猫的弓形虫病研究进展
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摘要
弓形虫是一种专性细胞内寄生性原虫,可以引起人兽共患的弓形虫病。该病呈世界性分布,严重威胁人类健康和畜牧业的发展。猫科动物是弓形虫唯一的终末宿主,在弓形虫的流行与传播中起重要作用。目前对猫弓形虫病致病机理的研究甚少,尚无有效的防治猫弓形虫病的方法。本文对猫弓形虫病的发现历史、流行现状、分子分型、肠内发育、疫苗和诊断研究、猫弓形虫病及弓形虫卵囊相关的组学研究等进行综述,为深入研究猫弓形虫病的致病机理,研制猫弓形虫病的疫苗或药物,开发猫弓形虫病的诊断方法提供新的思路。
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoon, which can cause the zoonotic toxoplasmosis. The disease distributes all over the world and has severely threatened human health and animal husbandry. Felids are the only definitive hosts that play an important role in the prevalence and transmission of T. gondii. However, little information has been available about the pathogenesis of T. gondii infection in cats and no effective methods to prevent and detect cat toxoplasmosis. This paper reviews T. gondii infection in cats regarding the process of historic discovery, the epidemic status and gene-typing, the development of vaccines and diagnostic methods, as well as the study about "omics" on T. gondii oocysts, which will provide the base-data for study of the pathogenic mechanism of cat toxoplasmosis and for development of new vaccines and medicines, diagnosis methods for T. gondii infection in cats.
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoon, which can cause the zoonotic toxoplasmosis. The disease distributes all over the world and has severely threatened human health and animal husbandry. Felids are the only definitive hosts that play an important role in the prevalence and transmission of T. gondii. However, little information has been available about the pathogenesis of T. gondii infection in cats and no effective methods to prevent and detect cat toxoplasmosis. This paper reviews T. gondii infection in cats regarding the process of historic discovery, the epidemic status and gene-typing, the development of vaccines and diagnostic methods, as well as the study about "omics" on T. gondii oocysts, which will provide the base-data for study of the pathogenic mechanism of cat toxoplasmosis and for development of new vaccines and medicines, diagnosis methods for T. gondii infection in cats.
引文
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[6]Dubey J P.Infectivity and pathogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts for cats[J].J Parasitol,1996,82(6):957-961.
[7]Dubey J P.Oocyst shedding by cats fed isolated bradyzoites and comparision of infectivity of bradyzoites of the VEG strain Toxoplasma gondii to cats and mice[J].J Parasitol,2001,87(1):215-219.
[8]Dubey J P.Unexpected oocyst shedding by cats fed Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites:In vivo stage conversion and strain variation[J].Vet Parasitol,2005,133(4):289-298.
[9]Dubey J P.Tachyzoite-induced life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii in cats[J].J Parasitol,2002,88(4):713-717.
[10]Dubey J P.Comparative infectivity of oocysts and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii for intermediate(mice)and definitive(cats)hosts[J].Vet Parasitol,2006,140(1-2):69-75.
[11]Hutchison W M.Experimental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii[J].Nature,1965,206(987):961-962.
[12]Dubey J P,Miller N L,Frenkel J K.The Toxoplasma gondii oocyst from cat feces[J].J Exp Med,1970,132(4):636-662.
[13]Dubey J P,Miller N L,Frenkel J K.Characterization of the new fecal form of Toxoplasma gondii[J].J Parasitol,1970,56(3):447-456.
[14]Dubey J P.History of the discovery of the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii[J].Int J Parasitol,2009,39(8):877-882.
[15]Dubey J P,Lunney J K,Shen S K,et al.Infectivity of low numbers of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts to pigs[J].JParasitol,1996,82(3):438-443.
[16]de Moura L,Bahia-oliveira L M,Wada M Y,et al.Waterborne outbreak of toxoplasmosis,Brazil,from field to gene[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2006,12(2):326-329.
[17]Speer C A,Dubey J P.Ultrastructural differentiation of Toxoplasma gondii schizonts(types B to E)and gamonts in the intestines of cats fed bradyzoites[J].Int J Parasitol,2005,35(2):193-206.
[18]Ferguson D J.Use of molecular and ultrastructural markers to evaluate stage conversion of Toxoplasma gondii in both the intermediate and definitive host[J].Int J Parasitol,2004,34(3):347-360.
[19]Dubey J P,Sreekumar C.Redescription of Hammondia hammondi and its differentiation from Toxoplasma gondii[J].Int J Parasitol,2003,33(13):1437-1453.
[20]Spada E,Proverbio D,della Pepa A,et al.Seroprevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus,feline leukaemia virus and Toxoplasma gondii in stray cat colonies in northern Italy and correlation with clinical and laboratory data[J].JFeline Med Surg,2012,14(6):369-377.
[21]Can H,D??kaya M,Ajzenberg D,et al.Genetic characterization of Toxplasma gondii isolates and toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in stray cats of izmir,Turkey[J].PLoS One,2014,9(8):e104930.
[22]Jokelainen P,Simola O,Rantanen E,et al.Feline toxoplasmosis in Finland:cross-sectional epidemiological study and case series study[J].J Vet Diagn Invest,2012,24(6):1115-1124.
[23]Deksne G,Petrusēvi?a A,Kirju?ina M.Seroprevalence and factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats from urban areas in Latvia[J].J Parasitol,2013,99(1):48-50.
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