2016年01号台风“尼伯特”对一次梅雨期降雨影响的数值试验
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摘要
本文应用分段位涡反演方法和中尺度WRF模式研究了2016年01号台风"尼伯特"对一次梅雨锋降水的影响,研究结果表明:减弱(增强)台风之后,降雨区的水汽通量增加7.34%(减少6.67%),动能增加7.78%(减少5.36%),对流有效位能增加6.66%(减少5.71%)。江淮地区降雨量出现累积降雨量增加10.21%(减少8.13%)。台风"尼伯特"在其加强、靠近中国大陆的过程中,迫使西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)北抬东撤,阻碍了沿副高边缘输送至江淮地区的水汽和热量,间接导致该地区降水显著减少至消失;此外台风增强过程中,本体环流对于水汽和能量的消耗增大,导致孟加拉湾输送至江淮降雨区的水汽和能量的减少,直接导致梅雨锋降水过程中止。
In this paper, the effects of typhoon Nepartak on a Meiyu frontal precipitation event is explored by using the piecewise potential vorticity inversion method and the mesoscale WRF model. The results show that after weakening(strengthening) the typhoon, the water vapor flux over the rainfall area increased by 7.34%(decreased by 6.67%), the kinetic energy increased by 7.78%(decreased by 5.36%), the convective available potential energy increased by 6.66%(decreased by 5.71%), and accumulated precipitation in the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin increased by 10.21%(decreased by 8.13%). During the period when typhoon Nepartak was strengthening and approaching Mainland China, the subtropical high was forced to move northward and retreat eastward, which could directly prevent the water vapor and thermal energy from transporting to the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin along the edge of the subtropical high and indirectly lead to significant precipitation reduction and even disappearance in the area.In addition,accompanied with the intensification of typhoon,the depletion of water vapor and energy of the noumenon circulation increased,leading to decreases in water vapor and energy transport form the Bay of Bengal to Yangtze–Huaihe River basin.As a result,the Meiyu frontal precipitation terminated.
In this paper, the effects of typhoon Nepartak on a Meiyu frontal precipitation event is explored by using the piecewise potential vorticity inversion method and the mesoscale WRF model. The results show that after weakening(strengthening) the typhoon, the water vapor flux over the rainfall area increased by 7.34%(decreased by 6.67%), the kinetic energy increased by 7.78%(decreased by 5.36%), the convective available potential energy increased by 6.66%(decreased by 5.71%), and accumulated precipitation in the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin increased by 10.21%(decreased by 8.13%). During the period when typhoon Nepartak was strengthening and approaching Mainland China, the subtropical high was forced to move northward and retreat eastward, which could directly prevent the water vapor and thermal energy from transporting to the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin along the edge of the subtropical high and indirectly lead to significant precipitation reduction and even disappearance in the area.In addition,accompanied with the intensification of typhoon,the depletion of water vapor and energy of the noumenon circulation increased,leading to decreases in water vapor and energy transport form the Bay of Bengal to Yangtze–Huaihe River basin.As a result,the Meiyu frontal precipitation terminated.
引文
陈联寿,孟智勇.2001.我国热带气旋研究十年进展[J].大气科学,25(3):420-432.Chen Lianshou,Meng Zhiyong.2001.An overview on tropical cyclone research progress in China during the past ten years[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),25(3):420-432.
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Davis C A,Emanuel K A.1991.Potential vorticity diagnostics of cyclogenesis[J].Mon.Wea.Rev.,119(8):1929-1953,doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<1929:PVDOC>2.0.CO;2.
Ding Y H.2007.The variability of the Asian summer monsoon[J].J.Meteor.Soc.Japan,85B(S):21-54,doi:10.2151/jmsj.85B.21.
冯立华.2003.中国登陆热带气旋与太平洋海温表温度的关系[J].地理学报,58(2):209-214.Feng L H.2003.Relationship between tropical cyclones landing in China and sea surface temperature in the Pacific[J].Acta Geograph.Sinica(in Chinese),58(2):209-214,doi:10.11821/xb200302007.
