粉末原料对SPS法制备WC-6Co硬质合金组织性能的影响
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摘要
以不同形貌结构的WC-6Co复合粉和传统湿磨制备的WC-6Co混合粉为原料,通过放电等离子烧结制备出WC-6Co硬质合金,采用SEM、显微硬度计、密度仪、钴磁仪和矫顽磁力计等对硬质合金的微观组织、力学和物理性能进行了表征。分析结果表明:采用喷雾转化、低温煅烧、原位合成制备的球形复合粉为原料,经SPS法制备所得的WC-6Co硬质合金中残留有较多孔隙,合金密度仅为14.21g/cm~3,将球形复合粉湿磨48h后制备的合金密度略有提升,但硬度和韧性较低。分别采用喷雾转化、低温煅烧加短时球磨、原位合成制备的松散型WC-6Co复合粉和传统湿磨制备的WC-6Co混合粉为原料,经SPS法制备的合金微观组织均匀、合金孔隙减少,两组合金的密度分别增加至14.77、14.73g/cm~3;显微硬度分别增大至2 045、1 929kg/mm~2,韧性分别为8.76、9.29MPa/m~(1/2)。
WC-6 Co cemented carbide was prepared by spark plasma sintering using WC-6 Co composite powder with different morphology and WC-6 Co mixed powder prepared by traditional wet milling as raw materials.The microstructure,mechanical and physical properties of the cemented carbide were characterized by SEM,microhardness tester,densitometer,cobalt magnetometer and coercive magnetometer.The results show that there are many residual pores in WC-6 Co cemented carbide with density of only 14.21 g/cm~3 prepared by SPS and using the spherical composite powder prepared by spray conversion,low-temperature calcination and in-situ synthesis as the raw material.The density of the alloy prepared by wet milling of spherical composite powder for 48 hslightly increases,but its hardness and toughness are lower.The microstructure is uniform and the porosity is reduced of the alloy prepared by SPS and using the loose WC-6 Co composite powder prepared by spray conversion,low-temperature calcination,short time ball milling and in-situ synthesis or WC-6 Co mixed powder prepared by traditional wet milling as raw materials,respectively.The densities of the two groups of alloys increase to 14.77 g/cm~3 and 14.73 g/cm~3,the microhardnesses increase to 2 045 kg/mm~2 and 1 929 kg/mm~2,and the toughnesses are 8.76 MPa/m~(1/2) and 9.29 MPa/m~(1/2),respectively.
WC-6 Co cemented carbide was prepared by spark plasma sintering using WC-6 Co composite powder with different morphology and WC-6 Co mixed powder prepared by traditional wet milling as raw materials.The microstructure,mechanical and physical properties of the cemented carbide were characterized by SEM,microhardness tester,densitometer,cobalt magnetometer and coercive magnetometer.The results show that there are many residual pores in WC-6 Co cemented carbide with density of only 14.21 g/cm~3 prepared by SPS and using the spherical composite powder prepared by spray conversion,low-temperature calcination and in-situ synthesis as the raw material.The density of the alloy prepared by wet milling of spherical composite powder for 48 hslightly increases,but its hardness and toughness are lower.The microstructure is uniform and the porosity is reduced of the alloy prepared by SPS and using the loose WC-6 Co composite powder prepared by spray conversion,low-temperature calcination,short time ball milling and in-situ synthesis or WC-6 Co mixed powder prepared by traditional wet milling as raw materials,respectively.The densities of the two groups of alloys increase to 14.77 g/cm~3 and 14.73 g/cm~3,the microhardnesses increase to 2 045 kg/mm~2 and 1 929 kg/mm~2,and the toughnesses are 8.76 MPa/m~(1/2) and 9.29 MPa/m~(1/2),respectively.
引文
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[25]QU X Q,SONG M,SHEN T T,et al.Fabrication and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained WC-10Co-0.45Cr3C2-0.25VC alloys[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2011,29:260-267.
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[27]DAOUSH W M,PARK H S,LEE K H,et al.Effect of binder compositions on microstructure,hardness and magnetic properties of(Ta,Nb)C-Co and(Ta,Nb)CNi cemented carbides[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2009,27:669-675.
[2]羊建高,吕健,朱二涛,等.连续还原碳化法制备纳米WC-Co复合粉研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2013,4(5):23-27.
[3]HUANG Z,REN X R,LIU M X,et al.Effect of Cu on the microstructures and properties of WC-6Co cemented carbides fabricated by SPS[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2017,62:155-160.
