基于振动激励溯源的谷物联合收获机清选筛制造缺陷定位
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摘要
为了识别主要制造缺陷的位置并指导构建往复振动式清选筛质量检测系统,该文提出了一种利用经典传递路径理论反算作用在清选筛与脱粒清选室连接点的激励力,进而定位缺陷位置的方法。通过测量、对比连接点的振动,发现振动频率成分基本相同,且是强相关的,因而不能通过频率分析找出主要激励源而定位制造缺陷。进一步根据激励力与缺陷的关联关系,发现具有最大激励力的激励源附近应存在主要制造缺陷。在测量从连接点到观察点的振动传递函数的基础上,综合广义逆矩阵理论,相位角变化的随机性等,构建了最大激励力和该激励力对观察点振动贡献的计算模型。清选试验台验证测试结果表明,激励力贡献响应之和为实测加速度的84.7%～94.6%,考虑到模型简化时忽略了部分因素的影响,两者基本吻合,计算模型可靠。以键槽间隙为典型缺陷进行验证试验,结果表明,有缺陷时的振动基频和振幅较大的频率对应的激励力比无缺陷时增大71%～3 271%,定位方法有效。
In order to improve the processing quality and reliability of the cleaning screen of grain combine harvester, it is necessary to eliminate the manufacturing defects in the design and pilot stage, which causing the additional load,, and to locate and eliminate the processing defects by measuring in the production stage. In this paper, a method can locate and calculate the exciting forces act on the connection points of cleaning screen and thresher body by classical transfer path analysis(TPA) were developed. By measuring and comparing the vibrations of the connection points, it is found that the vibration frequency components were the same and were strongly correlated, so it is impossible to find the main excitation source by analyzing the frequency to locate the manufacturing defects. According to the relationship between exciting force and defect, it is pointed out that there should be major manufacturing defects near the maximum excitation force. The vibration of connection points and a certain observation point of the test bench were measured by using triaxial accelerometers and dynamic signal analyzer, and the characteristics of time domain and time-frequency domain were analyzed. The results showed that although there was no change in the frequency components in the spectrum, the amplitude changed greatly, and the phase changed greatly at different times of each frequencies. The transfer functions of the connection points to each measurement points were detected by using a modal force hammer and vibration measuring devices. Since the phase was unstable, according to the principle that the product of each excitation force and the transfer function(ie, the contribution of the excitation force to the vibration) had the largest vibration response in the same direction, the maximum acceleration amplitude was introduced into the inverse matrix method formula, and the influence of the phase was ignored, and the problem that the ill-conditioned matrix of the transfer function matrix could not be inverted was solved by increasing the measurement point, the generalized inverse matrix of transfer function was calculated by singular value decomposition. The calculated excitation force was optimized by least squares method, and finally the practical incentive calculation formula was derived. In order to verify the validity of the method, the magnitude of the excitation force during normal operation and the contribution to the vibration in Ydirection of the observation point were calculated. The results showed that the sum of contributions was only slightly smaller than the measured acceleration, which was about 84.7%-94.6% of the measured value, the excitation force calculated by this method was basically correct. The keyway clearance was used as a typical defect for the location verification test. It was found that the amplitude of each frequency in the excitation force spectrum near the defect increased significantly(71%-3 271%), while the amplitude of the slot excitation force away from the defect was only slightly added, the effectiveness of the positioning method was verified. The defect localization method proposed in this paper only adds one accelerometer and one measuring instrument to the original cleaning screening assembly quality inspection platform, the vibration excitation force at the connection points between the cleaning screen and the rack mounting could also be roughly calculated by measuring 4-8 acceleration responses.