Hoskins B.1997.A potential vorticity view of synoptic development[J].Meteor.Appl.,4(4):325-334,doi:10.1017/S1350482797000716.
Hoskins B J,Mc Intyre M E,Robertson A.1985.On the use of and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps[J].Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,111(470):877-946,doi:10.1002/qj.49711147002.
Huang R H,Chen J L,Huang G.2007.Characteristics and variations of the East Asian monsoon system and its impacts on climate disasters in China[J].Adv.Atmos.Sci.,24(6):993-1023,doi:10.1007/s00376-007-0993-x.
蒋尚城.1983.远距离台风影响西风带特大暴雨的过程模式[J].气象学报,41(2):147-158.Jiang Shangcheng.1983.A synoptic model of the hardrain storm in westly belt affected by the far distant typhoon[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),41(2):147-158,doi:10.11676/qxxb1983.017.
Kang D,Li W H,Chen L S.1992.Typhoon 9106’s effect on Meiyu’s ending in Jianghuai valleys[C]//International Symposium Torrential Rain and Flood(in Chinese).2:259-260.
雷小途,陈联寿.2001.热带气旋的登陆及其与中纬度环流系统相互作用的研究[J].气象学报,59(5):602-615.Lei Xiaotu,Chen Lianshou.2001.Tropical cyclone landfalling and its interaction with mid-latitude circulation systems[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),59(5):602-615,doi:10.11676/qxxb2001.064.
李鲸,江静,张云谨.2011.江淮梅雨与西太平洋热带气旋的关系[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),33(S1):197-199,205.Li Jing,Jiang Jing,Zhang Yunjin.2011.The relation between Meiyu of Yangtze and Huaihe and tropic of Pacific Ocean[J].J.Yunnan Univ.(in Chinese),33(S1):197-199,205.
李江南,王安宇,杨兆礼,等.2003.台风暴雨的研究进展[J].热带气象学报,19(S):152-159.Li Jiangnan,Wang Anyu,Yang Zhaoli,et al.2003.Advancement in the study of typhoon rainstorm[J].J.Trop.Meteor.(in Chinese),19(S):152-159,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2003.z1.017.
李英,陈联寿,雷小途.2006.高空槽对9711号台风变性加强影响的数值研究[J].气象学报,64(5):552-563,Li Ying,Chen Lianshou,Lei Xiaotu.2006.Numerical study on impacts of upper-level westerly trough on the extratropical transition process of typhoon WINNIE(1997)[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),64(5):552-563,doi:10.11676/qxxb2006.054.
任素玲,刘屹岷,吴国雄.2007.西太平洋副热带高压和台风相互作用的数值试验研究[J].气象学报,65(3):329-340.Ren Suling,Liu Yimin,Wu Guoxiong.2007.Interactions between typhoon and subtropical anticyclone over western Pacific revealed by numerical experiments[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),65(3):329-340,doi:10.11676/qxxb2007.032.
Tao S Y,Zhu F K,San C R.1992.The low and midlatitude circulation characteristics during the Meiyu period in 1991[C]//International Symposium Torrential Rain and Flood(in Chinese).4:27-28.
陶诗言.1980.中国之暴雨[M].北京:科学出版社,8-11.Tao Shiyan.1980.Rainstroms in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,8-11.
杨晓霞,陈联寿,刘诗军,等.2008.山东省远距离热带气旋暴雨研究[J].气象学报,66(2):236-250.Yang Xiaoxia,Chen Lianshou,Liu Shijun,et al.2008.A study of the far distance tropical cyclone torrential rainfalls in Shandong Province[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),66(2):236-250,doi:10.11676/qxxb2008.023.
张兴强,丁治英,何金海.2004.非纬向高空急流与远距离台风中尺度暴雨的相关统计特征[J].山东气象,24(S):7-9.Zhang Xingqiang,Ding Zhiying,He Jinhai.2004.The characteristic of correlation statistics between storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal high altitude jet streak[J].J.Shandong Meteor.(in Chinese),24(S):7-9.
