贵州北盘江喀斯特地区车桑子造林对乡土植物物种多样性的影响
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摘要
为明确车桑子(Dodonaea viscosa)造林对北盘江喀斯特地区乡土植物物种多样性的影响,该研究采用群落样地调查法对不同车桑子覆盖度(0、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%)下的植物群落进行实地调查,并对其植物群落的物种多样性进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)随车桑子覆盖度的增加,群落物种数及高位芽物种数有所下降,留下的物种多为地面芽、隐芽和一年生的草本植物。(2)随车桑子覆盖度的增加,Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Shan-non-Wiener指数及Pielou指数均呈下降趋势,群落中植物的种类和数量均减少,群落结构趋于简单,稳定性降低。(3)随车桑子覆盖度的增加,群落的物种组成不断发生替换,且草本植物的物种替代率均大于木本植物,但群落中物种间替代率呈先降低后升高的趋势,相邻两覆盖度之间的物种相似性系数呈先增加后减小的趋势。研究认为,当车桑子覆盖度≥60%后,乡土植物物种丰富度、多样性相对较低,物种分配不均匀,群落结构变简单,稳定性较差,不利于群落向更高级的演替阶段发展。
In order to clarify the effect of afforestation of Dodonaea viscosa on the native plant species diversity in karst area of Beipan River,we are adopting the community sample survey method to investigate the plant communities under different D.viscosacoverages(0,20%,40%,60%,80%and 100%),comparing and analyzing the species diversity of the plant communities.The results are as follows:(1)with the increase of D.viscosa coverage,the number of species in the community and phanerophytes slightly decrease,and the remaining species are mostly herbage of hemicryptophyte,cryptophyte and therophyte.(2)With the increase of D.viscosacoverage,Margalef index,Simpson index,Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index all showed a downward trend,the plant species and quantity decrease,the community structure tend to be simple and the stability decrease.(3)With the increase of D.viscosacoverage,the species composition of the community is constantly replaced,and the species substitution rate of herbaceous plants is higher than that of woody plants.However,the variation trend of substitution rate among community species first decreased and then increased,while the species similarity coefficient between adjacent two coverings(0%and 20%,20%and 40%,40%and 60%,60%and 80%,and 80%and 100%)first increased and then decreased.The results showed that when the D.viscosacoverage reaches 60%or higher,the local plant species richness and diversity are relatively low,the species distribution is uneven,the community structure become simple and the stability is poor,which is not good for the community to develop to a higher stage.
In order to clarify the effect of afforestation of Dodonaea viscosa on the native plant species diversity in karst area of Beipan River,we are adopting the community sample survey method to investigate the plant communities under different D.viscosacoverages(0,20%,40%,60%,80%and 100%),comparing and analyzing the species diversity of the plant communities.The results are as follows:(1)with the increase of D.viscosa coverage,the number of species in the community and phanerophytes slightly decrease,and the remaining species are mostly herbage of hemicryptophyte,cryptophyte and therophyte.(2)With the increase of D.viscosacoverage,Margalef index,Simpson index,Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index all showed a downward trend,the plant species and quantity decrease,the community structure tend to be simple and the stability decrease.(3)With the increase of D.viscosacoverage,the species composition of the community is constantly replaced,and the species substitution rate of herbaceous plants is higher than that of woody plants.However,the variation trend of substitution rate among community species first decreased and then increased,while the species similarity coefficient between adjacent two coverings(0%and 20%,20%and 40%,40%and 60%,60%and 80%,and 80%and 100%)first increased and then decreased.The results showed that when the D.viscosacoverage reaches 60%or higher,the local plant species richness and diversity are relatively low,the species distribution is uneven,the community structure become simple and the stability is poor,which is not good for the community to develop to a higher stage.
引文
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[6]覃勇荣,蒋光敏,岑忠用,等.喀斯特地区造林先锋树种任豆种子萌发特性研究[J].种子,2008,27(12):15-21.QIN Y R,JIANG G M,CEN Z Y,et al.Research on the seed's germination characteristics of Zeniainsignisas the vanguard tree for afforestation in karst areas[J].Seed,2008,27(12):15-21.
