selenium[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,160:240-248.
[8]MARIOTTI M,SANTESMASSES D,CAPELLA-GUTIER-REZ S,et al.Evolution of selenophosphate synthetases:emergence and relocation of function through independent duplications and recurrent subfunctionalization[J].Genome Research,2015,25(9):1256-1267.
[9]KRYUKOV G V,GLADYSHEV V N.Selenium metabolism in zebrafish:multiplicity of selenoprotein genes and expression of a protein containing 17 selenocysteine residues[J].Genes to Cells,2000,5(12):1049-1060.
[10]WHANGER P D.Selenoprotein expression and functionSelenoprotein W[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2009,1790(11):1448-1452.
[11]JURYNEC M J,XIA R,MACKRILL J J,et al.Selenoprotein N is required for ryanodine receptor calcium releasechannel activity in human and zebrafish muscle[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2008,105(34):12485-12490.
[12]AGUS H H,SUMER S,ERKOC F.Toxicity and molecular effects of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)on CYP1A,SOD,and GPx in Cyprinus carpio(common carp)[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(7):423-431.
[13]ARTHUR J R,MCKENZIE R C,BECKETT G J.Selenium in the immune system[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2003,133(5):1457S-1459S.
[14]BILLER-TAKAHASHI J D,TAKAHASHI L S,MINGAT-TO F E,et al.The immune system is limited by oxidative stress:dietary selenium promotes optimal antioxidative status and greatest immune defense in pacu piaractus mesopotamicus[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2015,47(1):360-367.
[15]JARQUE S,PIN A B.Deiodinases and thyroid metabolism disruption in teleost fish[J].Environmental Research,2014,135:361-375.
[16]梁萌青,王家林,常青,等.饲料中硒的添加水平对鲈鱼生长性能及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1017-1022.LIANG M Q,WANG J L,CHANG Q,et al.Effects of dietary Se on growth performance and activities of related enzymes in juvenile Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2006,13(6):1017-1022.
[17]关燕清,郭宝江.硒化藻蓝蛋白生物材料抗肝癌作用的研究[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001(3):40-44.GUAN Y Q,GUO B J.Inhibition activity of Se-containing phycocyanin immobilization biomaterial on proliferation of liver cancer cell 7402[J].Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2001(3):40-44.
[18]颜送贵,雷家祥.富硒鱼研究成功[J].湖南农业,2013(3):31.
[19]侯淑敏,问思恩,李寒松,等.陕西安康富硒地区鱼肉中硒含量分析[J].微量元素与健康研究,2014,31(1):30-31.HOU S M,WEN S E,LI H S,et al.The evaluation of Se levels in the muscle of fish in Ankang,Shanxi[J].Studies of Trace Elements and Health,2014,31(1):30-31.
[20]BLAZINA T,SUN Y,VOEGELIN A,et al.Terrestrial selenium distribution in China is potentially linked to monsoonal climate[J].Nature Communications,2014,5(6):4717-4723.
[21]WANG Z,GAO Y.Biogeochemical cycling of selenium in Chinese environments[J].Applied Geochemistry,2001,16(11/12):1345-1351.
[22]MUSCATELLO J R,JANZ D M.Selenium accumulation in aquatic biota downstream of a uranium mining and milling operation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407:1318-1325.
[23]HAMILTON S J.Review of selenium toxicity in the aquatic food chain[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,326:1-31.
[24]CONLEY J M,WATSON A T,XIE L,et al.Dynamic selenium assimilation,distribution,efflux,and maternal transfer in Japanese medaka fed a diet of Se-enriched mayflies[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(5):2971-2978.
[25]LEMLY A D.A teratogenic deformity index for evaluating impacts of selenium on fish populations[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1997,37(3):259-266.
[26]WELLS P G,MCCALLUM G P,CHEN C S,et al.Oxidative stress in developmental origins of disease:teratogenesis,neurodevelopmental deficits,and cancer[J].Toxicological Sciences,2009,108(1):4-18.
[27]ATENCIO L,MORENO I,JOS A,et al.Effects of dietary selenium on the oxidative stress and pathological changes in tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)exposed to a microcystin-producing cyanobacterial water bloom[J].Toxicon,2009,53(2):269-282.
[28]ARTEEL G E,SIES H.The biochemistry of selenium and the glutathione system[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2001,10(4):153-158.
[29]LI H,ZHANG J,WANG T,et al.Elemental selenium particles at nano-size(Nano-Se)are more toxic to Medaka(Oryzias latipes)as a consequence of hyper-accumulation of selenium:a comparison with sodium selenite[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2008,89(4):251-256.
[30]URSINI F,MAIORINO M,GREGOLIN C.The selenoenzyme phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1985,839(1):62-70.
