残粒脂蛋白胆固醇与冠状动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究进展
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摘要
<正>低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)已被证实为动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)的一个危险因素~([1])。几十年来,包括他汀类药物、依折麦布等的降低低密度脂蛋白(LDL)疗法已被引入临床,并有助于改善患者预后。除LDL-C外,富含甘油三酯的残粒脂蛋白(RLP)也被认为是ASCVD的重要致病危险因素,通常被认为是LDL经治疗达标患者的主要残留风险之一。然而,RLP目前
引文
[1]Varbo A,Benn M,Nordestgaard B G.Remnant cholesterol as a cause of ischemic heart disease:evidence,definition,measurement,atherogenicity,high risk patients,and present and future treatment[J].Pharmacol Ther,2014,141(3):358-367.
[2]Zeng R X,Li S,Zhang M Z,et al.Remnant cholesterol predicts periprocedural myocardial injury following percutaneous coronary intervention in poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes[J].J Cardiol,2017,70(2):113-120.
[3]Varbo A,Nordestgaard B G.Remnant lipoproteins[J].Current Opinion in Lipidology,2017,28(4):300-307.
[4]Chandra R,Mellis B,Garza K,et al.Remnant lipoprotein size distribution profiling via dynamic light scattering analysis[J].Clin Chim Acta,2016,462:6-14.
[5]Chappell D A,Medh J D.Receptor-mediated mechanisms of lipoprotein remnant catabolism[J].Prog Lipid Res,1998,37(6):393-422.
[6]Nordestgaard B G.Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease:new insights from epidemiology,genetics,and biology[J].Circ Res,2016,118(4):547-563.
[7]Oda H,Yorioka N,Okushin S,et al.Remnant-like particle cholesterol may indicate atherogenic risk in patients on chronic hemodialysis[J].Nephron,1997,76(1):7-14.
[8]Nordestgaard B G,Benn M,Schnohr P,et al.Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction,ischemic heart disease,and death in men and women[J].JAMA,2007,298(3):299-308.
[9]Kishi K,Ochiai K,Ohta Y,et al.Highly sensitive cholesterol assay with enzymatic cycling applied to measurement of remnant lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum[J].Clin Chem,2002,48(5):737-741.
[10]Varbo A,Benn M,Tybjaerg-Hansen A,et al.Elevated remnant cholesterol causes both low-grade inflammation and ischemic heart disease,whereas elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol causes ischemic heart disease without inflammation[J].Circulation,2013,128(12):1298-1309.
[11]Batt K V,Avella M,Moore E H,et al.Differential effects of low-density lipoprotein and chylomicron remnants on lipid accumulation in human macrophages[J].Exp Biol Med(Maywood),2004,229(6):528-537.
[12]Nordestgaard B G,Nielsen L B.Atherosclerosis and arterial influx of lipoproteins[J].Curr Opin Lipidol,1994,5(4):252-257.
[13]汪俊军,封小美,张春妮.乳糜微粒和极低密度脂蛋白代谢残粒与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2003,11(z1):681-684.
[14]Nordestgaard B G,Tybjaerg-Hansen A,Lewis B.Influx in vivo of low density,intermediate density,and very low density lipoproteins into aortic intimas of genetically hyperlipidemic rabbits.Roles of plasma concentrations,extent of aortic lesion,and lipoprotein particle size as determinants[J].Arterioscler Thromb,1992,12(1):6-18.
[15]Nordestgaard B G,Wootton R,Lewis B.Selective retention of VLDL,IDL,and LDL in the arterial intima of genetically hyperlipidemic rabbits in vivo.Molecular size as a determinant of fractional loss from the intima-inner media[J].Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,1995,15(4):534-542.
[16]Takahashi S,Sakai J,Fujino T,et al.The very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL)receptor:characterization and functions as a peripheral lipoprotein receptor[J].J Atheroscler Thromb,2004,11(4):200-208.
[17]Brown M L,Ramprasad M P,Umeda P K,et al.A macrophage receptor for apolipoprotein B48:cloning,expression,and atherosclerosis[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2000,97(13):7488-7493.
[18]Varbo A,Freiberg J J,Nordestgaard B G.Extreme nonfasting remnant cholesterol vs extreme LDL cholesterol as contributors to cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in 90000 individuals from the general population[J].Clin Chem,2015,61(3):533-543.
[19]Rizzo M,Berneis K.The clinical significance of the size of low-density-lipoproteins and the modulation of subclasses by fibrates[J].Curr Med Res Opin,2007,23(5):1103-1111.