[7]辛柯,谭金玉,李苇洁,等.黔中石漠化地区造林密度对白刺花生长的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(7):1 633-1 635,1 640.XIN K,TAN J Y,LI W J,et al.Effect of planting density on the growth of Sophora davidii in karst rocky areas of central Guizhou[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(7):1 633-1 635,1 640.
[8]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志(47.1)[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:23-24.
[9]林树森.良好的防风固沙植物---车桑子[J].林业实用技术,1960,(17):3.LIN S S.Good windbreak and sand fixation plants-Dodonaea viscosa[J].Practical Forestry Technology,1960,(17):3.
[10]袁恩贤.车桑子在白云质沙石山地治理中的推广应用[J].防护林科技,2014,(5):59-60.YUAN E X.Popularization and Application of Chesangzi in the Treatment of Dolomitic Sandstone Mountain[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2014,(5):59-60.
[11]张斯屿,白晓永,王世杰,等.基于InVEST模型的典型石漠化地区生态系统服务评估---以晴隆县为例[J].地球环境学报,2014,5(5):328-338.ZHANG S Y,BAI X Y,WANG S J,et al.Ecosystem services evaluation of typical rocky desertification areas based on InVEST model---a case study of Qinglong County,Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Earth Environment,2014,5(5):328-338.
[12]杨明德.论喀斯特环境的脆弱性[J].云南地理环境研究,1990,2(1):21-29.YANG M D.On the vulnerability of karst environment[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,1990,2(1):21-29.
[13]李晓芳.北盘江喀斯特峡谷区“晴隆-关岭”段兰科物种多样性及其保护研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2017.
[14]杨成华,安和平.贵州南、北盘江流域植被类型的卫片解译与制图[J].贵州林业科技,1996,(1):55-58.YANG C H,AN H P.Satellite interpretation and mapping of vegetation types in the Nanpan and Beipan River basins of guizhou province[J].Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology,1996,(1):55-58.
[15]郭连金,徐卫红,孙海玲,等.空心莲子草入侵对乡土植物群落组成及植物多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(7):137-142.GUO L J,XU W H,SUN H L,et al.Effects of the invasion of Alternanthera philoxeroides on the community composition and plant diversity of native plants[J].Pratacultural Science,2009,26(7):137-142.
[16]王电杰.浙江省大鹿岛木麻黄群落特征研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2012.
[17]贺金生,陈伟烈,李凌浩.中国中亚热带东部常绿阔叶林主要类型的群落多样性特征[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(4):303-311.HE J S,CHEN W L,LI L H.Community diversity of the main types of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the eastern part of the middle subtropical China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,1998,22(4):303-311.
[18]迪玮峙,康冰,高妍夏,等.秦岭山地巴山冷杉林的更新特征及影响因子[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(6):71-78.DI W Z,KANG B,GAO Y X,et al.Regeneration characteristics and related affecting factors of Abies fargesii natural forests in Qinling Mountains[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(6):71-78.
[19]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004,45-55.
[20]白冠章.塔里木河上、中、下游胡杨群落特征研究[D].新疆阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2010.
[21]孔凡洲,于仁成,徐子钧,等.应用Excel软件计算生物多样性指数[J].海洋科学,2012,36(4):57-62.KONG F Z,YU R C,XU Z J,et al.Application of Excel software to calculate biodiversity index[J].Marine Science,2012,36(4):57-62.
[22]马克明,叶万辉,桑卫国,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性研究Ⅹ.不同尺度下群落样带的β多样性及分形分析[J].生态学报,1997,17(6):64-72.MA K P,YE W H,SANG W G,et al.Study on plant community diversity in dongling mountain,BeijingⅩ.βdiversity and fractal analysis of community belt transect at different scales[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1997,17(6):64-72.
