小粒种子电动播种机作业质量监测系统设计与试验
|
摘要
为了实现蔬菜小粒种子电动播种机作业过程的实时监测,提高小粒种子播种机智能化水平,基于多传感器检测技术和可视化技术,设计了小粒种子电动播种机作业质量监测系统,并进行了播种试验。试验表明:作业质量监测系统可实现对粒径0. 5～1. 5 mm蔬菜小粒种子播种过程的实时监测,其播种量监测精度达96%,种子漏播监测精度达92. 3%,实时落种影像采集精度达95%,解决了由于蔬菜小粒种子粒径小、质量轻不便于实时监测的问题,提高了播种机播种精度和作业质量。
In order to realize the real-time monitoring of the operation process of vegetable small seed electric seeder and improve the intelligent level of the small seed seeder,a small-grain seed electric seeder with detection function was designed by using photoelectric sensor with surface detection characteristics and visual sensor with image acquisition effect,which can complete the functions of seeding,missing seeding monitoring and seeding display,at the same time,monitoring the seeding situation and collection. The measured data can be stored and managed effectively,and the operation of the electric seeder can be analyzed later. The results showed that the accuracy rate of seeding quality monitoring system was more than 96%,the accuracy rate was over 92. 3%. In the test of the image sensor,the monitoring accuracy was more than 95% when the seeding velocity was 3. 0 km/h and 4. 5 km/h,respectively. Visual Basic 6. 0 software was used to equip the operation interface for the monitoring system. In the process of operation,the monitoring system can be controlled in real time,and the counting of seeding,missing seeding and real-time image of seeding can be displayed on the display screen. The research solved the problem that manual was difficult to monitor the sowing quality in realtime,and improved the sowing quality and work efficiency of the seeder.
In order to realize the real-time monitoring of the operation process of vegetable small seed electric seeder and improve the intelligent level of the small seed seeder,a small-grain seed electric seeder with detection function was designed by using photoelectric sensor with surface detection characteristics and visual sensor with image acquisition effect,which can complete the functions of seeding,missing seeding monitoring and seeding display,at the same time,monitoring the seeding situation and collection. The measured data can be stored and managed effectively,and the operation of the electric seeder can be analyzed later. The results showed that the accuracy rate of seeding quality monitoring system was more than 96%,the accuracy rate was over 92. 3%. In the test of the image sensor,the monitoring accuracy was more than 95% when the seeding velocity was 3. 0 km/h and 4. 5 km/h,respectively. Visual Basic 6. 0 software was used to equip the operation interface for the monitoring system. In the process of operation,the monitoring system can be controlled in real time,and the counting of seeding,missing seeding and real-time image of seeding can be displayed on the display screen. The research solved the problem that manual was difficult to monitor the sowing quality in realtime,and improved the sowing quality and work efficiency of the seeder.
引文
[1]Al-YAMANI A A,MITRA S,MCCLUSKEY E J,et al.Optimized reseeding by seed ordering and encoding[J].Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems,2005,24(2):264-270.
[2]KRISHNA C V,JAS A,TOUBA N A.Achieving high encoding efficiency with partial dynamic LFSR reseeding[J].ACMTransactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems,2004,9(4):500-516.
[3]OKOPNIK D L,FALATE R.Usage of the DFRobot RB-DFR-49 infrared sensor to detect maize seed passage on a conveyor belt[J].Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2014,102(1):106-111.
[4]TURENA R,RODRIGUEZ F,BERENGUEL M.A machine vision system for seeds germination quality evaluation using fuzzy logic[J].Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2001,32(1):1-20.
[5]KARAYEL D,WIESEHOFF M,ZMERZI A,et al.Laboratory measurement of seed drill seed spacing and velocity of fall of seeds using high-speed camera system[J].Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2006,50(2):89-96.
[6]NAVID H,EBRAHIMIAN S,GASSEMZADEH H R,et al.Laboratory evaluation of seed metering device using image processing method[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2011,2(1):1-4.
[7]JOHN D.Monitoring and documentation[EB/OL].(2015-8-4)[2016-1-8].http:∥www.deere.com/en_US/parts/parts_by_industry/ag/seeding/monitoring/monitoring.page.
