大豆集排带式排种器设计与试验
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摘要
为简化播种单体结构,适应大豆窄行密植农艺对播种机的要求,设计了一种大豆集排带式排种器。阐述了该排种器的基本结构和工作原理,并通过理论分析确定了关键部件结构参数。应用三因素五水平二次正交旋转中心组合试验方法进行了参数优化试验,建立了以气压、作业速度、清种振动频率为试验因素,以合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标的数学模型,分析了各因素对合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数的影响规律。确定最佳参数组合为:气压4. 4 kPa、作业速度10. 5 km/h、清种振动频率44. 6 Hz,此时排种器性能指标为:合格指数90. 65%、重播指数1. 97%、漏播指数7. 38%。表明该排种器满足播种机的技术要求。
In order to simplify the structure of seeding monomer,improve the quality of planting,and meet the agricultural requirements of narrow row of soy closely planting on planter,a centralized belt type soybean seed-metering device was designed. The method of circulating flow seed filling and vibrating seed cleaning of the seed-metering device was described. The key structural parameters,such as supporting wheel,vibration bench for clearing seed,seed conveyor belt,position of air inlet and sealing device were determined through theoretical analysis and simulation analysis. The mechanical model of seed filling process and seed cleaning process was established,and the basic structure and working principle of the seed-metering device were introduced. The experiment was employed through the method of quadratic orthogonal rotating center combination of three factors and five levels according to national standard( GB6973—2005). In test,soybean seed Heinong 38 was selected as experimental material. Combining with extensive pre-experiment and theoretical analysis,the air pressure,working speed and clear vibration frequency were taken as the main influencing factors,and seed qualified index,multiple index and missing index were taken as the response index,the experimental research was carried out. The optimal combination of parameters were clear vibration frequency of 44. 6 Hz,air pressure value of 4. 4 kPa and working speed of 10. 5 km/h,and under the optimal combinations,the qualified index was 90. 65%,the multiple index was 1. 97%,and the missing index was 7. 38%,the verification test was repeated five times,the results indicated that the actual test results were in agreement with the optimization results.This seed-metering device could meet the seeding requirements well. The research results provided a reference for the research of centralized precision seed-meter device.
In order to simplify the structure of seeding monomer,improve the quality of planting,and meet the agricultural requirements of narrow row of soy closely planting on planter,a centralized belt type soybean seed-metering device was designed. The method of circulating flow seed filling and vibrating seed cleaning of the seed-metering device was described. The key structural parameters,such as supporting wheel,vibration bench for clearing seed,seed conveyor belt,position of air inlet and sealing device were determined through theoretical analysis and simulation analysis. The mechanical model of seed filling process and seed cleaning process was established,and the basic structure and working principle of the seed-metering device were introduced. The experiment was employed through the method of quadratic orthogonal rotating center combination of three factors and five levels according to national standard( GB6973—2005). In test,soybean seed Heinong 38 was selected as experimental material. Combining with extensive pre-experiment and theoretical analysis,the air pressure,working speed and clear vibration frequency were taken as the main influencing factors,and seed qualified index,multiple index and missing index were taken as the response index,the experimental research was carried out. The optimal combination of parameters were clear vibration frequency of 44. 6 Hz,air pressure value of 4. 4 kPa and working speed of 10. 5 km/h,and under the optimal combinations,the qualified index was 90. 65%,the multiple index was 1. 97%,and the missing index was 7. 38%,the verification test was repeated five times,the results indicated that the actual test results were in agreement with the optimization results.This seed-metering device could meet the seeding requirements well. The research results provided a reference for the research of centralized precision seed-meter device.
引文
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[10]常金丽,张晓辉. 2BQ-10型气流一阶集排式排种系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):136-141.CHANG Jinli,ZHANG Xiaohui. Design and test of one-step centralized type pneumatic seeding system[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(1):136-141.(in Chinese)
[11]廖庆喜,雷小龙,廖宜涛,等.油菜精量播种技术研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):1-16.LIAO Qingxi,LEI Xiaolong,LIAO Yitao,et al. Research progress of precision seeding for rapeseed[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):1-16. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170901&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 09. 001.(in Chinese)
[12]张顺,夏俊芳,周勇,等.气力滚筒式水稻直播精量排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):11-19.ZHANG Shun,XIA Junfang,ZHOU Yong,et al. Design and experiment of pneumatic cylinder-type precision direct seedmetering device for rice[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):11-19.(in Chinese)
[13]祁兵,张东兴,崔涛.中央集排气送式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):8-15.QI Bing,ZHANG Dongxing,CUI Tao. Design and experiment of centralized pneumatic metering device for maize[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(18):8-15.(in Chinese)
[14]雷小龙,廖宜涛,李兆东,等.种层厚度对油麦兼用集排器供种装置充种性能的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):11-19.LEI Xiaolong,LIAO Yitao,LI Zhaodong,et al. Effects of seed layer thickness on seed filling performance of seed feeding device for rapeseed and wheat[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(6):11-19.(in Chinese)
[15] KUMAR V J F,DIVAKER C D. Influence of head geometry on the distributive performance of air-assisted seed drills[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,2000,75(1):81-95.
[16] PRASANNA KUMAR G V,SRIVASTAVA BRIJESH,NAGESH D S,et al. Modeling and optimization of parameters of flow rate of paddy rice grains through the horizontal rotating cylindrical drum of drum seeder[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2009,65(1):26-35.