[20]Tada H,Kawashiri M A,Nohara A,et al.Remnant-like particles and coronary artery disease in familial hypercholesterolemia[J].Clin Chim Acta,2018,482:120-123.
[21]Varbo A,Benn M,Tybjaerg-Hansen A,et al.Elevated remnant cholesterol causes both low-grade inflammation and ischemic heart disease,whereas elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol causes ischemic heart disease without inflammation[J].Circulation,2013,128(12):1298-1309.
[22]Xiao C T,Dash S,Morgantini C,et al.Pharmacological targeting of the atherogenic dyslipidemia complex:the next frontier in CVD prevention beyond lowering LDL cholesterol[J].Diabetes,2016,65(7):1767-1778.
[23]Miller P E,Martin S S,Joshi P H,et al.Pitavastatin 4 mg provides significantly greater reduction in remnant lipoprotein cholesterol compared with pravastatin 40 mg:results from the short-term phase IV PREVAIL US trial in patients with primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia[J].Clin Ther,2016,38(3):603-609.
[24]Tsujita K,Yamanaga K,Komura N,et al.Lipid profile associated with coronary plaque regression in patients with acute coronary syndrome:Subanalysis of PRECISE-IVUS trial[J].Atherosclerosis,2016,251:367-372.
[25]Würtz P,Wang Q,Soininen P,et al.Metabolomic profiling of statin use and genetic inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2016,67(10):1200-1210.
[26]Ballantyne C M,Bays H E,Philip S,et al.Icosapent ethyl(eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester):Effects on remnant-like particle cholesterol from the MARINE and ANCHOR studies[J].Atherosclerosis,2016,253:81-87.
[27]Toth P P,Hamon S C,Jones S R,et al.Effect of alirocumab on specific lipoprotein non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and subfractions as measured by the vertical auto profile method:analysis of 3 randomized trials versus placebo[J].Lipids Health Dis,2016,15:28.
[28]Jorgensen A B,Frikke-Schmidt R,Nordestgaard B G,et al.Loss-of-function mutations in APOC3 and risk of ischemic vascular disease[J].N Engl J Med,2014,371(1):32-41.
[29]Casula M,Soranna D,Catapano A L,et al.Long-term effect of high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for secondary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes:A meta-analysis of randomized,placebo controlled trials[corrected][J].Atheroscler Suppl,2013,14(2):243-251.
[30]杜晓,张诗岚,刘玲.残粒脂蛋白胆固醇与冠心病[J].中华心血管病杂志,2016,44(8):657-660.
[2]Zeng R X,Li S,Zhang M Z,et al.Remnant cholesterol predicts periprocedural myocardial injury following percutaneous coronary intervention in poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes[J].J Cardiol,2017,70(2):113-120.
[3]Varbo A,Nordestgaard B G.Remnant lipoproteins[J].Current Opinion in Lipidology,2017,28(4):300-307.
[4]Chandra R,Mellis B,Garza K,et al.Remnant lipoprotein size distribution profiling via dynamic light scattering analysis[J].Clin Chim Acta,2016,462:6-14.
[5]Chappell D A,Medh J D.Receptor-mediated mechanisms of lipoprotein remnant catabolism[J].Prog Lipid Res,1998,37(6):393-422.
[6]Nordestgaard B G.Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease:new insights from epidemiology,genetics,and biology[J].Circ Res,2016,118(4):547-563.
[7]Oda H,Yorioka N,Okushin S,et al.Remnant-like particle cholesterol may indicate atherogenic risk in patients on chronic hemodialysis[J].Nephron,1997,76(1):7-14.
[8]Nordestgaard B G,Benn M,Schnohr P,et al.Nonfasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction,ischemic heart disease,and death in men and women[J].JAMA,2007,298(3):299-308.
[9]Kishi K,Ochiai K,Ohta Y,et al.Highly sensitive cholesterol assay with enzymatic cycling applied to measurement of remnant lipoprotein-cholesterol in serum[J].Clin Chem,2002,48(5):737-741.
[10]Varbo A,Benn M,Tybjaerg-Hansen A,et al.Elevated remnant cholesterol causes both low-grade inflammation and ischemic heart disease,whereas elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol causes ischemic heart disease without inflammation[J].Circulation,2013,128(12):1298-1309.
