不同Bt杀虫蛋白通过食物链对大草蛉的影响
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摘要
为了明确目前转基因抗虫植物中表达的Bt蛋白对农田重要捕食性天敌大草蛉的生态安全性,采用三级营养食物链评价体系,分别以对供试Bt蛋白Cry1Ac、Cry1F和Cry2Ab具有抗性的靶标害虫或不敏感的非靶标害虫作为大草蛉的猎物,研究了供试3种蛋白对大草蛉的影响。结果表明,当大草蛉以抗性棉铃虫(抗Cry1Ac或Cry2Ab)或抗性玉米螟(抗Cry1F)为猎物时,供试3种Bt蛋白通过食物链对大草蛉幼虫(4龄幼虫重量和幼虫发育至蛹历期)、蛹(化蛹率、蛹重和蛹发育历期)及成虫(羽化率、雌虫重量、雄虫重量和单雌产卵量)的生长发育及产卵量均无显著影响;同样地,当大草蛉以对3种Bt蛋白不敏感的非靶标昆虫——绿盲蝽作为猎物时,通过食物链传递的Bt蛋白对大草蛉生长发育及繁殖也无显著影响。因此,目前转基因棉花、玉米或水稻中广泛表达的Cry1Ac、Cry1F和Cry2Ab蛋白,通过三级营养食物链,对大草蛉生长发育及繁殖均无潜在毒性。
In order to clarify the ecological safety of Bt proteins to Chrysopa pallens through tritrophic food chain,we investigated the effects of Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry2Ab insecticidal proteins that are widely transformed into several plant species on C. pallens using resistant target insects or insensitive non-target insects as preys. The results indicated that the three Bt proteins showed no significant adverse effects on the larvae(weight of the fourth instars and the larval duration), pupae(pupation rate, pupal weight and duration) and adults(eclosion rate, female and male weight and fecundity) of C. pallens through tritrophic food chain when using resistant Helicoverpa armigera(resistant to Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab) or resistant Ostrinia furnacalis(resistant to Cry1F) as the prey.Similarly, the three Bt proteins also had no obvious detrimental effects on the development and reproduction of C.pallens through tritrophic food chain when Bt-insensitive non-target insects Aploygus lucorum were used as the prey. Therefore, Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry2Ab protein, which have been widely transformed into current Bt cotton,Bt maize or Bt rice, showed no potential toxicity on the development and reproduction of C. pallens through tritrophic food chain.
In order to clarify the ecological safety of Bt proteins to Chrysopa pallens through tritrophic food chain,we investigated the effects of Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry2Ab insecticidal proteins that are widely transformed into several plant species on C. pallens using resistant target insects or insensitive non-target insects as preys. The results indicated that the three Bt proteins showed no significant adverse effects on the larvae(weight of the fourth instars and the larval duration), pupae(pupation rate, pupal weight and duration) and adults(eclosion rate, female and male weight and fecundity) of C. pallens through tritrophic food chain when using resistant Helicoverpa armigera(resistant to Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab) or resistant Ostrinia furnacalis(resistant to Cry1F) as the prey.Similarly, the three Bt proteins also had no obvious detrimental effects on the development and reproduction of C.pallens through tritrophic food chain when Bt-insensitive non-target insects Aploygus lucorum were used as the prey. Therefore, Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Cry2Ab protein, which have been widely transformed into current Bt cotton,Bt maize or Bt rice, showed no potential toxicity on the development and reproduction of C. pallens through tritrophic food chain.
引文
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[28]Li Y H,Romeis J.Bt maize expressing Cry3Bb1 does not harm the spider mite,Tetranychus urticae,or its ladybird beetle predator,Stethorus punctillum[J].Biological Control,2010,53(3):337-344.
[29]Zhao M,Li Y H,Yuan X D,et al.Establishment of a dietary exposure assay for evaluating the toxicity of insecticidal compounds to Apolygus lucorum(Hemiptera:Miridae)[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,237:414-423.
[2]Tian J C,Wang X P,Long L P,et al.Eliminating host-mediated effects demonstrates Bt maize producing Cry1F has no adverse effects on the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris[J].Transgenic Research,2014,23(2):257-264.
[3]Edgerton M D,Fridgen J,Anderson J R,et al.Transgenic insect resistance traits increase corn yield and yield stability[J].Nature Biotechnology,2012,30(6):493-496.
[4]Carpenter J E.Peer-reviewed surveys indicate positive impact of commercialized GM crops[J].Nature Biotechnology,2010,28(4):319-321.
[5]Romeis J,Bartsch D,Bigler F,et al.Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods[J].Nature Biotechnology,2008,26(2):203-208.
[6]Li Y H,Peng Y F,Hallerman E M,et al.Biosafety management and commercial use of genetically modified crops in China[J].Plant Cell Reports,2014,33(4):565-573.