[23]梅象信,徐正会,张继玲,等.昆明西山森林公园东坡蚂蚁物种多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):170-176.MEI X X,XU Z H,ZHANG J L,et al.Ant species diversity on east slope of Xishan forest park in Kunming[J].Forest Research,2006,19(2):170-176.
[24]谢晋阳,陈灵芝.暖温带落叶阔叶林的物种多样性特征[J].生态学报,1994,14(4):337-344.XIE J Y,CHEN L Z.Species diversity of deciduous broadleaf forest in warm temperate zone[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1994,14(4):337-344.
[25]赵振勇,王让会,尹传华,等.天山南麓山前平原植物群落物种多样性及空间分异研究[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(4):784-790.ZHAO Z Y,WANG R H,YIN C H,et al.Species diversity and spatial heterogeneity of plant communities in piedmont plain of south slope of Tianshan Mountains[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(4):784-790.
[26]马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268-277.MA K P,HUANG J H,YU S L,et al.Study on plant community diversity in dongling mountainⅡrichness,evenness and species diversity index[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1995,15(3):268-277.
[27]金则新.浙江天台山七子花群落研究[J].生态学报,1998,18(2):127-132.JIN Z X.A study on Heptacodium miconioides community in the Tiantai Mountains of Zhejiang Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1998,18(2):127-132.
[2]刘映良.喀斯特典型山地退化生态系统植被恢复研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2005.
[3]李阳兵,侯建筠,谢德体.中国西南岩溶生态研究进展[J].地理科学,2002,22(3):365-370.LI Y B,HOU J J,XIE D T.Advances in research on karst ecology in southwest China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2002,22(3):365-370.
[4]罗在柒,姜运力,邓伦秀,等.贵州喀斯特山地主要造林树种生长状况及树种选择[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(1):190-191.LUO Z Q,JIANG Y L,DENG L X,et al.Growth status and tree species selection of main afforestation tree species for karst mountainous in Guizhou[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(39):190-191.
[5]姚健,薛建辉,吴秋菊,等.喀斯特地区4种造林幼苗的抗旱性评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(4):318-322.YAO J,XUE J H,WU Q J,et al.Drought resistance of four species of tree saplings for afforestation in karst regions[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2010,26(4):318-322.
[6]覃勇荣,蒋光敏,岑忠用,等.喀斯特地区造林先锋树种任豆种子萌发特性研究[J].种子,2008,27(12):15-21.QIN Y R,JIANG G M,CEN Z Y,et al.Research on the seed's germination characteristics of Zeniainsignisas the vanguard tree for afforestation in karst areas[J].Seed,2008,27(12):15-21.
[7]辛柯,谭金玉,李苇洁,等.黔中石漠化地区造林密度对白刺花生长的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(7):1 633-1 635,1 640.XIN K,TAN J Y,LI W J,et al.Effect of planting density on the growth of Sophora davidii in karst rocky areas of central Guizhou[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(7):1 633-1 635,1 640.
[8]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志(47.1)[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:23-24.
[9]林树森.良好的防风固沙植物---车桑子[J].林业实用技术,1960,(17):3.LIN S S.Good windbreak and sand fixation plants-Dodonaea viscosa[J].Practical Forestry Technology,1960,(17):3.
[10]袁恩贤.车桑子在白云质沙石山地治理中的推广应用[J].防护林科技,2014,(5):59-60.YUAN E X.Popularization and Application of Chesangzi in the Treatment of Dolomitic Sandstone Mountain[J].Protection Forest Science and Technology,2014,(5):59-60.
[11]张斯屿,白晓永,王世杰,等.基于InVEST模型的典型石漠化地区生态系统服务评估---以晴隆县为例[J].地球环境学报,2014,5(5):328-338.ZHANG S Y,BAI X Y,WANG S J,et al.Ecosystem services evaluation of typical rocky desertification areas based on InVEST model---a case study of Qinglong County,Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Earth Environment,2014,5(5):328-338.
