团队多重任务趋向对个体拖延行为的影响机制研究
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摘要
组织中的成员常常会出现"明日复明日"这一现象,这种拖延行为显然不利于组织的快速发展。从团队层面特征出发,分析了团队多重任务趋向对成员拖延行为的影响及其作用机制。通过对安徽省内来自76个工作团队的231名成员进行问卷调查,结果发现,团队多重任务趋向显著增加了拖延行为,角色过载在该过程中起到了中介作用。此外,团队自主性能够负向调节团队多重任务趋向对角色过载的影响,进而削弱整个中介作用的过程。
Individuals in the organization will often show a phenomenon that there is always tomorrow. It is obvious that this procrastination behavior hinders the development of the organization. From the perspective of the team-level characteristics,we analyzed the effect of group poly-chronicity on individual procrastination behavior and its mechanism. Through the questionnaire survey of 231 employees from 76 work groups in Anhui,the results showed that group poly-chronicity will increase their members' procrastination behavior,and the role overload phenomenon mediates the effect. In addition,group autonomy negatively moderates the effect of group poly-chronicity on the role-overload phenomenon,and then weakens the whole mediating process between the group poly-chronicity and individual procrastination behavior.
Individuals in the organization will often show a phenomenon that there is always tomorrow. It is obvious that this procrastination behavior hinders the development of the organization. From the perspective of the team-level characteristics,we analyzed the effect of group poly-chronicity on individual procrastination behavior and its mechanism. Through the questionnaire survey of 231 employees from 76 work groups in Anhui,the results showed that group poly-chronicity will increase their members' procrastination behavior,and the role overload phenomenon mediates the effect. In addition,group autonomy negatively moderates the effect of group poly-chronicity on the role-overload phenomenon,and then weakens the whole mediating process between the group poly-chronicity and individual procrastination behavior.
引文
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[2]EERDE W V.A meta-analytically derived nomological network of procrastination[J].Personality&Individual Differences,2003,35(6):1401-1418.
[3]STEAD R,SHANAHAN M J,NEUFELD R W J.“I’ll go to therapy,eventually”:procrastination,stress and mental health[J].Personality&Individual Differences,2010,49(3):175-180.
[4]EERDE W V.Procrastination at work and time management training[J].Journal of Psychology,2003,137(5):421-34.
[5]KLASSEN R M,KRAWCHUK L L,RAJANI S.Academic procrastination of undergraduates:low self-efficacy to self-regulate predicts higher levels of procrastination[J].Contemporary Educational Psychology,2008,33(4):915-931.
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[7]GUPTA R,HERSHEY D A,GAUR J.Time perspective and procrastination in the workplace:an empirical investigation[J].Current Psychology,2012,31(2):195-211.
[8]FERRARI J R,TICE D M.Procrastination as a self-handicap for men and women:a task-avoidance strategy in a laboratory setting[J].Journal of Research in Personality,2000,34(1):73-83.
[9]FRITZSCHE B A,YOUNG B R,HICKSON K C.Individual differences in academic procrastination tendency and writing success[J].Personality&Individual Differences,2003,35(7):1549-1557.
[10]REBETEZ M M,BARSICS C,ROCHAT L,et al.Procrastination,consideration of future consequences,and episodic future thinking[J].Consciousness&Cognition,2016,42(4):286-292.
[11]GEORGE J M,JONES G R.The role of time in theory and theory building[J].Journal of Management,2000,26(4):657-684.
[12]ANCONA D G,OKHUYSEN G A,PERLOW L A.Taking time to integrate temporal research[J].Academy of Management Review,2001,26(4):512-529.
[13]SLOCOMBE T E,BLUEDORN A C.Organizational behavior implications of the congruence between preferred polychronicity and experienced work-unit polychronicity[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,1999,20(1):75-99.
[14]TAYLOR M S,LOCKE E A,LEE C,et al.Type a behavior and faculty research productivity:what are the mechanisms?[J].Organizational Behavior&Human Performance,1984,34(3):402-418.
[15]FREI R L,RACICOT B,TRAVAGLINE A.The impact of monochronic and type a behavior patterns on research productivity and stress[J].Journal of Managerial Psychology,1999,14(5):374-387.