In order to improve the processing quality and reliability of the cleaning screen of grain combine harvester, it is necessary to eliminate the manufacturing defects in the design and pilot stage, which causing the additional load,, and to locate and eliminate the processing defects by measuring in the production stage. In this paper, a method can locate and calculate the exciting forces act on the connection points of cleaning screen and thresher body by classical transfer path analysis(TPA) were developed. By measuring and comparing the vibrations of the connection points, it is found that the vibration frequency components were the same and were strongly correlated, so it is impossible to find the main excitation source by analyzing the frequency to locate the manufacturing defects. According to the relationship between exciting force and defect, it is pointed out that there should be major manufacturing defects near the maximum excitation force. The vibration of connection points and a certain observation point of the test bench were measured by using triaxial accelerometers and dynamic signal analyzer, and the characteristics of time domain and time-frequency domain were analyzed. The results showed that although there was no change in the frequency components in the spectrum, the amplitude changed greatly, and the phase changed greatly at different times of each frequencies. The transfer functions of the connection points to each measurement points were detected by using a modal force hammer and vibration measuring devices. Since the phase was unstable, according to the principle that the product of each excitation force and the transfer function(ie, the contribution of the excitation force to the vibration) had the largest vibration response in the same direction, the maximum acceleration amplitude was introduced into the inverse matrix method formula, and the influence of the phase was ignored, and the problem that the ill-conditioned matrix of the transfer function matrix could not be inverted was solved by increasing the measurement point, the generalized inverse matrix of transfer function was calculated by singular value decomposition. The calculated excitation force was optimized by least squares method, and finally the practical incentive calculation formula was derived. In order to verify the validity of the method, the magnitude of the excitation force during normal operation and the contribution to the vibration in Ydirection of the observation point were calculated. The results showed that the sum of contributions was only slightly smaller than the measured acceleration, which was about 84.7%-94.6% of the measured value, the excitation force calculated by this method was basically correct. The keyway clearance was used as a typical defect for the location verification test. It was found that the amplitude of each frequency in the excitation force spectrum near the defect increased significantly(71%-3 271%), while the amplitude of the slot excitation force away from the defect was only slightly added, the effectiveness of the positioning method was verified. The defect localization method proposed in this paper only adds one accelerometer and one measuring instrument to the original cleaning screening assembly quality inspection platform, the vibration excitation force at the connection points between the cleaning screen and the rack mounting could also be roughly calculated by measuring 4-8 acceleration responses.
引文
[1]张敏,金诚谦,梁苏宁,等.风筛选式油菜联合收割机清选机构参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):8-15.Zhang Min,Jin Chengqian,Liang Suning,el al.Parameter optimization and experiment on air-screen cleaning device of rapeseed combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(24):8-15.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[3]高志朋,徐立章,李耀明,等.履带式稻麦联合收获机田间收获工况下振动测试与分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):48-55.Gao Zhipeng,Xu Lizhang,Li Yaoming,el al.Vibration measure and analysis of crawler-type rice and wheat combine harvester in field harvesting condition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(20):48-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]Firla M,Li Z Y,Martin N,et al.Automatic characteristic frequency association and all-sideband demodulation for the detection of a bearing fault[J].Mechanical Systems&Signal Processing,2016(80):335-348.
[5]Xiao Y,Enjie D,Chunxu C,et al.A novel characteristic frequency bands extraction method for automatic bearing fault diagnosis based on Hilbert Huang transform[J].Sensors,2015,15(11):27869-27893.
[6]李凌均,陈超,韩捷,等.全矢支持向量回归频谱预测方法[J].郑州大学学报:工学版,2016,37(3):78-82.Li Lingjun,Chen Chao,Han Jie,et al.The prediction method of frequency spectrum based on full vector support vector regression[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University:Engineering Science,2016,37(3):78-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]Zafeiropoulos N,Moorhouse A,Mackay A,et al.Acomparison of two in-situ transfer path analysis methods[C]//RASD 2013 11th International Conference on Recent Advances in Structural Dynamics.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/
[8]De Klerk D,Ossipov A.Operational transfer path analysis Theory,guidelines and tire noise application[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2010,24(7):1950-1962.
[9]谢小平,曹远龙,王茜影,等.基于总贡献系数和的客车噪声源识别[J].汽车工程,2017,39(5):575-580,587.Xie Xiaoping,Cao Yuanlong,Wang Xiying,et al.Identification of bus noise source based on total contribution coefficient sum[J].Automotive Engineering,2017,39(5):575-580,587.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Huang H B,Huang X R,Yang M L,et al.Identification of vehicle interior noise sources based on wavelet transform and partial coherence analysis[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2018(109):247-267.