[7]王园园,李云河,陈秀萍,等.抗虫转基因植物对非靶标节肢动物生态影响的研究进展[J].生物安全学报,2011,20(2):100-107.
[8]Romeis J,Meissle M,Bigler F.Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control[J].Nature Biotechnology,2006,24(1):63-71.
[9]Marvier M,McCreedy C,Regetz J,et al.A meta-analysis of effects of Bt cotton and maize on nontarget invertebrates[J].Science,2007,316(5830):1475-1477.
[10]L?vei G L,Andow D A,Arpaia S.Transgenic insecticidal crops and natural enemies:a detailed review of laboratory studies[J].Environmental Entomology,2009,38(2):293-306.
[11]Shelton A M,Naranjo S E,Romeis J,et al.Setting the record straight:a rebuttal to an erroneous analysis on transgenic insecticidal crops and natural enemies[J].Transgenic Research,2009,18(3):317-322.
[12]Shelton A M,Naranjo S E,Romeis J,et al.Appropriate analytical methods are necessary to assess nontarget effects of insecticidal proteins in GM Crops through meta-analysis(response to Andow et al.2009)[J].Environmental Entomology,2009,38(6):1533-1538.
[13]Romeis J,Hellmich R L,Candolfi M P,et al.Recommendations for the design of laboratory studies on non-target arthropods for risk assessment of genetically engineered plants[J].Transgenic Research,2011,20(1):1-22.
[14]张青玲,李云河,华红霞,等.Bt水稻田重要非靶标节肢动物暴露于Cry2Aa蛋白的程度分析[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1647-1651.
[15]刘爽,王甦,刘佰明,等.大草蛉幼虫对烟粉虱的捕食功能反应及捕食行为观察[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(6):1136-1145.
[16]王英丽,魏纪珍,张丽丽,等.Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab蛋白对大草蛉生长发育及酶活力的影响[J].植物保护学报,2014,41(3):285-291.
[17]梁革梅,谭维嘉,郭予元.人工饲养棉铃虫技术的改进[J].植物保护,1999,25(2):15-17.
[18]Wei J Z,Guo Y Y,Liang G M,et al.Cross-resistance and interactions between Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab against the cotton bollworm[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:7714.
[19]Wang Y Q,Wang Y D,Wang Z Y,et al.Genetic basis of Cry1F-resistance in a laboratory selected Asian corn borer strain and its cross-resistance to other Bacillus thuringiensis toxins[J].PLoS ONE,2016,11(8):e0161189.
[20]陆宴辉,吴孔明,蔡晓明,等.利用四季豆饲养盲蝽的方法[J].植物保护学报,2008,35(3):215-219.
[21]Li Y H,Romeis J,Wu K M,et al.Tier-1 assays for assessing the toxicity of insecticidal proteins produced by genetically engineered plants to non-target arthropods[J].Insect Science,2014,21(2):125-134.
[22]Li Y H,Hu L,Romeis J,et al.Use of an artificial diet system to study the toxicity of gut-active insecticidal compounds on larvae of the green lacewing Chrysoperla sinica[J].Biological Control,2014,69(1):45-51.
[23]Zhang X J,Li Y H,Romeis J,et al.Use of a pollen-based diet to expose the ladybird beetle Propylea japonica to insecticidal proteins[J].PLoS ONE,2014,9(1):e85395.
[24]白树雄,张洪刚,葛星,等.转cry1F基因玉米花粉对腰带长体茧蜂存活和繁殖的影响[J].植物保护,2011,37(6):82-85.
[25]álvarez-Alfageme F,Bigler F,Romeis J.Laboratory toxicity studies demonstrate no adverse effects of Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 to larvae of Adalia bipunctata(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae):the importance of study design[J].Transgenic Research,2011,20(3):467-479.
[26]Schmidt J E,Braun C U,Whitehouse L P,et al.Effects of activated Bt transgene products(Cry1Ab,Cry3Bb)on immature stages of the ladybird Adalia bipunctata in laboratory ecotoxicity testing[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2009,56:221-228.
[27]Chen M,Zhao J Z,Shelton A M,et al.Impact of single-gene and dual-gene Bt broccoli on the herbivore Pieris rapae(Lepidoptera:Pieridae)and its pupal endoparasitoid Pteromalus puparum(Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae)[J].Transgenic Research,2008,17:545-555.
[28]Li Y H,Romeis J.Bt maize expressing Cry3Bb1 does not harm the spider mite,Tetranychus urticae,or its ladybird beetle predator,Stethorus punctillum[J].Biological Control,2010,53(3):337-344.
[29]Zhao M,Li Y H,Yuan X D,et al.Establishment of a dietary exposure assay for evaluating the toxicity of insecticidal compounds to Apolygus lucorum(Hemiptera:Miridae)[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,237:414-423.