[16]APPELBAUM S H,MARCHIONNI A,FERNANDEZ A.The multi-tasking paradox:perceptions,problems and strategies[J].Management Decision,2008,46(9):1313-1325.
[17]SALANCIK G R,PFEFFER J.A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1978,23(2):224-253.
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[22]BENABOU C.Polychronicity and temporal dimensions of work in learning organizations[J].Journal of Managerial Psychology,1999,14(3/4):257-270.
[23]CONTE J M,JACOBS R R.Validity evidence linking polychronicity and big five personality dimensions to absence,lateness,and supervisory performance ratings[J].Human Performance,2003,16(2):107-129.
[24]RIZZO J R,HOUSE R J,LIRTZMAN S I.Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations[J].Administrative science quarterly,1970,15(2):150-163.
[25]KAHN R L,WOLFE D M,QUINN R P,et al.Organizational stress:studies in role conflict and ambiguity[J].Administrative Science Uuarterly,1965,10(1):125-129.
[26]BOLINO M C,TURNLEY W H.The personal costs of citizenship behavior:the relationship between individual initiative and role overload,job stress,and work-family conflict[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2005,90(4):740-748.
[27]BROWN S P,JONES E,LEIGH T W.The attenuating effect of role overload on relationships linking self-efficacy and goal level to work performance[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2005,90(5):972-979.
[28]AHMAD A,SAUD S.The effect of role overload on employee anxiety and organization citizenship behavior[J].Journal of Managerial Sciences,2016,10(1):45-54.
[29]MATTHEWS R A,WINKEL D E.A longitudinal examination of role overload and work-family conflict:the mediating role of interdomain transitions[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2013,35(1):72-91.
[30]HOBFOLL S E.The influence of culture,community,and the nested-self in the stress process:advancing conservation of resources theory[J].Applied psychology,2001,50(3):337-421.
[31]WICKENS C D.Multiple resources and mental workload[J].Human Factors,2008,50(3):449-455.
[32]LOCKE E A.LATHAM GP.A theory of goal setting and task performance[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,1990:36-87.
[33]MALIK M I,SAJJAD M,HYDER S,et al.Role overload:a cause of diminishing employee retention and productivity[J].Middle East Journal of Scientific Research,2013,18(11):1573-1577.
[34]MURAVEN M,BAUMEISTER R F.Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources:does self-control resemble a muscle?[J].Psychological Bulletin,2000,126(2):247-59.
[35]MULKI J P,LASSK F G,JARAMILLO F.The effect of self-efficacy on salesperson work overload and pay satisfaction[J].Journal of Personal Selling&Sales Management,2008,28(3):285-297.
[36]WANG A C.When does benevolent leadership lead to creativity?the moderating role of creative role identity and job autonomy[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2010,31(1):106-121.
[37]FULLER J B,HESTER K,COX S S.Proactive personality and job performance:exploring job autonomy as a moderator[J].Journal of Managerial Issues,2010,22(1):35-51.
[38]SPREITZER G M.Psychological empowerment in the workplace:dimensions,measurement,and validation[J].Academy of Management Journal,1995,38(5):1442-1465.
[39]MOHAMMED S,NADKARNI S.Are we all on the same temporal page?the moderating effects of temporal team cognition on the polychronicity diversity-team performance relationship[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2014,99(3):404-22.
[40]MCCANN D.temporal autonomy and the protective individualisation of working-time law:the case of overtime work[J].Labour&Industry A Journal of the Social&Economic Relations of Work,2007,17(3):29-43.
[41]SLOCOMBE T E,BLUEDORN A C.Organizational behavior implications of the congruence between preferred polychronicity and experienced work-unit polychronicity[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,1999,20(1):75-99.
[42]REBETEZ M M,ROCHAT L,GAY P,et al.Validation of a French version of the pure procrastination scale(PPS)[J].Comprehensive Psychiatry,2014,55(6):1442-1447.
[43]SCHAUBROECK J,COTTON J L,JENNINGS K R.Antecedents and consequences of role stress:a covariance structure analysis[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,1989,10(1):35-58.