[11]赵薇,周娜,张义民.振动传递路径系统的路径插入损失分析[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2015,36(2):250-253,258.Zhao Wei,Zhou Na,Zhang Yimin.Path insertion loss analysis of vibration transfer path systems[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2015,36(2):250-253,258.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]张义民.频域内振动传递路径的传递度排序[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(3):410-414.
[13]侯锁军,史文库,毛阳.应用传递路径分析方法对方向盘抖动贡献量的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(3):132-136.Hou Suojun,Shi Wenku,Mao Yang.Vehicle steering wheel wobbling contribution investigation by transfer path analysis[J].Journal of Xian Jiaotong University,2013,47(3):132-136.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]曹跃云,张磊,杨自春,等.船舶振动噪声源传递路径分析及试验验证[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(22):158-162.Cao Yueyun,Zhang Lei,Yang Zichun,et al.A new OPAmodel for ship noise sources and test validation[J].Journal of Vibration&Shock,2013,32(22):158-162.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]王中营,任宁,武文斌,等.TQLZ型往复振动筛动力学模型与虚拟样机仿真[J].食品与机械,2016,32(2):67-70.Wang Zhongying,Ren Ning,Wu Wenbin,et al.Dynamic model and virtual prototype simulation of TQLZ type reciprocating vibration screen[J].Food&Machinery,2016,32(2):67-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]汪建新,郑小伟.基于Workbench的直线振动筛运动学和动力学分析以及结构改进[J].机械强度,2014,36(6):846-849.Wang Jianxin,Zheng Xiaowei.Kinematics,dynamics analysis and structure improvement of linear vibrating screen based on workbench[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2014,36(6):846-849.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李扬扬,贺朝霞,宋绪丁,等.沥青搅拌设备振动筛系统动力学分析及其参数影响研究[J].计算力学学报,2015,32(4):565-570.Li Yangyang,He Zhaoxia,Song Xuding,et al.Dynamic analysis and influence study of structure parameters on the asphalt mixing plant vibration screen system[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2015,32(4):565-570.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]卫良保,赵广洋,杨莎莎,等.振动筛偏心块的优化设计及动力学仿真[J].煤矿机械,2014,35(10):258-260.Wei Liangbao,Zhao Guangyang,Yang Shasha,et al.Dynamic simulation of optimized eccentric block of vibrating screen[J].Coal Mine Machinery,2014,35(10):258-260.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]李革,王婵,李颖聪,等.曲柄滑块式清选筛机构惯性力平衡研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(8):24-30,35.Li Ge,Wang Chan,Li Yingcong,et al.Investigation on inertial force balancing of slider-crank type cleaning sieve[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(8):24-30,35.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]洪美琴.联合收割机脱粒系统中振动筛的动力学分析[J].农机化研究,2012,34(5):79-82.Hong Meiqin.The dynamics analysis of vibrating sieve in threshing system of combine harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012,35(5):79-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]方守艳,胡继云,孙庆春.双振动体惯性往复反共振振动筛的动力学分析[J].河南工业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,34(6):56-59.Fang Shouyan,Hu Jiyun,Sun Qingchun.Dynamics analysis of inertial reciprocating anti-resonant vibration screen with two vibration bodies[J].Journal of Henan University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2013,34(6):56-59.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]杨俊哲.基于Workbench多倾角型振动筛的模态分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S1):240-244.Yang Junzhe.Modal analysis for multi-angle vibrating screen based on ANSYS workbench[J].Journal of the China Coal Society,2012,37(S1):240-244.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Slepyan L I,Slepyan V I.Coupled mode parametric resonance in a vibrating screen model[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2014,43(1):295-304.
[24]Zahedi S A,Babitsky V.Modeling of autoresonant control of a parametrically excited screen machine[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,380:78-89.
[25]Slepyan L I,Slepyan V I.Modeling of parametrically excited vibrating screen[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series.IOP Publishing,2013,451(1),Article id:012026(2013).DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/451/1/012026
[26]M V van der Seijs,D de Klerk,D J Rixen.General framework for transfer path analysis:History,theory and classification of techniques[J].Mechanical Systems&Signal Processing,2016(68/69):217-244.
