塔中北坡走滑断裂成因机理与油气成藏
|
摘要
塔中北坡发育一系列NE向走滑断裂。为了揭示走滑断裂形成机理及其对油气成藏的影响,在对走滑断裂几何学样式详细解析的基础上,运用物理模拟方法对塔中北坡NE向走滑断裂的演化过程进行了模拟。结果表明,在单一应力状态下,由于差异推挤和基底剪切共同作用,走滑断裂在平面和剖面上发育了不同的样式,沿断裂走向具有分段性特征。结合构造背景分析,认为塔中北坡走滑断裂成因机理受控于两种因素,即由于塔中Ⅰ号断裂带存在分段性,在加里东末期—海西早期北东向应力场作用下,使塔中隆起对北坡形成强度差异的推挤作用;其次,塔中北坡NE向基底断裂活动造成基底剪切作用,拖动上覆上奥陶统、志留系、泥盆系在左行力偶下运动。NE向走滑断裂的存在对塔中北坡油气成藏具有一定贡献:一方面走滑断裂会诱导高角度构造裂缝发育,从而沟通了储集空间,另一方面,走滑断裂的活动为塔中北坡多层系立体成藏提供了便利。
A series of NE trending strike-slip faults developed in northern sloped of Tazhong area. In order to unravel the forming mechanism and its implication on hydrocarbon accumulation of strike-slip faults,detailed analysis upon geometric styles of strike-slip faults was performed,and the evolutional process of NE trending slip-faults in northern Tazhong area was simulated by using physical analogue model method. The results show that development of different planar and sectional structural styles of strike-slip faults is induced by differential pushing and basement shear effect under simple contractional stress field. Segmentation of characteristics is also observed along faults trending. It is concluded by physical analogue results integrated with structural background analysis that the forming mechanism of strike-slip faults in northern slope of Tazhong area was controlled by two factors. Firstly,the segmentation of Tazhong I fault gave the northern slope of Tazhong area a differential pushing stress in NE direction at the late Caledonian-early Hercynian. Secondly,NE trending basement faults activity in northern Tazhong area resulted in basement shear effect,which drag overlying upper Ordovician,Silurian,Devonian strata sinistrally. The existence of NE trending strike-slip faults contribute to hydrocarbon accumulation in northern slope of Tazhong area. On the one hand,high-angle structural faults development induced by strikeslip faults connects reservoir sections. On the other hand,faulting of strike-slip facilitates multi-layers hydrocarbon accumulation in northern slope of Tazhong area.
A series of NE trending strike-slip faults developed in northern sloped of Tazhong area. In order to unravel the forming mechanism and its implication on hydrocarbon accumulation of strike-slip faults,detailed analysis upon geometric styles of strike-slip faults was performed,and the evolutional process of NE trending slip-faults in northern Tazhong area was simulated by using physical analogue model method. The results show that development of different planar and sectional structural styles of strike-slip faults is induced by differential pushing and basement shear effect under simple contractional stress field. Segmentation of characteristics is also observed along faults trending. It is concluded by physical analogue results integrated with structural background analysis that the forming mechanism of strike-slip faults in northern slope of Tazhong area was controlled by two factors. Firstly,the segmentation of Tazhong I fault gave the northern slope of Tazhong area a differential pushing stress in NE direction at the late Caledonian-early Hercynian. Secondly,NE trending basement faults activity in northern Tazhong area resulted in basement shear effect,which drag overlying upper Ordovician,Silurian,Devonian strata sinistrally. The existence of NE trending strike-slip faults contribute to hydrocarbon accumulation in northern slope of Tazhong area. On the one hand,high-angle structural faults development induced by strikeslip faults connects reservoir sections. On the other hand,faulting of strike-slip facilitates multi-layers hydrocarbon accumulation in northern slope of Tazhong area.
引文
[1]Mcclay K R,Dooley T.Analogue models of pull-apart basins.[J].Geology,1995,23(8):711-714.
[2]Rocchi S,Storti F,Vincenzo G D,et al.Intraplate strike-slip tectonics as an alternative to mantle plume activity for the Cenozoic rift magmatism in the Ross Sea region,Antarctica[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,2003,210(1):145-158.
[3]金之钧.中国典型叠合盆地及其油气成藏研究新进展(之一)—叠合盆地划分与研究方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(5):553-562.Jin Zhi Jun.New advancement in research of China’s typical superimposed basins and reservoiring(Part I):Classification and research methods of superimposed basins[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(5):553-562.
[4]汤良杰,黄太柱,金文正,等.叠合盆地差异构造变形与油气聚集[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京);北京大学),2009,16(4):013-022.Tang Liangjie,Huang Taizhu,Jin Wenzheng,et al.Differential deformation and hydrocarbon accumulation in the superimposed basins[J].Eartth Science Frontiers,2009,16(4):13-22.
[5]Peacock D.C.P.Displacements and segment linkage in strike-slip fault zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(9):1025-1035.
