扬州地区乡村绿化植物群落的结构特征
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摘要
以植物群落学方法对扬州地区45个村庄的绿化植物群落的植被类型、物种组成、物种来源、物种多样性、使用频度、垂直与水平结构及植株健康状况等进行了研究,以期为扬州及周边地区的乡村绿化提供理论指导。采用样方调查法,共设置了标准样地121个,其中公共绿地(公园绿地、村口绿地等)的标准样地为20 m×10 m,道路绿地为100 m×2 m,河道绿地为20 m×10 m。结果表明:①扬州地区乡村绿化植物群落主要植被类型为常绿阔叶林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林,植物种类达227种,隶属于88科169属,乔、灌、草的应用比例依次为25.6%,32.2%, 42.2%。②绿化植物使用频度在20%以上的乔木5种,灌木7种,草本0种。69.0%的乔木种与67.1%灌木种的使用频度都在5%以下,仅4.2%的草本种使用频度在10%以上。③绿化植物群落中Patrick丰富度指数、 Shannon-Wiener指数、 Simpson指数变化趋势基本一致,从大到小依次为灌木层、乔木层、草本层,乔木层、灌木层、草本层的平均物种数量依次为5.3, 6.5, 3.5种, Pielou指数从大到小依次为乔木层、灌木层、草本层。④大部分绿化植物属于小径级,中等高度,植物健康状况的平均得分为2.31,总体健康状况处于一般偏下,且绿化植物群落健康程度从高到低依次为城镇型村庄、乡村型村庄、城郊型村庄。图6表6参20
To provide theoretical guidance for greening constru ction in the rural area of Yangzhou and other surrounding regions, vegetation types, species composition, source of species, species diversity, frequency, vertical and horizontal structure, and plant health status in greening plant communities of 45 villages in Yangzhou were studied systematically using methods of phytocoenology. Analysis included the Patrick richness, ShannonWiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes. Using the sample survey method, a total of 121 standard plots were set up, the size of standard plot for public green space(park green space, village green space, etc.) was 20 m ×10 m, the road green space was 100 m × 2 m, and the river green space was 20 m × 10 m. Results showed that(1) the evergreen broadleaf forest was the most common vegetation type in rural greening plant communities followed by the evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest. Totally, 227 plant species from all sample plots were recorded belonging to 169 genera and 88 families comprised of trees(25.6%), shrubs(32.2%), and herbs(42.2%).(2) The frequency of plant species used for trees, shrubs, and herbs that was above 20% was5 for trees, 7 for shrubs, and 0 for herbs. At the same time, the frequency of plant species used that was below5% was 69.0% for trees and 67.1% for shrubs. However, for herbs the frequency of plant use above 10% was only 4.2%.(3) The Patrick richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson index for greening plant communities were characterized by shrub layer>tree layer>herb layer; whereas the Pielou index was arranged in the order of tree layer>shrub layer>herb layer with average species of 5.3(tree layer), 6.5(shrub layer),and 3.5(herb layer).(4) The majority of greening plants were small in breadth and of medium height, and the score for plant health status was 2.31 meaning the overall health status was generally low. In addition, the degree of plant health status for rural greening followed the general law of urban-type villages>remote suburban villages>suburban villages. [Ch, 6 fig. 6 tab. 20 ref.]
To provide theoretical guidance for greening constru ction in the rural area of Yangzhou and other surrounding regions, vegetation types, species composition, source of species, species diversity, frequency, vertical and horizontal structure, and plant health status in greening plant communities of 45 villages in Yangzhou were studied systematically using methods of phytocoenology. Analysis included the Patrick richness, ShannonWiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes. Using the sample survey method, a total of 121 standard plots were set up, the size of standard plot for public green space(park green space, village green space, etc.) was 20 m ×10 m, the road green space was 100 m × 2 m, and the river green space was 20 m × 10 m. Results showed that(1) the evergreen broadleaf forest was the most common vegetation type in rural greening plant communities followed by the evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest. Totally, 227 plant species from all sample plots were recorded belonging to 169 genera and 88 families comprised of trees(25.6%), shrubs(32.2%), and herbs(42.2%).(2) The frequency of plant species used for trees, shrubs, and herbs that was above 20% was5 for trees, 7 for shrubs, and 0 for herbs. At the same time, the frequency of plant species used that was below5% was 69.0% for trees and 67.1% for shrubs. However, for herbs the frequency of plant use above 10% was only 4.2%.(3) The Patrick richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson index for greening plant communities were characterized by shrub layer>tree layer>herb layer; whereas the Pielou index was arranged in the order of tree layer>shrub layer>herb layer with average species of 5.3(tree layer), 6.5(shrub layer),and 3.5(herb layer).(4) The majority of greening plants were small in breadth and of medium height, and the score for plant health status was 2.31 meaning the overall health status was generally low. In addition, the degree of plant health status for rural greening followed the general law of urban-type villages>remote suburban villages>suburban villages. [Ch, 6 fig. 6 tab. 20 ref.]
引文
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[9]张凯旋,车生泉,马少初,等.城市化进程中上海植被的多样性、空间格局和动态响应(Ⅵ):上海外环林带群落多样性与结构特征[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2011(4):1-14.ZHANG Kaixuan, CHE Shengquan, MA Shaochu, et al. Diversity, spatial pattern and dynamics of vegetation under urbanization in Shanghai(Ⅵ):community diversity and its structural characteristics of Shanghai green belt[J]. J East China Norm Univ Nat Sci, 2011(4):1-14.