[11]Batt K V,Avella M,Moore E H,et al.Differential effects of low-density lipoprotein and chylomicron remnants on lipid accumulation in human macrophages[J].Exp Biol Med(Maywood),2004,229(6):528-537.
[12]Nordestgaard B G,Nielsen L B.Atherosclerosis and arterial influx of lipoproteins[J].Curr Opin Lipidol,1994,5(4):252-257.
[13]汪俊军,封小美,张春妮.乳糜微粒和极低密度脂蛋白代谢残粒与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2003,11(z1):681-684.
[14]Nordestgaard B G,Tybjaerg-Hansen A,Lewis B.Influx in vivo of low density,intermediate density,and very low density lipoproteins into aortic intimas of genetically hyperlipidemic rabbits.Roles of plasma concentrations,extent of aortic lesion,and lipoprotein particle size as determinants[J].Arterioscler Thromb,1992,12(1):6-18.
[15]Nordestgaard B G,Wootton R,Lewis B.Selective retention of VLDL,IDL,and LDL in the arterial intima of genetically hyperlipidemic rabbits in vivo.Molecular size as a determinant of fractional loss from the intima-inner media[J].Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,1995,15(4):534-542.
[16]Takahashi S,Sakai J,Fujino T,et al.The very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL)receptor:characterization and functions as a peripheral lipoprotein receptor[J].J Atheroscler Thromb,2004,11(4):200-208.
[17]Brown M L,Ramprasad M P,Umeda P K,et al.A macrophage receptor for apolipoprotein B48:cloning,expression,and atherosclerosis[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2000,97(13):7488-7493.
[18]Varbo A,Freiberg J J,Nordestgaard B G.Extreme nonfasting remnant cholesterol vs extreme LDL cholesterol as contributors to cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in 90000 individuals from the general population[J].Clin Chem,2015,61(3):533-543.
[19]Rizzo M,Berneis K.The clinical significance of the size of low-density-lipoproteins and the modulation of subclasses by fibrates[J].Curr Med Res Opin,2007,23(5):1103-1111.
[20]Tada H,Kawashiri M A,Nohara A,et al.Remnant-like particles and coronary artery disease in familial hypercholesterolemia[J].Clin Chim Acta,2018,482:120-123.
[21]Varbo A,Benn M,Tybjaerg-Hansen A,et al.Elevated remnant cholesterol causes both low-grade inflammation and ischemic heart disease,whereas elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol causes ischemic heart disease without inflammation[J].Circulation,2013,128(12):1298-1309.
[22]Xiao C T,Dash S,Morgantini C,et al.Pharmacological targeting of the atherogenic dyslipidemia complex:the next frontier in CVD prevention beyond lowering LDL cholesterol[J].Diabetes,2016,65(7):1767-1778.
[23]Miller P E,Martin S S,Joshi P H,et al.Pitavastatin 4 mg provides significantly greater reduction in remnant lipoprotein cholesterol compared with pravastatin 40 mg:results from the short-term phase IV PREVAIL US trial in patients with primary hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia[J].Clin Ther,2016,38(3):603-609.
[24]Tsujita K,Yamanaga K,Komura N,et al.Lipid profile associated with coronary plaque regression in patients with acute coronary syndrome:Subanalysis of PRECISE-IVUS trial[J].Atherosclerosis,2016,251:367-372.
[25]Würtz P,Wang Q,Soininen P,et al.Metabolomic profiling of statin use and genetic inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2016,67(10):1200-1210.
[26]Ballantyne C M,Bays H E,Philip S,et al.Icosapent ethyl(eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester):Effects on remnant-like particle cholesterol from the MARINE and ANCHOR studies[J].Atherosclerosis,2016,253:81-87.
[27]Toth P P,Hamon S C,Jones S R,et al.Effect of alirocumab on specific lipoprotein non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and subfractions as measured by the vertical auto profile method:analysis of 3 randomized trials versus placebo[J].Lipids Health Dis,2016,15:28.
[28]Jorgensen A B,Frikke-Schmidt R,Nordestgaard B G,et al.Loss-of-function mutations in APOC3 and risk of ischemic vascular disease[J].N Engl J Med,2014,371(1):32-41.
[29]Casula M,Soranna D,Catapano A L,et al.Long-term effect of high dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for secondary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes:A meta-analysis of randomized,placebo controlled trials[corrected][J].Atheroscler Suppl,2013,14(2):243-251.
[30]杜晓,张诗岚,刘玲.残粒脂蛋白胆固醇与冠心病[J].中华心血管病杂志,2016,44(8):657-660.