[6]李明杰,胡少华,王庆果,等.塔中地区走滑断裂体系的发现及其地质意义[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(1):116-121.Li Mingjie,Hu Shaohua,Wang Qingguo,et al.Discovery of strike-slip fault system in Tazhong area and geologic meaning[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(1):116-121.
[7]张承泽,于红枫,张海祖,等.塔中地区走滑断裂特征、成因及地质意义[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(5):22-26,14.Zhang Chengze,Yu Hongfeng,Zhang Haizu,et al.Characteristic,genesis and geologic meaning of strike-slip fault system in Tazhong area[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2008,30(5):22-26,14.
[8]杨圣彬,刘军,李慧莉,等.塔中北围斜区北东向走滑断裂特征及其控油作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):797-802.Yang Shengbin,Liu Jun,Li Huili,et al.Characteristics of the NEtrending strike-slip fault system and its control on oil accumulation in north peri-cline area of the Tazhong paleouplift[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):797-802.
[9]黄太柱.塔里木盆地塔中北坡构造解析与油气勘探方向[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(3):257-267.Huang Taizhu.Structural interpretation and petroleum exploration targets in northern slope of middle Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(3):257-267.
[10]甄素静,汤良杰,李宗杰,等.塔中北坡顺南地区走滑断裂样式、变形机理即石油地质意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(12):2315-2323.Zhen Sujing,Tang Liangjie,Li Zongjie,et al.The characteristic,formation and petroleum significance of the strike-slip fault system in Shunnan area,northern slope of Tazhogn uplift[J].Nature Gas Geoscience,2015,26(12):2315-2323.
[11]邬光辉,杨海军,屈泰来,等.塔里木盆地塔中隆起断裂系统特征及其对海相碳酸盐岩油气的控制作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):793-805.Wu Guanghui,Yang Haijun,Qu Tailai,et al.The fault system characteristics and its controlling roles on marine carbonate hydrocarbon in the Central Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinaca,2012,28(3):793-805.
[12]兰晓东,吕修祥,朱炎铭,等.走滑断裂与盖层复合成藏模式—以塔中东部中古51井区鹰山组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):107-115.Lan Xiaodong,Lv Xiuxiang,Zhu Yanming,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation pattern jointly controlled by strike-slip faults and cap rocks:A case from Yingshan Formation in well ZG-51 block of eastern Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(1):107-115.
[13]李传新,贾承造,李本亮,等.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起北斜坡古生代断裂展布与构造演化[J].地质学报,2009,83(8):1065-1073.Li Chuanxin,Jia Chengzao,Li Benliang,et al.Distribution and tectonic evolution of the paleozoic fault system,the North Slope of Tazhong Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(8):1065-1073.
[14]李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,等.塔里木盆地中央地区的断裂系统:几何学、运动学和动力学背景[J].地质科学,2008,43(1):82-118.Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Meng Qinglong,et al.Fault systems in central area of the Tarim Basin:geometry,kinematics and dynamic settings[J].Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica),2008,43(1):82-118.
[15]Mc Clay K R,White M.Analogue modelling of orthogonal and oblique rifting[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1995,12(2):137-151.
[16]Klinkmuller M,Schreurs G,Rosenau M,et al.Properties of granular analogue model materials:A community wide survey[J].Tectonophysics,2016,684:23-38.
[17]李本亮,管树巍,李传新,等.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起古构造演化与变形特征[J].地质论评,2009,55(44):521-530.Li Benliang,Guan Shuwei,Li Chuanxin,et al.Paleo-tectonic evolution and deformation features of the lower uplift in the central Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,2009,55(44):521-530.
[18]张振生,李明杰,刘社平.塔中低凸起的形成和演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):28-31.Zhang Zhensheng,Li Mingjie,Liu Sheping.Generation and evolution of Tazhong low uplift[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):28-31.
[19]余一欣,黄太柱,汤良杰,等.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起内部构造变形特征[J].现代地质,2010,24(6):1029-1034.Yu Yixin,Huang Taizhu,Tang Liangjie,et al.Internal structural deformation of the Tazhong lower uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Geoscience,24(6):1029-1034.
[20]管树巍,杨海军,韩剑发,等.塔中低凸起的构造属性和解释方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(54):77-786.Guan Shuwei,Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,et al.Structural properties and interpretation methods of the Tazhong Low Salient[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(54),777-786.
[2]Rocchi S,Storti F,Vincenzo G D,et al.Intraplate strike-slip tectonics as an alternative to mantle plume activity for the Cenozoic rift magmatism in the Ross Sea region,Antarctica[J].Geological Society London Special Publications,2003,210(1):145-158.
[3]金之钧.中国典型叠合盆地及其油气成藏研究新进展(之一)—叠合盆地划分与研究方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(5):553-562.Jin Zhi Jun.New advancement in research of China’s typical superimposed basins and reservoiring(Part I):Classification and research methods of superimposed basins[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(5):553-562.