[8]金衡模,高焕文.玉米精播机漏播补偿系统设计[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(5):44-47.KIM Hyungmo,GAO Huanwen.Design of a microcomputer-controlled loss sowing conpensation system for a maize precision drill[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2002,33(5):44-47.(in Chinese)
[9]赵立新,张增辉,王成义,等.基于变距光电传感器的小麦精播施肥一体机监测系统设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):27-34.ZHAO Lixin,ZHANG Zenghui,WANG Chengyi,et al.Design of monitoring system for wheat precision seeding-fertilizing machine based on variable distance photoelectric sensor[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(13):27-34.(in Chinese)
[10]宋鹏,张俊雄,李伟,等.精密播种机工作性能实时监测系统[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(2):71-74.SONG Peng,ZHANG Junxiong,LI Wei,et al.Real-time monitoring system for accuracy for precision seeder[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(2):71-74.(in Chinese)
[11]纪超,陈学庚,陈金成,等.玉米免耕精密播种机排种质量监测系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(8):1-6.JI Chao,CHEN Xuegeng,CHEN Jincheng,et al.Monitoring system for working performance of no-tillage corn precision seeder[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):1-6.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160801&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.08.001.(in Chinese)
[12]卢彩云,付卫强,赵春江,等.小麦播种实时监控系统计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):32-40.LU Caiyun,FU Weiqiang,ZHAO Chunjiang,et al.Design and experiment on real-time monitoring system of wheat seeding[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(2):32-40.(in Chinese)
[13]周利明,王书茂,张小超,等.基于电容信号的玉米播种机排种性能监测系统[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(13):16-21.ZHOU Liming,WANG Shumao,ZHANG Xiaochao,et al.Seed monitoring system for corn planter based on capacitance signal[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(13):16-21.(in Chinese)
[14]周利明,李树君,张小超,等.基于电容法的棉管籽棉质量流量检测[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):47-52.ZHOU Liming,LI Shujun,ZHANG Xiaochao,et al.Detection of seedcotton mass flow based on capacitance approach[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):47-52.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140608&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.06.008.(in Chinese)
[15]金鑫,李倩文,苑严伟,等.2BFJ-24型小麦精量播种变量施肥机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(5):84-92.JIN Xin,LI Qianwen,YUAN Yanwei,et al.Design and test of 2BFJ-24 type variable fertilizer and wheat precision seed sowing machine[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):84-92.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180510&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.05.010.(in Chinese)
[16]张霖,赵祚喜,可欣荣,等.压电式种子计数系统[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(8):41-45.ZHANG Lin,ZHAO Zuoxi,KE Xinrong,et al.Seed-counting system design using piezoelectric sensor[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(8):41-45.(in Chinese)
[17]吴泽全,刘俊杰,杨旭,等.JPS-16播种机试验台的设计[J].农机化研究,2011,33(10):59-62.WU Zequan,LIU Junjie,YANG Xu,et al.The design of JPS-16 seeder test-bed[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(10):59-62.(in Chinese)
[18]张海娜,马玉芳.基于图像处理的机器播种参数检测方法研究[J].测控技术,2015,34(2):44-47.ZHANG Haina,MA Yufang.Research on performance testing method of machine sowing based on image processing[J].Measurement&Control Technology,2015,34(2):44-47.(in Chinese)
[19]陈进,边疆,李耀明,等.基于高速摄像系统的精密排种器性能检测试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):90-95.CHEN Jin,BIAN Jiang,LI Yaoming,et al.Performance detection experiment of precision seed metering device based on high speed camera system[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(9):90-95.(in Chinese)
[20]廖庆喜,邓在京,黄海东.高速摄影在精密排种器性能检测中的应用[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(5):570-573.LIAO Qingxi,DENG Zaijing,HUANG Haidong.Application of the speed photography checking the precision metering performances[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2004,23(5):570-573.(in Chinese)
[21]蔡晓华,吴泽全,刘俊杰,等.基于计算机视觉的排种粒距实时检测系统[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(8):41-44.CAI Xiaohua,WU Zequan,LIU Junjie,et al.Grain distance real-time checking and measuring system based on computer vision[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2005,36(8):41-44.(in Chinese)