赵润华,江静.2009.江淮梅雨与西北太平洋台风的关系[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),45(3):365-376.Zhao Runhua,Jiang Jing,2009.Relationship between typhoon in the northwestern Pacific and Meiyu in the Yangtze and Huaihe valleys,eastern China[J].J.Nanjing Univ.(Nat.Sci.)(in Chinese),45(3):365-376,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0469-5097.2009.03.005.
周毅,寇正,王云峰.1998.气旋生成机制的位涡反演诊断[J].气象科学,18(2):121-127.Zhou Yi,Kou Zheng,Wang Yunfeng.1998.Potential vorticity invertibility diagnostic of cyclogenesis mechanism[J].Sci.Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),18(2):121-127.
Kain J S,Fritsch J M.1990.A one-dimensional entraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization[J].J.Atmos.Sci.,(47),2784-2802.
Morrison H,Thompson G,Tatarskii V.2009.Impact of a cloud microphysics on the development of trailing stratiform precipitation in a simulated squall line:Comparison of one-and two-moment schemes[J].Monthly Weather Review,991-1007.
Hong S Y,Dudhia J,Chen S H.2004.A revised approach to ice microphysical processes for the bulk parameterization of clouds and precipitation[J].Monthly Weather Review,132,103-120.
陈联寿.2006.热带气旋研究和业务预报技术的发展[J].应用气象学报,17(6):672-681.Chen Lianshou.2006.The evolution on research and operational forecasting techniques of tropical cyclones[J].J.Appl.Meteor.Sci.,17(6):672-681,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2006.06.005.
Cheng Z H,Kang D,Chen L S,et al.1999.Interaction between tropical cyclone and Meiyu front[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica,13(1):35-46.
Davis C A,Emanuel K A.1991.Potential vorticity diagnostics of cyclogenesis[J].Mon.Wea.Rev.,119(8):1929-1953,doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<1929:PVDOC>2.0.CO;2.
Ding Y H.2007.The variability of the Asian summer monsoon[J].J.Meteor.Soc.Japan,85B(S):21-54,doi:10.2151/jmsj.85B.21.
冯立华.2003.中国登陆热带气旋与太平洋海温表温度的关系[J].地理学报,58(2):209-214.Feng L H.2003.Relationship between tropical cyclones landing in China and sea surface temperature in the Pacific[J].Acta Geograph.Sinica(in Chinese),58(2):209-214,doi:10.11821/xb200302007.
Hoskins B.1997.A potential vorticity view of synoptic development[J].Meteor.Appl.,4(4):325-334,doi:10.1017/S1350482797000716.
Hoskins B J,Mc Intyre M E,Robertson A.1985.On the use of and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps[J].Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,111(470):877-946,doi:10.1002/qj.49711147002.
Huang R H,Chen J L,Huang G.2007.Characteristics and variations of the East Asian monsoon system and its impacts on climate disasters in China[J].Adv.Atmos.Sci.,24(6):993-1023,doi:10.1007/s00376-007-0993-x.
蒋尚城.1983.远距离台风影响西风带特大暴雨的过程模式[J].气象学报,41(2):147-158.Jiang Shangcheng.1983.A synoptic model of the hardrain storm in westly belt affected by the far distant typhoon[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),41(2):147-158,doi:10.11676/qxxb1983.017.
Kang D,Li W H,Chen L S.1992.Typhoon 9106’s effect on Meiyu’s ending in Jianghuai valleys[C]//International Symposium Torrential Rain and Flood(in Chinese).2:259-260.
雷小途,陈联寿.2001.热带气旋的登陆及其与中纬度环流系统相互作用的研究[J].气象学报,59(5):602-615.Lei Xiaotu,Chen Lianshou.2001.Tropical cyclone landfalling and its interaction with mid-latitude circulation systems[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),59(5):602-615,doi:10.11676/qxxb2001.064.