[4]汤良杰,黄太柱,金文正,等.叠合盆地差异构造变形与油气聚集[J].地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京);北京大学),2009,16(4):013-022.Tang Liangjie,Huang Taizhu,Jin Wenzheng,et al.Differential deformation and hydrocarbon accumulation in the superimposed basins[J].Eartth Science Frontiers,2009,16(4):13-22.
[5]Peacock D.C.P.Displacements and segment linkage in strike-slip fault zones[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1991,13(9):1025-1035.
[6]李明杰,胡少华,王庆果,等.塔中地区走滑断裂体系的发现及其地质意义[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(1):116-121.Li Mingjie,Hu Shaohua,Wang Qingguo,et al.Discovery of strike-slip fault system in Tazhong area and geologic meaning[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(1):116-121.
[7]张承泽,于红枫,张海祖,等.塔中地区走滑断裂特征、成因及地质意义[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(5):22-26,14.Zhang Chengze,Yu Hongfeng,Zhang Haizu,et al.Characteristic,genesis and geologic meaning of strike-slip fault system in Tazhong area[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2008,30(5):22-26,14.
[8]杨圣彬,刘军,李慧莉,等.塔中北围斜区北东向走滑断裂特征及其控油作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(6):797-802.Yang Shengbin,Liu Jun,Li Huili,et al.Characteristics of the NEtrending strike-slip fault system and its control on oil accumulation in north peri-cline area of the Tazhong paleouplift[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2013,34(6):797-802.
[9]黄太柱.塔里木盆地塔中北坡构造解析与油气勘探方向[J].石油实验地质,2014,36(3):257-267.Huang Taizhu.Structural interpretation and petroleum exploration targets in northern slope of middle Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2014,36(3):257-267.
[10]甄素静,汤良杰,李宗杰,等.塔中北坡顺南地区走滑断裂样式、变形机理即石油地质意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(12):2315-2323.Zhen Sujing,Tang Liangjie,Li Zongjie,et al.The characteristic,formation and petroleum significance of the strike-slip fault system in Shunnan area,northern slope of Tazhogn uplift[J].Nature Gas Geoscience,2015,26(12):2315-2323.
[11]邬光辉,杨海军,屈泰来,等.塔里木盆地塔中隆起断裂系统特征及其对海相碳酸盐岩油气的控制作用[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):793-805.Wu Guanghui,Yang Haijun,Qu Tailai,et al.The fault system characteristics and its controlling roles on marine carbonate hydrocarbon in the Central Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinaca,2012,28(3):793-805.
[12]兰晓东,吕修祥,朱炎铭,等.走滑断裂与盖层复合成藏模式—以塔中东部中古51井区鹰山组为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):107-115.Lan Xiaodong,Lv Xiuxiang,Zhu Yanming,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation pattern jointly controlled by strike-slip faults and cap rocks:A case from Yingshan Formation in well ZG-51 block of eastern Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(1):107-115.
[13]李传新,贾承造,李本亮,等.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起北斜坡古生代断裂展布与构造演化[J].地质学报,2009,83(8):1065-1073.Li Chuanxin,Jia Chengzao,Li Benliang,et al.Distribution and tectonic evolution of the paleozoic fault system,the North Slope of Tazhong Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(8):1065-1073.
[14]李曰俊,吴根耀,孟庆龙,等.塔里木盆地中央地区的断裂系统:几何学、运动学和动力学背景[J].地质科学,2008,43(1):82-118.Li Yuejun,Wu Genyao,Meng Qinglong,et al.Fault systems in central area of the Tarim Basin:geometry,kinematics and dynamic settings[J].Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica),2008,43(1):82-118.
[15]Mc Clay K R,White M.Analogue modelling of orthogonal and oblique rifting[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1995,12(2):137-151.
[16]Klinkmuller M,Schreurs G,Rosenau M,et al.Properties of granular analogue model materials:A community wide survey[J].Tectonophysics,2016,684:23-38.
[17]李本亮,管树巍,李传新,等.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起古构造演化与变形特征[J].地质论评,2009,55(44):521-530.Li Benliang,Guan Shuwei,Li Chuanxin,et al.Paleo-tectonic evolution and deformation features of the lower uplift in the central Tarim Basin[J].Geological Review,2009,55(44):521-530.
[18]张振生,李明杰,刘社平.塔中低凸起的形成和演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):28-31.Zhang Zhensheng,Li Mingjie,Liu Sheping.Generation and evolution of Tazhong low uplift[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(1):28-31.
[19]余一欣,黄太柱,汤良杰,等.塔里木盆地塔中低凸起内部构造变形特征[J].现代地质,2010,24(6):1029-1034.Yu Yixin,Huang Taizhu,Tang Liangjie,et al.Internal structural deformation of the Tazhong lower uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Geoscience,24(6):1029-1034.
[20]管树巍,杨海军,韩剑发,等.塔中低凸起的构造属性和解释方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(54):77-786.Guan Shuwei,Yang Haijun,Han Jianfa,et al.Structural properties and interpretation methods of the Tazhong Low Salient[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(54),777-786.