[12]杨明德.论喀斯特环境的脆弱性[J].云南地理环境研究,1990,2(1):21-29.YANG M D.On the vulnerability of karst environment[J].Yunnan Geographic Environment Research,1990,2(1):21-29.
[13]李晓芳.北盘江喀斯特峡谷区“晴隆-关岭”段兰科物种多样性及其保护研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2017.
[14]杨成华,安和平.贵州南、北盘江流域植被类型的卫片解译与制图[J].贵州林业科技,1996,(1):55-58.YANG C H,AN H P.Satellite interpretation and mapping of vegetation types in the Nanpan and Beipan River basins of guizhou province[J].Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology,1996,(1):55-58.
[15]郭连金,徐卫红,孙海玲,等.空心莲子草入侵对乡土植物群落组成及植物多样性的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(7):137-142.GUO L J,XU W H,SUN H L,et al.Effects of the invasion of Alternanthera philoxeroides on the community composition and plant diversity of native plants[J].Pratacultural Science,2009,26(7):137-142.
[16]王电杰.浙江省大鹿岛木麻黄群落特征研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2012.
[17]贺金生,陈伟烈,李凌浩.中国中亚热带东部常绿阔叶林主要类型的群落多样性特征[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(4):303-311.HE J S,CHEN W L,LI L H.Community diversity of the main types of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the eastern part of the middle subtropical China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,1998,22(4):303-311.
[18]迪玮峙,康冰,高妍夏,等.秦岭山地巴山冷杉林的更新特征及影响因子[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(6):71-78.DI W Z,KANG B,GAO Y X,et al.Regeneration characteristics and related affecting factors of Abies fargesii natural forests in Qinling Mountains[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(6):71-78.
[19]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004,45-55.
[20]白冠章.塔里木河上、中、下游胡杨群落特征研究[D].新疆阿拉尔:塔里木大学,2010.
[21]孔凡洲,于仁成,徐子钧,等.应用Excel软件计算生物多样性指数[J].海洋科学,2012,36(4):57-62.KONG F Z,YU R C,XU Z J,et al.Application of Excel software to calculate biodiversity index[J].Marine Science,2012,36(4):57-62.
[22]马克明,叶万辉,桑卫国,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性研究Ⅹ.不同尺度下群落样带的β多样性及分形分析[J].生态学报,1997,17(6):64-72.MA K P,YE W H,SANG W G,et al.Study on plant community diversity in dongling mountain,BeijingⅩ.βdiversity and fractal analysis of community belt transect at different scales[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1997,17(6):64-72.
[23]梅象信,徐正会,张继玲,等.昆明西山森林公园东坡蚂蚁物种多样性研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):170-176.MEI X X,XU Z H,ZHANG J L,et al.Ant species diversity on east slope of Xishan forest park in Kunming[J].Forest Research,2006,19(2):170-176.
[24]谢晋阳,陈灵芝.暖温带落叶阔叶林的物种多样性特征[J].生态学报,1994,14(4):337-344.XIE J Y,CHEN L Z.Species diversity of deciduous broadleaf forest in warm temperate zone[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1994,14(4):337-344.
[25]赵振勇,王让会,尹传华,等.天山南麓山前平原植物群落物种多样性及空间分异研究[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(4):784-790.ZHAO Z Y,WANG R H,YIN C H,et al.Species diversity and spatial heterogeneity of plant communities in piedmont plain of south slope of Tianshan Mountains[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2007,27(4):784-790.
[26]马克平,黄建辉,于顺利,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅱ丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数[J].生态学报,1995,15(3):268-277.MA K P,HUANG J H,YU S L,et al.Study on plant community diversity in dongling mountainⅡrichness,evenness and species diversity index[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1995,15(3):268-277.
[27]金则新.浙江天台山七子花群落研究[J].生态学报,1998,18(2):127-132.JIN Z X.A study on Heptacodium miconioides community in the Tiantai Mountains of Zhejiang Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1998,18(2):127-132.