内蒙古东北部地区一次极端降雪过程的水汽输送特征
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摘要
利用内蒙古呼伦贝尔市常规观测资料和GDAS、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用欧拉方法分析了2016年春季内蒙古东北部地区一次极端暴雪过程的水汽输送及收支特征,利用HYSPLIT模式和聚类分析模拟计算了此次暴雪天气过程的水汽源地、主要水汽输送通道及其对水汽输送的贡献,并与传统的欧拉方法结果进行对比。结果表明:(1)有3支不同源地的水汽流在内蒙古东北部地区交汇,对呼伦贝尔地区暴雪的发生与维持有重要影响;(2)经向和纬向输送为此次暴雪天气的发生提供了充足的水汽,暴雪区水汽主要源于中高层的南边界和随西风气流的西边界;(3)利用HYSPLIT模式模拟发现,在此次暴雪天气过程中水汽主要来源于新地岛以西洋面、日本海以及巴尔喀什湖,且三者贡献率大致相当。
Based on the conventional observation data in Hulunbuir of Inner Mongolia and reanalysis data from GDAS and NECP/NCAR, the characteristics of water vapor transport and budget during an extreme snowfall process in the northeast of Inner Mongolia in spring of 2016 were analyzed by using Euler method. Then, the water vapor sources, main water vapor transport channels and their contribution to water vapor transport of the heavy snowfall process were simulated by HYSPLIT model and clustered, and compared with the traditional results obtained by Euler method. The results are as follows:(1) Three water vapor streams from different sources met in northeastern part of Inner Mongolia, which had an important impact on the snowstorm process in Hulunbuir region.(2) Meridional and zonal transportation provided sufficient water vapor condition for the snowstorm process. The water vapor over snowstorm area mainly came from water vapor transport at the southern boundary in middle and upper levels and the western boundary with the westerly airflow.(3) The simulated results by HYSPLIT model showed that there were mainly three water vapor sources during the heavy snowfall process, they were the ocean surface west of the Xindi Island, the Japan Sea and the Balkhash Lake, respectively, and their contribution rates of water vapor over Hulunbuir area were roughly equivalent.
Based on the conventional observation data in Hulunbuir of Inner Mongolia and reanalysis data from GDAS and NECP/NCAR, the characteristics of water vapor transport and budget during an extreme snowfall process in the northeast of Inner Mongolia in spring of 2016 were analyzed by using Euler method. Then, the water vapor sources, main water vapor transport channels and their contribution to water vapor transport of the heavy snowfall process were simulated by HYSPLIT model and clustered, and compared with the traditional results obtained by Euler method. The results are as follows:(1) Three water vapor streams from different sources met in northeastern part of Inner Mongolia, which had an important impact on the snowstorm process in Hulunbuir region.(2) Meridional and zonal transportation provided sufficient water vapor condition for the snowstorm process. The water vapor over snowstorm area mainly came from water vapor transport at the southern boundary in middle and upper levels and the western boundary with the westerly airflow.(3) The simulated results by HYSPLIT model showed that there were mainly three water vapor sources during the heavy snowfall process, they were the ocean surface west of the Xindi Island, the Japan Sea and the Balkhash Lake, respectively, and their contribution rates of water vapor over Hulunbuir area were roughly equivalent.
引文
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[26]王婧羽,崔春光,王晓芳,等. 2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨过程的水汽输送特征[J].气象,2014,40(2):133-145.
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[28]魏铁鑫,缪启龙,段春锋,等.近50 a东北冷涡暴雨水汽源地分布及其水汽贡献率分析[J].气象科学,2015,35(1):60-65.
[29]王佳津,王春学,陈朝平,等.基于HYSPLIT4的一次四川盆地夏季暴雨水汽路径和源地分析[J].气象,2015,41(11):1315-1327.
[30]陈斌,徐祥德,施晓晖.拉格朗日方法诊断2007年7月中国东部系列极端降水的水汽输送路径及其可能蒸发源区[J].气象学报,2011,69(5):810-818.
[2]陈豫英,陈楠,翟颖佳,等. 2015年深秋宁夏冷涡降雪过程的预报性分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(3):465-474.
[3]申李文,苗爱梅,赵建峰. 2011年山西省一次连续性降雪过程成因分析[J].气象与环境科学,2013,36(1):7-14.