[27]D de Klerk,Ossipov A.Operational transfer path analysis:Theory,guidelines and tire noise application[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2010,24(7):1950-1962.
[28]Griffin D,Lim J.Signal estimation from modified short-time Fourier transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,1984,32(2):236-243.
[29]Aubel C,Stotz D,B?lcskei H.A theory of super-resolution from short-time Fourier transform measurements[J].Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications,2018,24(1):45-107.
[30]杜巧连,张克华.基于自身振动信号的液压泵状态监测及故障诊断[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(4):120-123.Du Qiaolian,Zhang Kehua.Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of hydraulic pump based on inherent vibration signals[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2007,23(4):120-123.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]郑坤明,张秋菊.含关节间隙的Delta机器人弹性动力学与振动特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):39-48.Zheng Kunming,Zhang Qiuju.Elastic dynamics and analysis of vibration characteristics of Delta robot with joint clearance[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(14):39-48.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]傅志方,华宏星.模态分析理论与应用[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000.
[2]徐立章,李耀明,孙朋朋,等.履带式全喂入水稻联合收获机振动测试与分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(8):49-55.Xu Lizhang,Li Yaoming,Sun Pengpeng,el al.Vibration measurement and analysis of tracked-whole feeding rice combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2014,30(8):49-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]高志朋,徐立章,李耀明,等.履带式稻麦联合收获机田间收获工况下振动测试与分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):48-55.Gao Zhipeng,Xu Lizhang,Li Yaoming,el al.Vibration measure and analysis of crawler-type rice and wheat combine harvester in field harvesting condition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(20):48-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]Firla M,Li Z Y,Martin N,et al.Automatic characteristic frequency association and all-sideband demodulation for the detection of a bearing fault[J].Mechanical Systems&Signal Processing,2016(80):335-348.
[5]Xiao Y,Enjie D,Chunxu C,et al.A novel characteristic frequency bands extraction method for automatic bearing fault diagnosis based on Hilbert Huang transform[J].Sensors,2015,15(11):27869-27893.
[6]李凌均,陈超,韩捷,等.全矢支持向量回归频谱预测方法[J].郑州大学学报:工学版,2016,37(3):78-82.Li Lingjun,Chen Chao,Han Jie,et al.The prediction method of frequency spectrum based on full vector support vector regression[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University:Engineering Science,2016,37(3):78-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]Zafeiropoulos N,Moorhouse A,Mackay A,et al.Acomparison of two in-situ transfer path analysis methods[C]//RASD 2013 11th International Conference on Recent Advances in Structural Dynamics.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/
[8]De Klerk D,Ossipov A.Operational transfer path analysis Theory,guidelines and tire noise application[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2010,24(7):1950-1962.
[9]谢小平,曹远龙,王茜影,等.基于总贡献系数和的客车噪声源识别[J].汽车工程,2017,39(5):575-580,587.Xie Xiaoping,Cao Yuanlong,Wang Xiying,et al.Identification of bus noise source based on total contribution coefficient sum[J].Automotive Engineering,2017,39(5):575-580,587.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]Huang H B,Huang X R,Yang M L,et al.Identification of vehicle interior noise sources based on wavelet transform and partial coherence analysis[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2018(109):247-267.
[11]赵薇,周娜,张义民.振动传递路径系统的路径插入损失分析[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2015,36(2):250-253,258.Zhao Wei,Zhou Na,Zhang Yimin.Path insertion loss analysis of vibration transfer path systems[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2015,36(2):250-253,258.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]张义民.频域内振动传递路径的传递度排序[J].自然科学进展,2007,17(3):410-414.