[22]丁幼春,杨军强,朱凯,等.油菜精量排种器种子流传感装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):29-36.DING Youchun,YANG Junqiang,ZHU Kai,et al.Design and experiment on seed flow sensing device for rapeseed precision metering device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(9):29-36.(in Chinese)
[23]邢赫,臧英,曹晓曼,等.水稻气力式排种器投种轨迹试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):23-30.XING He,ZANG Ying,CAO Xiaoman,et al.Experiment and analysis of dropping trajectory on rice pneumatic metering device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(12):23-30.(in Chinese)
[24]黄东岩,朱龙图,贾洪雷,等.基于压电薄膜的免耕播种机播种深度控制系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):1-8.HUANG Dongyan,ZHU Longtu,JIA Honglei,et al.Automatic control system of seeding depth based on piezoelectric film for no-till planter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):1-8.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150401&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.04.001.(in Chinese)
[25]黄东岩,朱龙图,贾洪雷,等.基于GPS和GPRS的远程玉米排种质量监测系统[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):162-168.HUANG Dongyan,ZHU Longtu,JIA Honglei,et al.Remote monitoring system for corn seeding quality based on GPS and GPRS[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(6):162-168.(in Chinese)
[26]丁幼春,王雪玲,廖庆喜.基于时变窗口的油菜精量排种器漏播实时检测方法[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(24):11-21.DING Youchun,WANG Xueling,LIAO Qingxi.Method of real-time loss sowing detection for rapeseed precision metering device based on time changed window[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(24):11-21.(in Chinese)
[27]GB/T 6973-2005单粒(精密)播种机试验方法[S].2005.
[2]KRISHNA C V,JAS A,TOUBA N A.Achieving high encoding efficiency with partial dynamic LFSR reseeding[J].ACMTransactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems,2004,9(4):500-516.
[3]OKOPNIK D L,FALATE R.Usage of the DFRobot RB-DFR-49 infrared sensor to detect maize seed passage on a conveyor belt[J].Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2014,102(1):106-111.
[4]TURENA R,RODRIGUEZ F,BERENGUEL M.A machine vision system for seeds germination quality evaluation using fuzzy logic[J].Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2001,32(1):1-20.
[5]KARAYEL D,WIESEHOFF M,ZMERZI A,et al.Laboratory measurement of seed drill seed spacing and velocity of fall of seeds using high-speed camera system[J].Computers&Electronics in Agriculture,2006,50(2):89-96.
[6]NAVID H,EBRAHIMIAN S,GASSEMZADEH H R,et al.Laboratory evaluation of seed metering device using image processing method[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering,2011,2(1):1-4.
[7]JOHN D.Monitoring and documentation[EB/OL].(2015-8-4)[2016-1-8].http:∥www.deere.com/en_US/parts/parts_by_industry/ag/seeding/monitoring/monitoring.page.
[8]金衡模,高焕文.玉米精播机漏播补偿系统设计[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(5):44-47.KIM Hyungmo,GAO Huanwen.Design of a microcomputer-controlled loss sowing conpensation system for a maize precision drill[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2002,33(5):44-47.(in Chinese)
[9]赵立新,张增辉,王成义,等.基于变距光电传感器的小麦精播施肥一体机监测系统设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(13):27-34.ZHAO Lixin,ZHANG Zenghui,WANG Chengyi,et al.Design of monitoring system for wheat precision seeding-fertilizing machine based on variable distance photoelectric sensor[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(13):27-34.(in Chinese)
[10]宋鹏,张俊雄,李伟,等.精密播种机工作性能实时监测系统[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(2):71-74.SONG Peng,ZHANG Junxiong,LI Wei,et al.Real-time monitoring system for accuracy for precision seeder[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(2):71-74.(in Chinese)
[11]纪超,陈学庚,陈金成,等.玉米免耕精密播种机排种质量监测系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(8):1-6.JI Chao,CHEN Xuegeng,CHEN Jincheng,et al.Monitoring system for working performance of no-tillage corn precision seeder[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):1-6.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160801&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.08.001.(in Chinese)
[12]卢彩云,付卫强,赵春江,等.小麦播种实时监控系统计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):32-40.LU Caiyun,FU Weiqiang,ZHAO Chunjiang,et al.Design and experiment on real-time monitoring system of wheat seeding[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(2):32-40.(in Chinese)
