涡轮增压器用无铅止推轴承材料摩擦学性能研究
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摘要
针对涡轮增压器用止推轴承材料的无铅化,采用粉末冶金工艺分别制备Cu Sn6.5P0.1无铅和Cu Sn10Pb10含铅止推轴承材料,并对比研究2种材料的微观组织结构及油润滑和乏油条件下材料的摩擦学性能。结果表明:微观组织结构上,Cu Sn6.5P0.1区别于Cu Sn10Pb10的硬基体(Cu合金基体)+软相(Pb)"两相"组织,呈"单相"组织;Cu Sn6.5P0.1的力学性能要优于Cu Sn10Pb10;在油润滑条件下,Cu Sn6.5P0.1和Cu Sn10Pb10的摩擦学性能基本一致,在乏油润滑条件下,Cu Sn6.5P0.1的摩擦因数更加平稳;乏油润滑条件下Cu Sn10Pb10形成了富Pb和Fe的润滑膜使摩擦因数保持平稳,Cu Sn6.5P0.1则形成Fe氧化物膜保证材料稳定的摩擦因数。Cu Sn6.5P0.1材料各项性能相当或优于Cu Sn10Pb10,满足涡轮增压器用止推轴承材料的无铅化要求。
According to the lead-free of thrust bearing material for the turbocharger lead-free Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 and leadcontaining Cu Sn10 Pb10 thrust bearing materials were prepared by powder metallurgy process. Microstructures and tribological properties of two materials under oil-lubricated and oil lack condition were comparatively investigated. The results show that Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 is consisted of single phase instead of two phases in Cu Sn10 Pb10,which is composed of hard matrix(Cu-Sn matrix) and soft phase( Pb). The mechanical property of Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 is better than that of Cu Sn10 Pb10. Variation of friction curves of two materials under oil lubrication almost keep consistent. The stability of Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 is better under oil lack condition. The stability of these materials could be remained due to generation of friction filmsunder oil lack condition. Cu Sn10 Pb10 friction film was mainly composed of Pb and Fe,and iron oxide film formed Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 friction film. As a consequence,Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 material the performance is comparable or superior to Cu Sn10 Pb10,which can meet operating requirements thrust bearing materials for turbochargers.
According to the lead-free of thrust bearing material for the turbocharger lead-free Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 and leadcontaining Cu Sn10 Pb10 thrust bearing materials were prepared by powder metallurgy process. Microstructures and tribological properties of two materials under oil-lubricated and oil lack condition were comparatively investigated. The results show that Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 is consisted of single phase instead of two phases in Cu Sn10 Pb10,which is composed of hard matrix(Cu-Sn matrix) and soft phase( Pb). The mechanical property of Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 is better than that of Cu Sn10 Pb10. Variation of friction curves of two materials under oil lubrication almost keep consistent. The stability of Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 is better under oil lack condition. The stability of these materials could be remained due to generation of friction filmsunder oil lack condition. Cu Sn10 Pb10 friction film was mainly composed of Pb and Fe,and iron oxide film formed Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 friction film. As a consequence,Cu Sn6. 5 P0. 1 material the performance is comparable or superior to Cu Sn10 Pb10,which can meet operating requirements thrust bearing materials for turbochargers.
引文
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[2]张年龙,孙志平,罗文严,等.车用增压器涡轮的研究进展[J].齐鲁工业大学学报,2016,30(1):55-59.ZHANG N L,SUN Z P,LUO W Y,et al.The current status of study on vehicle turbocharger turbine[J].Journal of Qilu University of Technology,2016,30(1):55-59.
[3]何洪,徐华,张俊跃,等.增压器轴向力测量及止推轴承优化设计研究[J].铁道机车车辆,2003,23(1):170-172.HE H,XU H,ZHANG J Y,et al.Research on axial force measuration and optimum design for thrust bearing of a turbocharger[J].Railyway Locommotive&Car,2003,23(1):170-172.
[4]ZORPAS A A,INGLEZAKIS V J.Automotive industry challenges in meeting EU 2015 environmental standard[J].Technology in Society,2012,34(1):55-83.
[5]丁莉,姚萍屏,樊坤阳,等.铝代铅新型铜基自润滑材料的摩擦磨损性能[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2011,16(4):487-491.DING L,YAO P P,FAN K Y,et al.Friction and wear properties of copper matrix self-lubrication composites without Pb[J].Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy,2011,16(4):487-491.
[6]WALKER R,AUFISCHER R,MERGEN R,et al.Advantages and limitations lead-free bearing materials[C]//Proceedings of ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference.AACHEN:ASME,2006:735-740.
[7]HU D C,CHEN M H.Dynamic tensile properties and deformation mechanism of C5191 phosphor bronze[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2017,46(6):1518-1523.
[8]王蕾,胡道春.介观尺度磷青铜薄板韧性断裂和变形行为的尺寸效应[J].中国机械工程,2017,28(8):983-990.WANG L,HU D C.Size effects of deformation behavior and ductile fractures in meso-scale thin sheet metal of phosphor bronze[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,28(8):983-990.
[9]刘慧慧,王欣,欧阳金栋,等.C5210磷青铜薄板微弯曲回弹的尺寸效应[J].机械工程材料,2017,41(7):29-33.LIU H H,WANG X,OUYANG J D,et al.Size effects of microbending spring-back for C5210 phosphor bronze[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2017,41(7):29-33.
[10]程镇康.锡磷青铜带生产技术的发展和几个关键问题的评述[C]//2004年全国高精度铜带及电子工业用铜材技术与应用研讨会论文集.慈溪:中国电子材料行业协会,2004:16-23.
[11]ZHANG Y Q,XU X Q,YANG X D,et al.Analysis on influence of oil film thickness on temperature field of heavy hydrostatic bearing in variable viscosity condition[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011,239:1418-1421.
[12]KAMAL M,EL-BEDIWI A,LASHIN A R,et al.Copper effects in mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Sn-Pb-Sb Babbitt bearing alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering,A,2011,530:327-332.
[13]GONG T,YAO P,XIAO Y,et al.Wear map for a copper-based friction clutch material under oil lubrication[J].Wear,2015,328:270-276.