[13]侯锁军,史文库,毛阳.应用传递路径分析方法对方向盘抖动贡献量的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(3):132-136.Hou Suojun,Shi Wenku,Mao Yang.Vehicle steering wheel wobbling contribution investigation by transfer path analysis[J].Journal of Xian Jiaotong University,2013,47(3):132-136.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]曹跃云,张磊,杨自春,等.船舶振动噪声源传递路径分析及试验验证[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(22):158-162.Cao Yueyun,Zhang Lei,Yang Zichun,et al.A new OPAmodel for ship noise sources and test validation[J].Journal of Vibration&Shock,2013,32(22):158-162.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]王中营,任宁,武文斌,等.TQLZ型往复振动筛动力学模型与虚拟样机仿真[J].食品与机械,2016,32(2):67-70.Wang Zhongying,Ren Ning,Wu Wenbin,et al.Dynamic model and virtual prototype simulation of TQLZ type reciprocating vibration screen[J].Food&Machinery,2016,32(2):67-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]汪建新,郑小伟.基于Workbench的直线振动筛运动学和动力学分析以及结构改进[J].机械强度,2014,36(6):846-849.Wang Jianxin,Zheng Xiaowei.Kinematics,dynamics analysis and structure improvement of linear vibrating screen based on workbench[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2014,36(6):846-849.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李扬扬,贺朝霞,宋绪丁,等.沥青搅拌设备振动筛系统动力学分析及其参数影响研究[J].计算力学学报,2015,32(4):565-570.Li Yangyang,He Zhaoxia,Song Xuding,et al.Dynamic analysis and influence study of structure parameters on the asphalt mixing plant vibration screen system[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2015,32(4):565-570.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]卫良保,赵广洋,杨莎莎,等.振动筛偏心块的优化设计及动力学仿真[J].煤矿机械,2014,35(10):258-260.Wei Liangbao,Zhao Guangyang,Yang Shasha,et al.Dynamic simulation of optimized eccentric block of vibrating screen[J].Coal Mine Machinery,2014,35(10):258-260.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]李革,王婵,李颖聪,等.曲柄滑块式清选筛机构惯性力平衡研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(8):24-30,35.Li Ge,Wang Chan,Li Yingcong,et al.Investigation on inertial force balancing of slider-crank type cleaning sieve[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(8):24-30,35.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]洪美琴.联合收割机脱粒系统中振动筛的动力学分析[J].农机化研究,2012,34(5):79-82.Hong Meiqin.The dynamics analysis of vibrating sieve in threshing system of combine harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012,35(5):79-82.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]方守艳,胡继云,孙庆春.双振动体惯性往复反共振振动筛的动力学分析[J].河南工业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,34(6):56-59.Fang Shouyan,Hu Jiyun,Sun Qingchun.Dynamics analysis of inertial reciprocating anti-resonant vibration screen with two vibration bodies[J].Journal of Henan University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2013,34(6):56-59.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]杨俊哲.基于Workbench多倾角型振动筛的模态分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S1):240-244.Yang Junzhe.Modal analysis for multi-angle vibrating screen based on ANSYS workbench[J].Journal of the China Coal Society,2012,37(S1):240-244.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Slepyan L I,Slepyan V I.Coupled mode parametric resonance in a vibrating screen model[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2014,43(1):295-304.
[24]Zahedi S A,Babitsky V.Modeling of autoresonant control of a parametrically excited screen machine[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,380:78-89.
[25]Slepyan L I,Slepyan V I.Modeling of parametrically excited vibrating screen[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series.IOP Publishing,2013,451(1),Article id:012026(2013).DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/451/1/012026
[26]M V van der Seijs,D de Klerk,D J Rixen.General framework for transfer path analysis:History,theory and classification of techniques[J].Mechanical Systems&Signal Processing,2016(68/69):217-244.
[27]D de Klerk,Ossipov A.Operational transfer path analysis:Theory,guidelines and tire noise application[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2010,24(7):1950-1962.
[28]Griffin D,Lim J.Signal estimation from modified short-time Fourier transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,1984,32(2):236-243.
[29]Aubel C,Stotz D,B?lcskei H.A theory of super-resolution from short-time Fourier transform measurements[J].Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications,2018,24(1):45-107.
[30]杜巧连,张克华.基于自身振动信号的液压泵状态监测及故障诊断[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(4):120-123.Du Qiaolian,Zhang Kehua.Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of hydraulic pump based on inherent vibration signals[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2007,23(4):120-123.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]郑坤明,张秋菊.含关节间隙的Delta机器人弹性动力学与振动特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):39-48.Zheng Kunming,Zhang Qiuju.Elastic dynamics and analysis of vibration characteristics of Delta robot with joint clearance[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(14):39-48.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[32]傅志方,华宏星.模态分析理论与应用[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2000.