[13]周利明,王书茂,张小超,等.基于电容信号的玉米播种机排种性能监测系统[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(13):16-21.ZHOU Liming,WANG Shumao,ZHANG Xiaochao,et al.Seed monitoring system for corn planter based on capacitance signal[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(13):16-21.(in Chinese)
[14]周利明,李树君,张小超,等.基于电容法的棉管籽棉质量流量检测[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(6):47-52.ZHOU Liming,LI Shujun,ZHANG Xiaochao,et al.Detection of seedcotton mass flow based on capacitance approach[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):47-52.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20140608&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.06.008.(in Chinese)
[15]金鑫,李倩文,苑严伟,等.2BFJ-24型小麦精量播种变量施肥机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(5):84-92.JIN Xin,LI Qianwen,YUAN Yanwei,et al.Design and test of 2BFJ-24 type variable fertilizer and wheat precision seed sowing machine[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(5):84-92.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180510&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.05.010.(in Chinese)
[16]张霖,赵祚喜,可欣荣,等.压电式种子计数系统[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(8):41-45.ZHANG Lin,ZHAO Zuoxi,KE Xinrong,et al.Seed-counting system design using piezoelectric sensor[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(8):41-45.(in Chinese)
[17]吴泽全,刘俊杰,杨旭,等.JPS-16播种机试验台的设计[J].农机化研究,2011,33(10):59-62.WU Zequan,LIU Junjie,YANG Xu,et al.The design of JPS-16 seeder test-bed[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(10):59-62.(in Chinese)
[18]张海娜,马玉芳.基于图像处理的机器播种参数检测方法研究[J].测控技术,2015,34(2):44-47.ZHANG Haina,MA Yufang.Research on performance testing method of machine sowing based on image processing[J].Measurement&Control Technology,2015,34(2):44-47.(in Chinese)
[19]陈进,边疆,李耀明,等.基于高速摄像系统的精密排种器性能检测试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):90-95.CHEN Jin,BIAN Jiang,LI Yaoming,et al.Performance detection experiment of precision seed metering device based on high speed camera system[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(9):90-95.(in Chinese)
[20]廖庆喜,邓在京,黄海东.高速摄影在精密排种器性能检测中的应用[J].华中农业大学学报,2004,23(5):570-573.LIAO Qingxi,DENG Zaijing,HUANG Haidong.Application of the speed photography checking the precision metering performances[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2004,23(5):570-573.(in Chinese)
[21]蔡晓华,吴泽全,刘俊杰,等.基于计算机视觉的排种粒距实时检测系统[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(8):41-44.CAI Xiaohua,WU Zequan,LIU Junjie,et al.Grain distance real-time checking and measuring system based on computer vision[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2005,36(8):41-44.(in Chinese)
[22]丁幼春,杨军强,朱凯,等.油菜精量排种器种子流传感装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):29-36.DING Youchun,YANG Junqiang,ZHU Kai,et al.Design and experiment on seed flow sensing device for rapeseed precision metering device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(9):29-36.(in Chinese)
[23]邢赫,臧英,曹晓曼,等.水稻气力式排种器投种轨迹试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):23-30.XING He,ZANG Ying,CAO Xiaoman,et al.Experiment and analysis of dropping trajectory on rice pneumatic metering device[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(12):23-30.(in Chinese)
[24]黄东岩,朱龙图,贾洪雷,等.基于压电薄膜的免耕播种机播种深度控制系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):1-8.HUANG Dongyan,ZHU Longtu,JIA Honglei,et al.Automatic control system of seeding depth based on piezoelectric film for no-till planter[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):1-8.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150401&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.04.001.(in Chinese)
[25]黄东岩,朱龙图,贾洪雷,等.基于GPS和GPRS的远程玉米排种质量监测系统[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):162-168.HUANG Dongyan,ZHU Longtu,JIA Honglei,et al.Remote monitoring system for corn seeding quality based on GPS and GPRS[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(6):162-168.(in Chinese)
[26]丁幼春,王雪玲,廖庆喜.基于时变窗口的油菜精量排种器漏播实时检测方法[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(24):11-21.DING Youchun,WANG Xueling,LIAO Qingxi.Method of real-time loss sowing detection for rapeseed precision metering device based on time changed window[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(24):11-21.(in Chinese)
[27]GB/T 6973-2005单粒(精密)播种机试验方法[S].2005.