嵌入式轨道的振动噪声特性及优化研究
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摘要
结合有限元和边界元法对有轨电车以60 km/h运行时的嵌入式轨道振动噪声特性进行分析,结果表明嵌入式轨道槽内结构振动显著,可以有效地进行振动能量耗散。嵌入式轨道沿着垂向和横向上的减振效果明显。嵌入式轨道的主要辐射噪声频段为250 Hz～1 200 Hz,尤其表现在400 Hz～500 Hz和800～1 000 Hz频段内。嵌入式轨道槽内结构噪声贡献显著,轨道板噪声贡献量较小。通过槽内材料参数优化,分别得到浇注料、降噪块和弹性垫板的最优的弹性模量和阻尼损耗因子,并分析噪声敏感参数,以降噪块形状为优化方向,分析得到较优的嵌入式轨道型式。综合材料参数和降噪块形状优化结果,辐射声功率级总值可以降低1.7 dB(A)。
Using FEM and BEM, the vibration and noise characteristics of an embedded track was studied when the tram travelling at 60 km/h. The results show that the vibration of the gutter is significant, which can efficiently dissipate vibration energy. The reduction of vibration in the vertical and horizontal directions of the embedded track is significant. The sound radiation level of the embedded track is high at 250 Hz-1 200 Hz frequency range, especially in the frequency ranges of 400 Hz-500 Hz and 800 Hz-1 000 Hz. The biggest noise source contribution comes from the gutter of the embedded track, and the contribution of slab is smaller. By material parameter optimization of the gutter, the optimal Young's modulus and the damping loss factors of the elastomer, prefabricated blocks and elastic pad were obtained. The sensitive material parameter to the noise of the embedded track was analyzed. Focused on the shape of prefabricated blocks, the better embedded form was acquired by analyzing and comparing. Combination of the optimization results of the material parameters with the optimal shape of the prefabricated blocks can reduce the sound radiation by 1.7 dB(A).
Using FEM and BEM, the vibration and noise characteristics of an embedded track was studied when the tram travelling at 60 km/h. The results show that the vibration of the gutter is significant, which can efficiently dissipate vibration energy. The reduction of vibration in the vertical and horizontal directions of the embedded track is significant. The sound radiation level of the embedded track is high at 250 Hz-1 200 Hz frequency range, especially in the frequency ranges of 400 Hz-500 Hz and 800 Hz-1 000 Hz. The biggest noise source contribution comes from the gutter of the embedded track, and the contribution of slab is smaller. By material parameter optimization of the gutter, the optimal Young's modulus and the damping loss factors of the elastomer, prefabricated blocks and elastic pad were obtained. The sensitive material parameter to the noise of the embedded track was analyzed. Focused on the shape of prefabricated blocks, the better embedded form was acquired by analyzing and comparing. Combination of the optimization results of the material parameters with the optimal shape of the prefabricated blocks can reduce the sound radiation by 1.7 dB(A).
引文
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[8] ZHAO Y, LI X, LV Q, et al. Measuring, modelling and optimising an embedded rail track[J]. Applied Acoustics,2017, 116:70-81.
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[13]熊夫睿,叶献辉,冯志鹏.非均匀梁结构减振降噪吸振装置的多目标优化设计[J].噪声与振动控制,2017,37(6):199-205.
[2] G MICHAS. Slab track systems for high-spped railway[D]. Master degree of architecture and the built environment royal institute of technology, 2012.
[3] NILSSON C M, JONES C J C, THOMPSON D J, et al. A waveguide finite element and boundary element approach to calculating the sound radiated by railway and tram rail[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2008, 321:813-836.
[4] VOS P H DE. Silent bridge[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1996, 193(1):441-442.
[5] VOGIATZIS C, CARELS P. Vibration&ground borne noise montitoring and evaluation of the performance of various antivibration measures at athens tramway[C].Twelfth International Congress on Sound and Vibration,Lisbon, 2005.
[6]黄涛.轮轨振动与噪声辐射研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.
[7]刘婷林.基于弹性颗粒体材料的埋入式轨道结构减振降噪性能研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.
[8] ZHAO Y, LI X, LV Q, et al. Measuring, modelling and optimising an embedded rail track[J]. Applied Acoustics,2017, 116:70-81.
[9] LING L, HAN J, XIAO X, et al. Dynamic behavior of an embedded rail track coupled with a tram vehicle[J].Journal of Vibration and Control, 2016:1-22.
[10]江小州.有轨电车嵌入式轨道减振降噪特性及优化[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.
[11] REMINGTON P J. Wheel/rail Noise-Part IV:Rolling Noise[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1976, 46(3):419-436.
[12]何远鹏,焦洪林,赵悦,等.嵌入式轨道弹性材料特性对钢轨振动与声辐射的影响[J].噪噪声声与与振振动动控控制制,2015,35(3):51-55.
[13]熊夫睿,叶献辉,冯志鹏.非均匀梁结构减振降噪吸振装置的多目标优化设计[J].噪声与振动控制,2017,37(6):199-205.