[4]ROEBUCK B,BENNETT E G.Hardmetal toughness tests:Vamas interlaboratory exercise[M].Teddington:National Physical Laboratory,2005:1-38.
[5]RAIHANUZZAMAN R M,HAN S T.Conventional sintering of WC with nano-sized Co binder:Characterization and mechanical behavior[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2015,53:2-6.
[6]XIE H,LIU Y,YE J W,et al.Effect of(Cr0.8V0.2)2(C,N)addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-8Co cemented carbides[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2014,47:145-149.
[7]万林生,曾学品,赖星任,等.仲钨酸铵结晶掺Cr制备的WC粉和超细硬质合金的性能研究[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,2016,44(6):54-59.
[8]MANDEL K,KRUGER L,SCHIMPF C.Particle properties of submicron-sized WC-12Co processed by planetary ball milling[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2014,42:200-204.
[9]SUN J F,ZHANG F M,SHEN J.Characterizations of ball-milled nanocrystalline WC-Co composite powders and subsequently rapid hot pressing sintered cermet[J].Materials Letters,2003,57:3 140-3 148.
[10]王瑶,宋晓艳,刘雪梅,等.氧化-还原碳化法回收再生高性能硬质合金的研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2014,43(12):3 172-3 176.
[11]RYU T,SOHN H Y,HWANG K S,et al.Plasma synthesis of tungsten carbide and cobalt nanocomposite powder[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,481(1):274-277.
[12]LIN N,HE Y H,WU C H,et al.Fabrication of tungsten carbide-vanadium carbide core-shell structure powders and their application as an inhibitor for the sintering of cemented carbides[J].Scripta Materialia,2012,67:826-829.
[13]LI Y,XIE K,YE J,et al.Preparation of core-shell WCCo composite powder[J].Materials Research Innovations,2014,18(4):289-293.
[14]XIONG Z,SHAO G Q,SHI X L,et al.Ultrafine hardmetals prepared by WC-10wt.%Co composite powder[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2008,26(3):242-250.
[15]GUO S D,BAO R,YANG P,et al.Morphology and carbon content of WC-6%Co nanosized composite powders prepared using glucose as carbon source[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2018,28:722-728.
[16]GUO S D,SHEN T,BAO R,et al.Synthesis and characterization of WC-6Co nanocrystalline composite powder[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2018,47(7):1 986-1 992.
[17]郭圣达,鲍瑞,刘亮,等.原位合成复合粉制备超细WC-Co硬质合金[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2017,46(12):3 977-3 982.
[18]郭圣达,羊建高,朱二涛,等.WC-Co复合粉形貌遗传特性及粒度分布研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2016,45(5):1 330-1 334.
[19]郭圣达,羊建高,朱二涛,等.XRD技术在纳米WC-Co复合粉制备过程中的应用[J].稀有金属与硬质合金.2015,43(2):25-29.
[20]郭圣达,羊建高,陈颢,等.直接碳化原位合成WC-Co复合粉的反应过程[J].功能材料,2015,46(5):05 128-05 131.
[21]GUO S D,BAO R,YANG J G,et al.Effect of Mo and Y2O3additions on the microstructure and properties of fine WC-Co cemented carbides fabricated by spark plasma sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2017,69:1-10.
[22]毛善文.超细硬质合金烧结过程中WC扩散-溶解-析出特征与机理研究[J].硬质合金,2014,31(2):67-71.
[23]SUN L,YANG T,JIA C C,et al.VC,Cr3C2doped ultrafine WC-Co cemented carbides prepared by spark plasma sintering[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2011,29:147-152.
[24]石丽秋,王晓灵,熊超伟.球磨时间对双晶结构的WCTiC-Co/Ni硬质合金组织及性能的影响[J].硬质合金,2015,32(3):155-163.
[25]QU X Q,SONG M,SHEN T T,et al.Fabrication and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained WC-10Co-0.45Cr3C2-0.25VC alloys[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2011,29:260-267.
[26]李勇,龙坚战.WC-Co硬质合金磁性能与晶粒度之间的关系[J].硬质合金,2010,27(4):195-198.
[27]DAOUSH W M,PARK H S,LEE K H,et al.Effect of binder compositions on microstructure,hardness and magnetic properties of(Ta,Nb)C-Co and(Ta,Nb)CNi cemented carbides[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials,2009,27:669-675.