[44]KIRKMAN B L,ROSEN B,TESLUK P E,et al.The impact of team empowerment on virtual team performance:the moderating role of face-to-face interaction[J].Academy of Management Journal,2004,47(2):175-192.
[45]刘东,张震,汪默.被调节的中介和被中介的调节:理论构建与模型检验[C]//陈小平,徐淑英,樊景立.组织与管理研究的实证方法.北京:北京大学出版社,2012:577-584.
[2]EERDE W V.A meta-analytically derived nomological network of procrastination[J].Personality&Individual Differences,2003,35(6):1401-1418.
[3]STEAD R,SHANAHAN M J,NEUFELD R W J.“I’ll go to therapy,eventually”:procrastination,stress and mental health[J].Personality&Individual Differences,2010,49(3):175-180.
[4]EERDE W V.Procrastination at work and time management training[J].Journal of Psychology,2003,137(5):421-34.
[5]KLASSEN R M,KRAWCHUK L L,RAJANI S.Academic procrastination of undergraduates:low self-efficacy to self-regulate predicts higher levels of procrastination[J].Contemporary Educational Psychology,2008,33(4):915-931.
[6]BLUEDORN A C,KALLIATH T J,STRUBE M J,et al.Polychronicity and the inventory of polychronic values(IPV):the development of an instrument to measure a fundamental dimension of organizational culture[J].Journal of Managerial Psychology,1999,14(3/4):205-231.
[7]GUPTA R,HERSHEY D A,GAUR J.Time perspective and procrastination in the workplace:an empirical investigation[J].Current Psychology,2012,31(2):195-211.
[8]FERRARI J R,TICE D M.Procrastination as a self-handicap for men and women:a task-avoidance strategy in a laboratory setting[J].Journal of Research in Personality,2000,34(1):73-83.
[9]FRITZSCHE B A,YOUNG B R,HICKSON K C.Individual differences in academic procrastination tendency and writing success[J].Personality&Individual Differences,2003,35(7):1549-1557.
[10]REBETEZ M M,BARSICS C,ROCHAT L,et al.Procrastination,consideration of future consequences,and episodic future thinking[J].Consciousness&Cognition,2016,42(4):286-292.
[11]GEORGE J M,JONES G R.The role of time in theory and theory building[J].Journal of Management,2000,26(4):657-684.
[12]ANCONA D G,OKHUYSEN G A,PERLOW L A.Taking time to integrate temporal research[J].Academy of Management Review,2001,26(4):512-529.
[13]SLOCOMBE T E,BLUEDORN A C.Organizational behavior implications of the congruence between preferred polychronicity and experienced work-unit polychronicity[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,1999,20(1):75-99.
[14]TAYLOR M S,LOCKE E A,LEE C,et al.Type a behavior and faculty research productivity:what are the mechanisms?[J].Organizational Behavior&Human Performance,1984,34(3):402-418.
[15]FREI R L,RACICOT B,TRAVAGLINE A.The impact of monochronic and type a behavior patterns on research productivity and stress[J].Journal of Managerial Psychology,1999,14(5):374-387.
[16]APPELBAUM S H,MARCHIONNI A,FERNANDEZ A.The multi-tasking paradox:perceptions,problems and strategies[J].Management Decision,2008,46(9):1313-1325.
[17]SALANCIK G R,PFEFFER J.A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1978,23(2):224-253.
[18]MATTARELLI E,BERTOLOTTI F,INCERTI V.The interplay between organizational polychronicity,multitasking behaviors and organizational identification:a mixed-methods study in knowledge intensive organizations[J].International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,2015,79(1):6-19.
[19]BARKLEY R A.Behavioral inhibition,sustained attention,and executive functions:constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.[J].Psychological Bulletin,1997,121(1):65-94.
[20]GRAWITCH M J,BARBER L K.In search of the relationship between polychronicity and multitasking performance:the importance of trait self-control.[J].Journal of Individual Differences,2013,34(4):222-229.
[21]SCHEIER,MICHAEL.On the self-regulation of behavior[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1998:120-147.
[22]BENABOU C.Polychronicity and temporal dimensions of work in learning organizations[J].Journal of Managerial Psychology,1999,14(3/4):257-270.
