温州市农村居民慢性病预防素养及影响因素调查
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摘要
目的掌握温州市农村居民的慢性病预防素养水平及其影响因素,为有效防控慢性病提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,在温州农村地区随机抽取800名15～69周岁常住居民,开展问卷调查,评估不同特征人群慢性病预防素养水平。结果调查对象慢性病预防素养水平为14. 39%,其中预防慢性病的健康基本知识素养为24. 97%,健康技能素养为15. 92%,健康行为素养为10. 57%。多因素Logistic回归分析表明:性别与文化程度是温州市农村居民慢性病预防总素养水平的主要影响因素,女性素养水平高于男性,OR值为2. 05(95%CI:1. 17～3. 60);居民总素养水平随文化程度上升而上升,以小学及以下者为参照,初中、高中/职高/中专、大学及以上者具备总素养的OR值分别为2. 68(95%CI:1. 05～6. 82),7. 99(95%CI:2. 90～21. 99),11. 61(95%CI:3. 97～33. 92)。其中,文化程度不仅对居民具备慢性病预防的健康基本知识有影响,以小学及以下者为参照,高中/职高/中专和大学及以上者OR值分别为2. 12(95%CI:1. 05～4. 27),2. 65(95%CI:1. 23～5. 69),还是居民健康技能素养形成的重要影响因素,以小学及以下者为参照,初中、高中/职高/中专、大学及以上者具备总素养的OR值分别为10. 51(95%CI:2. 35～47. 04),15. 23(95%CI:3. 16～73. 29),30. 73(95%CI:6. 30～149. 91)。女性居民健康行为素养高于男性居民,OR值为3. 38(95%CI:1. 75～6. 54)。结论温州市农村居民慢性病预防素养水平急需提高,政府应全面落实慢性病综合防控措施,进一步推进农村人群慢性病健康教育与促进。
Objective To investigate the health literacy of chronic disease prevention and its influencing factors among rural inhabitants of Wenzhou City,so as to provide the scientific basis for developing intervention measures for an effective control and prevention of the chronic diseases. Methods Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select randomly 800 inhabitants aged 15 to 69 years from rural areas of Wenzhou City for a questionnaire survey which assessed the health literacy of chronic diseases prevention among population with distinguishing features. Results The overall rate of owning health literacy about chronic diseases was 14. 39%. The rates of basic health knowledge,health skills about chronic diseases,and health life styles and behaviors were 24. 97%,15. 92% and 10. 57%,respectively. Multiple factor Logistic analysis indicated that the major influencing factors of the overall health literacy about chronic diseases were gender and educational background,and the overall health literacy of females was higher than that of males [OR = 2. 05(95% CI: 1. 17 ～ 3. 60) ]. The overall health literacy of inhabitants increased with the increase in level of education. Taking the level of primary school education or below as a reference,the OR values of junior high school,senior high school/professional high school/technical secondary school,university education and above were 2. 68(95% CI: 1. 05 ～ 6. 82),7. 99(95% CI: 2. 90 ～21. 99),11. 61(95% CI: 3. 97 ～ 33. 92),respectively. Educational background not only had effect on the basic health knowledge,but also was the important influence factor of health skills literacy. Taking the level of primary school education or below as a reference,the OR values of senior high school/professional high school/technical secondary school,university education and above were 2. 12(95% CI: 1. 05 ～ 4. 27),2. 65(95% CI: 1. 23 ～5. 69),respectively for basic health knowledge,and the OR values of junior high school,senior high school/professional high school/technical secondary school,university education and above were 10. 51(95% CI: 2. 35 ～47. 04),15. 23(95% CI: 3. 16 ～ 73. 29),30. 73(95% CI: 6. 30 ～ 149. 91),respectively for health skills literacy. Health behavior literacy of females was higher than that of males [OR = 3. 38(95% CI: 1. 75 ～ 6. 54) ].Conclusions The health literacy of chronic disease prevention among rural inhabitants of Wenzhou City is to be improved. The government needs to implement comprehensive measures for the control and prevention of chronic diseases and to further carry out health education and promotion of chronic diseases among rural population.