[31]TEH S J,DENG X,DENG D F,et al.Chronic effects of dietary selenium on juvenile Sacramento splittail(Pogonichthys macrolepidotus)[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(22):6085-6093.
[32]ROMANO M,ROSANOVA P,ANTEO C,et al.Vertebrate yolk proteins:a review[J].Molecular Reproduction and Development,2004,69:109-116.
[33]LI D,CHEN Q,CAO J,et al.The chronic effects of ligninderived bisphenol and bisphenol A in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2016,170:199-207.
[34]ANDERSON K,PANKHURST N,KING H,et al.Effects of Gn RHa treatment during vitellogenesis on the reproductive physiology of thermally challenged female Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].PeerJ,2017,5(10):e3898.
[35]RINCHARD J,KESTEMONT P,HEINE R.Comparative study of reproductive biology in single and multiple-spawner cyprinid fish:II:sex steroid and plasma protein phosphorus concentrations[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1997,50(1):169-180.
[36]RUDOLPH B L,ANDRELLER I,KENNEDY C J.Reproductive success,early life stage development,and survival of westslope cutthroat trout(Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)exposed to elevated selenium in an area of active coal mining[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(8):3109-3114.
[37]ADEYEMI J A,da CUNHA MARTINS-JUNIOR A D C,BARBOSA JR F.Teratogenicity,genotoxicity and oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos(Danio rerio)co-exposed to arsenic and atrazine[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2015,172:7-12.
[38]HOLM J,PALACE V,SIWIK P,et al.Developmental effects of bioaccumulated selenium in eggs and larvae of two salmonid species[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2005,24(9):2373-2381.
[39]STROUD J L,MCGRATH S P,ZHAO F J.Selenium speciation in soil extracts using LC-ICP-MS[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,2012,92(2):222-236.
[40]WINKEL L,FELDMANN J,MEHARG A A.Quantitative and qualitative trapping of volatile methylated selenium species entrained through nitric acid[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,44(1):382-387.
[41]CUTTER G A,CUTTER L S.Selenium biogeochemistry in the San Francisco Bay estuary:changes in water column behavior[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,61(3):463-476.
[42]BERNTSSEN M,SUNDAL T,OLSVIK P,et al.Sensitivity and toxic mode of action of dietary organic and inorganic selenium in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2017,192:116-126.
[43]SKALICKOVA S,MILOSAVLJEVIC V,CIHALOVA K,et al.Selenium nanoparticles as a nutritional supplement[J].Nutrition,2017,33:83-90.
[44]KUCUKBAY F,YAZLAK H,KARACA I,et al.The effects of dietary organic or inorganic selenium in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)under crowding conditions[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2009,15(6):569-576.
[45]魏文志,杨志强,罗方妮,等.饲料中添加有机硒对异育银鲫生长的影响[J].淡水渔业,2001,31(3):45-46.WEI W Z,YANG Z Q,LUO F N,et al.The effects of dietary organic selenium on the growth of Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2001,31(3):45-46.
[46]WANG C,LOVELL R T,KLESIUS P H.Response to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge by channel catfish fed organic and inorganic sources of selenium[J].Journal of Aquatic Animal Health,1997,9(3):172-179.
[47]COVINGTON S M,NADDY R B,PROUTY A L,et al.Effects of in situ selenium exposure and maternal transfer on survival and deformities of brown trout(Salmo trutta)fry[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2018,37(5):1396-1408.
[48]BJ?RKLUND G,AASETH J,AJSUVAKOVA O P,et al.Molecular interaction between mercury and selenium in neurotoxicity[J].Coordination Chemistry Reviews,2017,332:30-37.
[49]穆磊,吴星,陈红星,等.硒预暴露对夹杂带丝蚓铜累积及毒性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2282-2288.MU L,WU X,CHEN H X,et al.Effects of pre-exposure to selenium on the accumulation and toxicity of copper in Lumbriculus variegatus[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(8):2282-2288.
[50]KHAN M A,WANG F.Mercury-selenium compounds and their toxicological significance:toward a molecular understanding of the mercury-selenium antagonism[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2009,28(8):1567-1577.
[51]SUN H J,RATHINASABAPATHI B,WU B,et al.Arsenic and selenium toxicity and their interactive effects in humans[J].Environment International,2014,69:148-158.
[2]FAVORITO J E,EICK M J,GROSSL P R,et al.Selenium geochemistry in reclaimed phosphate mine soils and its relationship with plant bioavailability[J].Plant and Soil,2017,418(1/2):541-555.
[3]郭宝江,黄峙,刘学诗.硒的生物循环及含硒活性物质研究进展[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001(3):123-130.GUO B J,HUANG Z,LIU X S.Advances in research on biological cycle of Se and active Se-containing substances[J].Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2001(3):123-130.
[4]LEMLY A D.Symptoms and implications of selenium toxicity in fish:the Belews Lake case example[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2002,57(1/2):39-49.
