医疗人工智能发展面临的法律与伦理挑战及对策研究
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摘要
医疗人工智能在带来发展契机的同时,也出现了一系列法律和伦理方面的挑战。因此要从明确法律主体、清晰划分法律责任、保护数据与隐私权、建立社会规范和伦理准则等方面对医疗人工智能进行法律规制和伦理引导,以更好地提高医疗水平,促进人类健康。
Medical artificial intelligence has brought about a series of legal and ethical challenges while bringing development opportunities. Therefore, legal regulation and ethical guidance of medical artificial intelligence should be carried out from the aspects of clear legal subjects, clear division of legal responsibilities,data protection and privacy rights, establishment of social norms and ethical standards, so as to better improve medical standards and promote human health.
Medical artificial intelligence has brought about a series of legal and ethical challenges while bringing development opportunities. Therefore, legal regulation and ethical guidance of medical artificial intelligence should be carried out from the aspects of clear legal subjects, clear division of legal responsibilities,data protection and privacy rights, establishment of social norms and ethical standards, so as to better improve medical standards and promote human health.
引文
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[3]Yan J,Sun YL.Application of artificial intelligence in biomedical field and research on coping strategies of legal ethics[J].Smart Talk,2017,12:56-60.[颜俊,孙宜利.人工智能在生物医疗领域的应用及法律伦理问题应对策略研究[J].大智慧,2017,12:56-60.]
[4]Wu HD.Institutional arrangement and legal regulation in the age of artificial intelligence[J].Legal Science(Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law),2017,5:128-136.[吴汉东.人工智能时代的制度安排与法律规制[J].法律科学(西北政法大学学报),2017,5:128-136.]
[5]Experts recommend that the law be implemented to achieve special respect and protection for in vitro fertilized eggs[EB/OL].http://news.ifeng.com/a/20141015/42205404_0.shtml,2014-10-15.[专家建议修法实现对体外受精卵的特殊尊重和保护[EB/OL]http://news.ifeng.com/a/20141015/42205404_0.shtml,2014-10-15.]
[6]Dang JY.Research on the ethics and legal risk of artificial intelligence[J].Information Security Research,2017,12:1080-1090.[党家玉.人工智能的伦理与法律风险问题研究[J].信息安全研究,2017,12:1080-1090.]
[7]Tort Liability Law of the People’s Republic of China(adopted at the Twelfth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People’s Congress on December 26,2009)[EB/OL].http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/lfzt/rlyw/2016-07/01/content_1992753.htm,2009-12-26.[中华人民共和国侵权责任法(2009年12月26日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议通过)[EB/OL].http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/lfzt/rlyw/2016-07/01/content_1992753.htm,2009-12-26.]
[8]Zhang M,Li Q.Security risks and legal prevention and control of artificial intelligence applications[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University(Social Science Edition,2018,3:108-115.)[张敏,李倩.人工智能应用的安全风险及法律防控[J].西北工业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,3:108-115.]
[9]Zhou M.Capital blitz:how far is artificial intelligence from us?[J].Shanghai-Hong Kong Economy,2017,8:56-60.[周敏.资本热捧:人工智能坐诊离我们还有多远?[J].沪港经济,2017,8:56-60.]
[10]Artificial intelligence to see the face of the disease:accuracy rate of 90%,fear of discriminatory abuse[EB/OL].https://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2019-01-08/doc-ihqfskcn5005545.shtml,2019-01-08.[人工智能看脸识疾病:准确率达90%,担心歧视性滥用[EB/OL].https://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2019-01-08/doc-ihqfskcn5005545.shtml,2019-01-08.]
[11]Zhang HS.US artificial intelligence legislation[J].Global Technology Economy Outlook,2018,33(9):54-61.[张华胜.美国人工智能立法情况[J].全球科技经济瞭望,2018,33(9):54-61.]
[12]Liu YH.Discussion on artificial intelligence and social ethics[J].Robotics and Applications,2017,5:44-48.[刘耀会.关于人工智能与社会伦理的探讨[J].机器人技术与应用,2017,5:44-48.]
[13]Gao F.The development of artificial intelligence requires“navigation”[EB/OL].http://news.gmw.cn/2019-03/28/content_32687929.htm,2019-03-28.[高芳.人工智能发展需要“导航”[EB/OL].http://news.gmw.cn/2019-03/28/content_32687929.htm,2019-03-28.]
[14]Bao AB,Xu P.Ethical risks and coping strategies of medical artificial intelligence[J].Medicine and Philosophy,2018,39(6A):37-40.[包桉冰,徐佩.医疗人工智能的伦理风险及应对策略[J].医学与哲学,2018,39(6A):37-40.]