Objective To investigate the health literacy of chronic disease prevention and its influencing factors among rural inhabitants of Wenzhou City,so as to provide the scientific basis for developing intervention measures for an effective control and prevention of the chronic diseases. Methods Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select randomly 800 inhabitants aged 15 to 69 years from rural areas of Wenzhou City for a questionnaire survey which assessed the health literacy of chronic diseases prevention among population with distinguishing features. Results The overall rate of owning health literacy about chronic diseases was 14. 39%. The rates of basic health knowledge,health skills about chronic diseases,and health life styles and behaviors were 24. 97%,15. 92% and 10. 57%,respectively. Multiple factor Logistic analysis indicated that the major influencing factors of the overall health literacy about chronic diseases were gender and educational background,and the overall health literacy of females was higher than that of males [OR = 2. 05(95% CI: 1. 17 ～ 3. 60) ]. The overall health literacy of inhabitants increased with the increase in level of education. Taking the level of primary school education or below as a reference,the OR values of junior high school,senior high school/professional high school/technical secondary school,university education and above were 2. 68(95% CI: 1. 05 ～ 6. 82),7. 99(95% CI: 2. 90 ～21. 99),11. 61(95% CI: 3. 97 ～ 33. 92),respectively. Educational background not only had effect on the basic health knowledge,but also was the important influence factor of health skills literacy. Taking the level of primary school education or below as a reference,the OR values of senior high school/professional high school/technical secondary school,university education and above were 2. 12(95% CI: 1. 05 ～ 4. 27),2. 65(95% CI: 1. 23 ～5. 69),respectively for basic health knowledge,and the OR values of junior high school,senior high school/professional high school/technical secondary school,university education and above were 10. 51(95% CI: 2. 35 ～47. 04),15. 23(95% CI: 3. 16 ～ 73. 29),30. 73(95% CI: 6. 30 ～ 149. 91),respectively for health skills literacy. Health behavior literacy of females was higher than that of males [OR = 3. 38(95% CI: 1. 75 ～ 6. 54) ].Conclusions The health literacy of chronic disease prevention among rural inhabitants of Wenzhou City is to be improved. The government needs to implement comprehensive measures for the control and prevention of chronic diseases and to further carry out health education and promotion of chronic diseases among rural population.
引文
[1]国家卫生和计划生育委员会宣传司,中国健康教育中心.2012年中国居民健康素养监测报告[R].北京:国家卫生和计划生育委员会宣传司,2013.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.中国公民健康素养——基本知识和技能(试行)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:132-137.
[3]卫生部妇幼保健与社区卫生司.首次中国居民健康素养调查报告[R].北京:卫生部,2009.
[4]马骁.健康教育学[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013:60-62.
[5]温州市统计局.温州市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报[EB/OL].(2011-05-09)[2017-10-15].http://wztjj.wenzhou.gov.cn/art/2011/5/9/art_1243861_5868340.html.
[6]陈镭,黄小菲,杨桂丽,等.温州市城市居民慢性病预防素养调查及影响因素分析[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2017,37(4):436-439.
[7]聂雪琼,李英华,陶茂萱,等.中国居民慢性病防治素养水平及其影响因素[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(2):108-111.
[8]覃世龙,徐静东,李玲.湖北省居民慢性病健康素养现状及影响因素分析[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2015,23(5):381-383.
[9]陆一鸣,钱国宏,康国荣,等.甘肃省居民慢性病防治健康素养及其影响因素[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2015,23(9):714-716.
[10]李莉,李英华,聂雪琼,等.2012年中国居民健康素养影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(2):104-107.
[11]胡伟,许亮文.医院健康教育与健康促进[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:26-27.
[12]张玉林,王文文,闫歌,等.2014河南省居民健康素养现状分析[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(10):675-680.
[13]张晓红,陈镭,杨桂丽,等.温州市城乡居民健康素养调查及影响因素分析[J].中国预防医学杂志,2013,14(11):846-851.
[2]中华人民共和国卫生部.中国公民健康素养——基本知识和技能(试行)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:132-137.
[3]卫生部妇幼保健与社区卫生司.首次中国居民健康素养调查报告[R].北京:卫生部,2009.
[4]马骁.健康教育学[M].2版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013:60-62.
[5]温州市统计局.温州市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报[EB/OL].(2011-05-09)[2017-10-15].http://wztjj.wenzhou.gov.cn/art/2011/5/9/art_1243861_5868340.html.
[6]陈镭,黄小菲,杨桂丽,等.温州市城市居民慢性病预防素养调查及影响因素分析[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2017,37(4):436-439.
[7]聂雪琼,李英华,陶茂萱,等.中国居民慢性病防治素养水平及其影响因素[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(2):108-111.
[8]覃世龙,徐静东,李玲.湖北省居民慢性病健康素养现状及影响因素分析[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2015,23(5):381-383.
[9]陆一鸣,钱国宏,康国荣,等.甘肃省居民慢性病防治健康素养及其影响因素[J].中国慢性病预防与控制,2015,23(9):714-716.
[10]李莉,李英华,聂雪琼,等.2012年中国居民健康素养影响因素分析[J].中国健康教育,2015,31(2):104-107.
[11]胡伟,许亮文.医院健康教育与健康促进[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:26-27.
[12]张玉林,王文文,闫歌,等.2014河南省居民健康素养现状分析[J].中国健康教育,2017,33(10):675-680.
[13]张晓红,陈镭,杨桂丽,等.温州市城乡居民健康素养调查及影响因素分析[J].中国预防医学杂志,2013,14(11):846-851.