[5]XIE L,WU X,CHEN H,et al.A low level of dietary selenium has both beneficial and toxic effects and is protective against Cd-toxicity in the least killifish Heterandria formosa[J].Chemosphere,2016,161:358-364.
[6]XIE L,WU X,CHEN H,et al.The bioaccumulation and effects of selenium in the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus via dissolved and dietary exposure routes[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2016,178:1-7.
[7]MA S,ZHOU Y,CHEN H,et al.Selenium accumulation and the effects on the liver of topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva exposed to dissolved inorganic selenium[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,160:240-248.
[8]MARIOTTI M,SANTESMASSES D,CAPELLA-GUTIER-REZ S,et al.Evolution of selenophosphate synthetases:emergence and relocation of function through independent duplications and recurrent subfunctionalization[J].Genome Research,2015,25(9):1256-1267.
[9]KRYUKOV G V,GLADYSHEV V N.Selenium metabolism in zebrafish:multiplicity of selenoprotein genes and expression of a protein containing 17 selenocysteine residues[J].Genes to Cells,2000,5(12):1049-1060.
[10]WHANGER P D.Selenoprotein expression and functionSelenoprotein W[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2009,1790(11):1448-1452.
[11]JURYNEC M J,XIA R,MACKRILL J J,et al.Selenoprotein N is required for ryanodine receptor calcium releasechannel activity in human and zebrafish muscle[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2008,105(34):12485-12490.
[12]AGUS H H,SUMER S,ERKOC F.Toxicity and molecular effects of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP)on CYP1A,SOD,and GPx in Cyprinus carpio(common carp)[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(7):423-431.
[13]ARTHUR J R,MCKENZIE R C,BECKETT G J.Selenium in the immune system[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2003,133(5):1457S-1459S.
[14]BILLER-TAKAHASHI J D,TAKAHASHI L S,MINGAT-TO F E,et al.The immune system is limited by oxidative stress:dietary selenium promotes optimal antioxidative status and greatest immune defense in pacu piaractus mesopotamicus[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2015,47(1):360-367.
[15]JARQUE S,PIN A B.Deiodinases and thyroid metabolism disruption in teleost fish[J].Environmental Research,2014,135:361-375.
[16]梁萌青,王家林,常青,等.饲料中硒的添加水平对鲈鱼生长性能及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(6):1017-1022.LIANG M Q,WANG J L,CHANG Q,et al.Effects of dietary Se on growth performance and activities of related enzymes in juvenile Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2006,13(6):1017-1022.
[17]关燕清,郭宝江.硒化藻蓝蛋白生物材料抗肝癌作用的研究[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001(3):40-44.GUAN Y Q,GUO B J.Inhibition activity of Se-containing phycocyanin immobilization biomaterial on proliferation of liver cancer cell 7402[J].Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2001(3):40-44.
[18]颜送贵,雷家祥.富硒鱼研究成功[J].湖南农业,2013(3):31.
[19]侯淑敏,问思恩,李寒松,等.陕西安康富硒地区鱼肉中硒含量分析[J].微量元素与健康研究,2014,31(1):30-31.HOU S M,WEN S E,LI H S,et al.The evaluation of Se levels in the muscle of fish in Ankang,Shanxi[J].Studies of Trace Elements and Health,2014,31(1):30-31.
[20]BLAZINA T,SUN Y,VOEGELIN A,et al.Terrestrial selenium distribution in China is potentially linked to monsoonal climate[J].Nature Communications,2014,5(6):4717-4723.
[21]WANG Z,GAO Y.Biogeochemical cycling of selenium in Chinese environments[J].Applied Geochemistry,2001,16(11/12):1345-1351.
[22]MUSCATELLO J R,JANZ D M.Selenium accumulation in aquatic biota downstream of a uranium mining and milling operation[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407:1318-1325.
[23]HAMILTON S J.Review of selenium toxicity in the aquatic food chain[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,326:1-31.
[24]CONLEY J M,WATSON A T,XIE L,et al.Dynamic selenium assimilation,distribution,efflux,and maternal transfer in Japanese medaka fed a diet of Se-enriched mayflies[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(5):2971-2978.
[25]LEMLY A D.A teratogenic deformity index for evaluating impacts of selenium on fish populations[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,1997,37(3):259-266.
[26]WELLS P G,MCCALLUM G P,CHEN C S,et al.Oxidative stress in developmental origins of disease:teratogenesis,neurodevelopmental deficits,and cancer[J].Toxicological Sciences,2009,108(1):4-18.
[27]ATENCIO L,MORENO I,JOS A,et al.Effects of dietary selenium on the oxidative stress and pathological changes in tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)exposed to a microcystin-producing cyanobacterial water bloom[J].Toxicon,2009,53(2):269-282.