[4]刘畅,杨成芳.山东省极端降雪天气事件特征分析[J].干旱气象,2017,35(6):957-967.
[5]马振升.河南省区域暴雪的天气学分型及应用[J].气象与环境科学,2013,36(1):54-60.
[6]刘晶,李娜,陈春艳.新疆北部一次暖区暴雪过程锋面结构及中尺度云团分析[J].高原气象,2018,37(1):158-166.
[7]HUANG Y R,XUE Z H,XU C. A study on snowstorm weather in coastal area of western Antarctic[J]. Marine Science Bulletin,2003,15(1):24-31.
[8]LACKMANN G M. Analysis of a surprise western New York snowstorm[J]. Weather and Forecasting,2001,16(1):99-116.
[9]STEENBURGH W J,ONTON D J. Multiscale analysis of the 7 December 1998 Great Salt Lake effect snowstorm[J]. Monthly Weather Review,2001,129(6):1296-1317.
[10]ONTON D J,STEENBURGH W J. Diagnostic and sensitivity studies of the 7 December 1998 Great Salt Lake effect snowstorm[J].Monthly Weather Review,2001,129(6):1318-1338.
[11]刘玉莲,任国玉,于宏敏.中国降雪气候学特征[J].地理科学,2012,32(10):1176-1185.
[12]张志富,希爽,刘娜,等. 1961-2012年中国降雪时空变化特征分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1765-1773.
[13]朱爱民,寿绍文.长江中下游地区“84. 1”暴雪过程分析[J].气象,1993,19(3):20-23.
[14]胡中明.中高纬暴雪形成的统计分析和机理研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2003.
[15]李如琦,唐冶,肉孜·阿基. 2010年新疆北部暴雪异常的环流和水汽特征分析[J].高原气象,2013,34(1):155-162.
[16]杨莲梅,刘雯.新疆北部持续性暴雪过程成因分析[J].高原气象,2016,35(2):507-519.
[17]王东勇,刘勇,周昆. 2004年末黄淮暴雪的特点分析和数值模拟[J].气象,2006,32(1):30-35.
[18]周淑玲,朱先德,符长静,等.山东半岛典型冷涡暴雪个例对流云及风场特征的观测与模拟[J].高原气象,2009,28(4):935-944.
[19]杨青莹,杨万康,郑智佳,等.一次南方特大暴雪灾害过程诊断分析[J].气象研究与应用,2015,36(2):36-39,128.
[20]孙力,马梁臣,沈柏竹,等. 2010年7~8月东北地区暴雨过程的水汽输送特征分析[J].大气科学,2016,40(3):630-646.
[21]迟竹萍,龚佃利.山东一次连续性降雪过程云微物理参数数值模拟研究[J].气象,2006,32(7):25-32.
[22]白人海,张志秀,高煜中.东北区域暴雪天气分析及数值模拟[J].气象,2008,34(4):22-29.
[23]BRIMELOW J C,REUTER G W. Transport of atmospheric moisture during three extreme rainfall events over the Mackenzie River basin[J]. Journal of Hydrometeorology,2005,6(4):423-440.
[24]GIMENO L,DRUMOND A,NIETO R,et al. On the origin of continental precipitation[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2010,37(13):1029-1034.
[25]江志红,梁卓然,刘征字,等. 2007年淮河流域强降水过程的水汽输送特征分析[J].大气科学,2011,35(2):361-372.
[26]王婧羽,崔春光,王晓芳,等. 2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨过程的水汽输送特征[J].气象,2014,40(2):133-145.
[27]杨浩,江志红,刘征宇,等.基于拉格朗日法的水汽输送气候特征分析——江淮梅雨和淮北雨季的对比[J].大气科学,2014,38(5):965-973.
[28]魏铁鑫,缪启龙,段春锋,等.近50 a东北冷涡暴雨水汽源地分布及其水汽贡献率分析[J].气象科学,2015,35(1):60-65.
[29]王佳津,王春学,陈朝平,等.基于HYSPLIT4的一次四川盆地夏季暴雨水汽路径和源地分析[J].气象,2015,41(11):1315-1327.
[30]陈斌,徐祥德,施晓晖.拉格朗日方法诊断2007年7月中国东部系列极端降水的水汽输送路径及其可能蒸发源区[J].气象学报,2011,69(5):810-818.