[23]CONTE J M,JACOBS R R.Validity evidence linking polychronicity and big five personality dimensions to absence,lateness,and supervisory performance ratings[J].Human Performance,2003,16(2):107-129.
[24]RIZZO J R,HOUSE R J,LIRTZMAN S I.Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations[J].Administrative science quarterly,1970,15(2):150-163.
[25]KAHN R L,WOLFE D M,QUINN R P,et al.Organizational stress:studies in role conflict and ambiguity[J].Administrative Science Uuarterly,1965,10(1):125-129.
[26]BOLINO M C,TURNLEY W H.The personal costs of citizenship behavior:the relationship between individual initiative and role overload,job stress,and work-family conflict[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2005,90(4):740-748.
[27]BROWN S P,JONES E,LEIGH T W.The attenuating effect of role overload on relationships linking self-efficacy and goal level to work performance[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2005,90(5):972-979.
[28]AHMAD A,SAUD S.The effect of role overload on employee anxiety and organization citizenship behavior[J].Journal of Managerial Sciences,2016,10(1):45-54.
[29]MATTHEWS R A,WINKEL D E.A longitudinal examination of role overload and work-family conflict:the mediating role of interdomain transitions[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2013,35(1):72-91.
[30]HOBFOLL S E.The influence of culture,community,and the nested-self in the stress process:advancing conservation of resources theory[J].Applied psychology,2001,50(3):337-421.
[31]WICKENS C D.Multiple resources and mental workload[J].Human Factors,2008,50(3):449-455.
[32]LOCKE E A.LATHAM GP.A theory of goal setting and task performance[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,1990:36-87.
[33]MALIK M I,SAJJAD M,HYDER S,et al.Role overload:a cause of diminishing employee retention and productivity[J].Middle East Journal of Scientific Research,2013,18(11):1573-1577.
[34]MURAVEN M,BAUMEISTER R F.Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources:does self-control resemble a muscle?[J].Psychological Bulletin,2000,126(2):247-59.
[35]MULKI J P,LASSK F G,JARAMILLO F.The effect of self-efficacy on salesperson work overload and pay satisfaction[J].Journal of Personal Selling&Sales Management,2008,28(3):285-297.
[36]WANG A C.When does benevolent leadership lead to creativity?the moderating role of creative role identity and job autonomy[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2010,31(1):106-121.
[37]FULLER J B,HESTER K,COX S S.Proactive personality and job performance:exploring job autonomy as a moderator[J].Journal of Managerial Issues,2010,22(1):35-51.
[38]SPREITZER G M.Psychological empowerment in the workplace:dimensions,measurement,and validation[J].Academy of Management Journal,1995,38(5):1442-1465.
[39]MOHAMMED S,NADKARNI S.Are we all on the same temporal page?the moderating effects of temporal team cognition on the polychronicity diversity-team performance relationship[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,2014,99(3):404-22.
[40]MCCANN D.temporal autonomy and the protective individualisation of working-time law:the case of overtime work[J].Labour&Industry A Journal of the Social&Economic Relations of Work,2007,17(3):29-43.
[41]SLOCOMBE T E,BLUEDORN A C.Organizational behavior implications of the congruence between preferred polychronicity and experienced work-unit polychronicity[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,1999,20(1):75-99.
[42]REBETEZ M M,ROCHAT L,GAY P,et al.Validation of a French version of the pure procrastination scale(PPS)[J].Comprehensive Psychiatry,2014,55(6):1442-1447.
[43]SCHAUBROECK J,COTTON J L,JENNINGS K R.Antecedents and consequences of role stress:a covariance structure analysis[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,1989,10(1):35-58.
[44]KIRKMAN B L,ROSEN B,TESLUK P E,et al.The impact of team empowerment on virtual team performance:the moderating role of face-to-face interaction[J].Academy of Management Journal,2004,47(2):175-192.
[45]刘东,张震,汪默.被调节的中介和被中介的调节:理论构建与模型检验[C]//陈小平,徐淑英,樊景立.组织与管理研究的实证方法.北京:北京大学出版社,2012:577-584.