[28]ARTEEL G E,SIES H.The biochemistry of selenium and the glutathione system[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2001,10(4):153-158.
[29]LI H,ZHANG J,WANG T,et al.Elemental selenium particles at nano-size(Nano-Se)are more toxic to Medaka(Oryzias latipes)as a consequence of hyper-accumulation of selenium:a comparison with sodium selenite[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2008,89(4):251-256.
[30]URSINI F,MAIORINO M,GREGOLIN C.The selenoenzyme phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,1985,839(1):62-70.
[31]TEH S J,DENG X,DENG D F,et al.Chronic effects of dietary selenium on juvenile Sacramento splittail(Pogonichthys macrolepidotus)[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(22):6085-6093.
[32]ROMANO M,ROSANOVA P,ANTEO C,et al.Vertebrate yolk proteins:a review[J].Molecular Reproduction and Development,2004,69:109-116.
[33]LI D,CHEN Q,CAO J,et al.The chronic effects of ligninderived bisphenol and bisphenol A in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2016,170:199-207.
[34]ANDERSON K,PANKHURST N,KING H,et al.Effects of Gn RHa treatment during vitellogenesis on the reproductive physiology of thermally challenged female Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].PeerJ,2017,5(10):e3898.
[35]RINCHARD J,KESTEMONT P,HEINE R.Comparative study of reproductive biology in single and multiple-spawner cyprinid fish:II:sex steroid and plasma protein phosphorus concentrations[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1997,50(1):169-180.
[36]RUDOLPH B L,ANDRELLER I,KENNEDY C J.Reproductive success,early life stage development,and survival of westslope cutthroat trout(Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)exposed to elevated selenium in an area of active coal mining[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(8):3109-3114.
[37]ADEYEMI J A,da CUNHA MARTINS-JUNIOR A D C,BARBOSA JR F.Teratogenicity,genotoxicity and oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos(Danio rerio)co-exposed to arsenic and atrazine[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2015,172:7-12.
[38]HOLM J,PALACE V,SIWIK P,et al.Developmental effects of bioaccumulated selenium in eggs and larvae of two salmonid species[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2005,24(9):2373-2381.
[39]STROUD J L,MCGRATH S P,ZHAO F J.Selenium speciation in soil extracts using LC-ICP-MS[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,2012,92(2):222-236.
[40]WINKEL L,FELDMANN J,MEHARG A A.Quantitative and qualitative trapping of volatile methylated selenium species entrained through nitric acid[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,44(1):382-387.
[41]CUTTER G A,CUTTER L S.Selenium biogeochemistry in the San Francisco Bay estuary:changes in water column behavior[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2004,61(3):463-476.
[42]BERNTSSEN M,SUNDAL T,OLSVIK P,et al.Sensitivity and toxic mode of action of dietary organic and inorganic selenium in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2017,192:116-126.
[43]SKALICKOVA S,MILOSAVLJEVIC V,CIHALOVA K,et al.Selenium nanoparticles as a nutritional supplement[J].Nutrition,2017,33:83-90.
[44]KUCUKBAY F,YAZLAK H,KARACA I,et al.The effects of dietary organic or inorganic selenium in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)under crowding conditions[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2009,15(6):569-576.
[45]魏文志,杨志强,罗方妮,等.饲料中添加有机硒对异育银鲫生长的影响[J].淡水渔业,2001,31(3):45-46.WEI W Z,YANG Z Q,LUO F N,et al.The effects of dietary organic selenium on the growth of Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2001,31(3):45-46.
[46]WANG C,LOVELL R T,KLESIUS P H.Response to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge by channel catfish fed organic and inorganic sources of selenium[J].Journal of Aquatic Animal Health,1997,9(3):172-179.
[47]COVINGTON S M,NADDY R B,PROUTY A L,et al.Effects of in situ selenium exposure and maternal transfer on survival and deformities of brown trout(Salmo trutta)fry[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2018,37(5):1396-1408.
[48]BJ?RKLUND G,AASETH J,AJSUVAKOVA O P,et al.Molecular interaction between mercury and selenium in neurotoxicity[J].Coordination Chemistry Reviews,2017,332:30-37.
[49]穆磊,吴星,陈红星,等.硒预暴露对夹杂带丝蚓铜累积及毒性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2282-2288.MU L,WU X,CHEN H X,et al.Effects of pre-exposure to selenium on the accumulation and toxicity of copper in Lumbriculus variegatus[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(8):2282-2288.
[50]KHAN M A,WANG F.Mercury-selenium compounds and their toxicological significance:toward a molecular understanding of the mercury-selenium antagonism[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2009,28(8):1567-1577.
[51]SUN H J,RATHINASABAPATHI B,WU B,et al.Arsenic and selenium toxicity and their interactive effects in humans[J].Environment International,2014,69:148-158.