[17]史嵩,张东兴,杨丽,等.气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):10-18.SHI Song,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al. Design and experiment of pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with combined holes[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(5):10-18.(in Chinese)
[18]尹海燕.国内外气力式排种器发展研究[J].农业科技与装备,2013(8):19-20.YIN Haiyan. Research on the development of domestic and foreign pneumatic seed sowing device[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment,2013(8):19-20.(in Chinese)
[19]王业成.摩擦式精密排种器的设计与试验研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.WANG Yecheng. Design and experiment of friction precision seed-metering device[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
[20]张波屏.播种机械设计原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[21]何为,薛卫东,唐斌.优化试验设计方法与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.
[2]张昆,衣淑娟.气吸滚筒式玉米排种器充种性能仿真与试验优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):78-86.ZHANG Kun,YI Shujuan. Simulation and experimental optimization on filling seeds performance of seed metering device with roller of air-suction[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):78-86. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170710&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 07. 010.(in Chinese)
[3]王业成,靳亚东,罗嗣博,等.集排式大豆精量排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(6):112-118.WANG Yecheng,JIN Yadong,LUO Sibo,et al. Design and experiment of centralized precision soybean seed-metering device[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):112-118. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180613&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 06.013.(in Chinese)
[4]陈玉龙,贾洪雷,王佳旭,等.大豆高速精密播种机凸勺排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):95-104.CHEN Yulong,JIA Honglei,WANG Jiaxu,et al. Design and experiment of scoop metering device for soybean high-speed and precision seeder[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):95-104. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170810&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 08. 010.(in Chinese)
[5]李国林,宋炜,毛俐,等.国内外几种主要排种器的特点[J].农业科技与装备,2011(8):70-71,73.LI Guolin,SONG Wei,MAO Li,et al. Features of some main seed-metering devices at home and abroad[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment,2011(8):70-71,73.(in Chinese)
[6]廖庆喜,张猛,余佳佳,等.气力集排式油菜精量排种器[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(8):30-34.LIAO Qingxi,ZHANG Meng,YU Jiajia,et al. Pneumatic centralized metering device for rapeseed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(8):30-34.(in Chinese)
[7]秦军伟,张晓辉,姜忠爱,等.探讨集中式排种器的排种机理及其发展[J].农业装备技术,2004,30(4):22-23.QIN Junwei,ZHANG Xiaohui,JIANG Zhongai,et al. Research of seeding principles of centralized type seed meters and its development[J]. Agricultural Equipment and Technology,2004,30(4):22-23.(in Chinese)
[8]张晓辉,王永振,仉利,等.小麦气力集排器排种分配系统设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(3):59-67.ZHANG Xiaohui,WANG Yongzhen,ZHANG Li,et al. Design and experiment of wheat pneumatic centralized seeding distributing system[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(3):59-67. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180307&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 03. 007.(in Chinese)
[9]廖庆喜,张宁,张朋玲,等.一器多行离心式油菜排种器[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(2):48-51,95.LIAO Qingxi,ZHANG Ning,ZHANG Pengling,et al. Centrifugal metering device for rapeseed[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(2):48-51,95. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20120210&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012. 02. 010.(in Chinese)
[10]常金丽,张晓辉. 2BQ-10型气流一阶集排式排种系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):136-141.CHANG Jinli,ZHANG Xiaohui. Design and test of one-step centralized type pneumatic seeding system[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(1):136-141.(in Chinese)
[11]廖庆喜,雷小龙,廖宜涛,等.油菜精量播种技术研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):1-16.LIAO Qingxi,LEI Xiaolong,LIAO Yitao,et al. Research progress of precision seeding for rapeseed[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):1-16. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170901&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 09. 001.(in Chinese)
[12]张顺,夏俊芳,周勇,等.气力滚筒式水稻直播精量排种器的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):11-19.ZHANG Shun,XIA Junfang,ZHOU Yong,et al. Design and experiment of pneumatic cylinder-type precision direct seedmetering device for rice[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(1):11-19.(in Chinese)
[13]祁兵,张东兴,崔涛.中央集排气送式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):8-15.QI Bing,ZHANG Dongxing,CUI Tao. Design and experiment of centralized pneumatic metering device for maize[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(18):8-15.(in Chinese)
[14]雷小龙,廖宜涛,李兆东,等.种层厚度对油麦兼用集排器供种装置充种性能的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):11-19.LEI Xiaolong,LIAO Yitao,LI Zhaodong,et al. Effects of seed layer thickness on seed filling performance of seed feeding device for rapeseed and wheat[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(6):11-19.(in Chinese)
[15] KUMAR V J F,DIVAKER C D. Influence of head geometry on the distributive performance of air-assisted seed drills[J].Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,2000,75(1):81-95.
[16] PRASANNA KUMAR G V,SRIVASTAVA BRIJESH,NAGESH D S,et al. Modeling and optimization of parameters of flow rate of paddy rice grains through the horizontal rotating cylindrical drum of drum seeder[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2009,65(1):26-35.
[17]史嵩,张东兴,杨丽,等.气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):10-18.SHI Song,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al. Design and experiment of pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with combined holes[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(5):10-18.(in Chinese)
[18]尹海燕.国内外气力式排种器发展研究[J].农业科技与装备,2013(8):19-20.YIN Haiyan. Research on the development of domestic and foreign pneumatic seed sowing device[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment,2013(8):19-20.(in Chinese)
[19]王业成.摩擦式精密排种器的设计与试验研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.WANG Yecheng. Design and experiment of friction precision seed-metering device[D]. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
[20]张波屏.播种机械设计原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[21]何为,薛卫东,唐斌.优化试验设计方法与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.