李鲸,江静,张云谨.2011.江淮梅雨与西太平洋热带气旋的关系[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),33(S1):197-199,205.Li Jing,Jiang Jing,Zhang Yunjin.2011.The relation between Meiyu of Yangtze and Huaihe and tropic of Pacific Ocean[J].J.Yunnan Univ.(in Chinese),33(S1):197-199,205.
李江南,王安宇,杨兆礼,等.2003.台风暴雨的研究进展[J].热带气象学报,19(S):152-159.Li Jiangnan,Wang Anyu,Yang Zhaoli,et al.2003.Advancement in the study of typhoon rainstorm[J].J.Trop.Meteor.(in Chinese),19(S):152-159,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-4965.2003.z1.017.
李英,陈联寿,雷小途.2006.高空槽对9711号台风变性加强影响的数值研究[J].气象学报,64(5):552-563,Li Ying,Chen Lianshou,Lei Xiaotu.2006.Numerical study on impacts of upper-level westerly trough on the extratropical transition process of typhoon WINNIE(1997)[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),64(5):552-563,doi:10.11676/qxxb2006.054.
任素玲,刘屹岷,吴国雄.2007.西太平洋副热带高压和台风相互作用的数值试验研究[J].气象学报,65(3):329-340.Ren Suling,Liu Yimin,Wu Guoxiong.2007.Interactions between typhoon and subtropical anticyclone over western Pacific revealed by numerical experiments[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),65(3):329-340,doi:10.11676/qxxb2007.032.
Tao S Y,Zhu F K,San C R.1992.The low and midlatitude circulation characteristics during the Meiyu period in 1991[C]//International Symposium Torrential Rain and Flood(in Chinese).4:27-28.
陶诗言.1980.中国之暴雨[M].北京:科学出版社,8-11.Tao Shiyan.1980.Rainstroms in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,8-11.
杨晓霞,陈联寿,刘诗军,等.2008.山东省远距离热带气旋暴雨研究[J].气象学报,66(2):236-250.Yang Xiaoxia,Chen Lianshou,Liu Shijun,et al.2008.A study of the far distance tropical cyclone torrential rainfalls in Shandong Province[J].Acta Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),66(2):236-250,doi:10.11676/qxxb2008.023.
张兴强,丁治英,何金海.2004.非纬向高空急流与远距离台风中尺度暴雨的相关统计特征[J].山东气象,24(S):7-9.Zhang Xingqiang,Ding Zhiying,He Jinhai.2004.The characteristic of correlation statistics between storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal high altitude jet streak[J].J.Shandong Meteor.(in Chinese),24(S):7-9.
赵润华,江静.2009.江淮梅雨与西北太平洋台风的关系[J].南京大学学报(自然科学),45(3):365-376.Zhao Runhua,Jiang Jing,2009.Relationship between typhoon in the northwestern Pacific and Meiyu in the Yangtze and Huaihe valleys,eastern China[J].J.Nanjing Univ.(Nat.Sci.)(in Chinese),45(3):365-376,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0469-5097.2009.03.005.
周毅,寇正,王云峰.1998.气旋生成机制的位涡反演诊断[J].气象科学,18(2):121-127.Zhou Yi,Kou Zheng,Wang Yunfeng.1998.Potential vorticity invertibility diagnostic of cyclogenesis mechanism[J].Sci.Meteor.Sinica(in Chinese),18(2):121-127.
Kain J S,Fritsch J M.1990.A one-dimensional entraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization[J].J.Atmos.Sci.,(47),2784-2802.
Morrison H,Thompson G,Tatarskii V.2009.Impact of a cloud microphysics on the development of trailing stratiform precipitation in a simulated squall line:Comparison of one-and two-moment schemes[J].Monthly Weather Review,991-1007.
Hong S Y,Dudhia J,Chen S H.2004.A revised approach to ice microphysical processes for the bulk parameterization of clouds and precipitation[J].Monthly Weather Review,132,103-120.