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[11]王仁卿,藤原一绘,尤海梅.森林植被恢复的理论和实践:用乡土树种重建当地森林——宫胁森林重建法介绍[J].植物生态学报, 2002(增刊1):133-139.WANG Renqing, KAUZE Fujiwara, YOU Haimei. Theory and practices for forest vegetation restoration:native forest with native trees-introduction of the Miyawaki’s method for reconstruction of environmental protection forest(ecological method to reforestation)[J]. Acta Phytoecol Sin, 2002(suppl 1):133-139.
[12]菅文娜,雷振东.黄土高原民居绿化植物区划及应用频度分析[J].中国园林, 2016, 32(7):111-114.JIAN Wenna, LEI Zhendong. Study on the zoning and application frequency of residential courtyard plants in the Loess Plateau Area[J]. Chin Landscape Archit, 2016, 32(7):111-114.
[13]杜龙辉.南京市乡村绿化植物调查与应用研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2012.DU Longhui. Studies on the Investigation and Application of Green Plants in Nanjing New Rural[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 2012.
[14]彭春华.扬州现代城市森林发展[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2015.
[15]马存琛.江苏省苏南地区新农村绿化模式研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2010.MA Cunchen. Study on New Rural Afforestation Mode in Southern Jiangsu Province[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 2010.
[16]江苏省扬州市地方志编纂委员会.扬州市志[Z].上海:中国大百科全书出版社, 1997.
[17]邱尔发,许飞,王成,等.福建省乡村道路林种群分布及结构特征研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2012, 34(4):68-74.QIU Erfa, XU Fei, WANG Cheng, et al. Population distribution and structure characteristics of village roadside forest in Fujian Province, Eastern China[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2012, 34(4):68-74.
[18]李健,樊金萍,王丽波,等.基于美丽乡村建设的乡村绿地规划研究[J].中国农业资源与区划, 2016, 37(6):126-132.LI Jian, FAN Jinping, WANG Libo. Study on rural green space planning based on the construction of beautiful countryside[J]. Chin J Agric Resour Reg Plann, 2016, 37(6):126-132.
[19]郝日明,毛志滨.浅议城市绿地系统建设中的树种规划[J].中国园林, 2003, 19(11):70-73.HAO Riming, MAO Zhibin. Discussion about the choice of tree species in the urban green area ecosystem[J]. Chin Landscape Archit, 2003, 19(11):70-73.
[20]HELFAND G E, SIK P J, NASSAUER J I, et al. The economics of native plants in residential landscape designs[J].Landscape Urban Plann, 2006, 78(3):229-240.
[2]PARAJULI R, LAMICHHANE D, JOSHI O. Does Nepal’s community forestry program improve the rural household economy? A cost-benefit analysis of community forestry user groups in Kaski and Syangja districts of Nepal[J]. J For Res, 2015, 20(6):475-483.
[3]ADAM Y O, PETTENELLA D. The contribution of small-scale forestry-based enterprises to the Rural Economy in the developing world:the case of the informal carpentry sector, Sudan[J]. Small-Scale For, 2013, 12(3):461-474.
[4]付亚星,王乐,彭帅,等.河北坝上乡田防护林防风效能及类型配置研究:以河北省康保县为例[J].水土保持研究, 2014, 21(3):279-283.FU Yaxing, WANG Le, PENG Shuai, et al. Research on windproof efficiency and type configuration of farmland shelterbelt in Bashang Region of Hebei Province:taking Kangbao County as an example[J]. Res Soil Water Conserv,2014, 21(3):279-283.
[5]朱惜晨,蒋春,黄利斌.苏南水网地区自然型村庄绿化模式初探[J].林业科技开发, 2010, 24(1):135-138.ZHU Xichen, JIANG Chun, HUANG Libin. A preliminary study on the greening mode of natural villages of water-network region in southern Jiangsu[J]. China For Sci Technol, 2010, 24(1):135-138.
[6]祝遵凌,刘亚亮,褚茜.长三角新农村庭院植物多样性与配置模式[J].东北林业大学学报, 2011, 39(7):35-37.ZHU Zunling, LIU Yaliang, CHU Qian. Diversity and allocation pattern of courtyard plants in new countryside in Yangtze River Delta[J]. J Northeast For Univ, 2011, 39(7):35-37.
[7]任斌斌,李树华,殷丽峰,等.苏南乡村生态植物景观营造[J].生态学杂志, 2010, 29(8):1655-1661.REN Binbin, LI Shuhua, YIN Lifeng, et al. Ecological construction of plant landscapes in rural areas of southern Jiangsu[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2010, 29(8):1655-1661.
[8]吴征镒.中国植被[M].北京:科学出版社, 1980.
[9]张凯旋,车生泉,马少初,等.城市化进程中上海植被的多样性、空间格局和动态响应(Ⅵ):上海外环林带群落多样性与结构特征[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2011(4):1-14.ZHANG Kaixuan, CHE Shengquan, MA Shaochu, et al. Diversity, spatial pattern and dynamics of vegetation under urbanization in Shanghai(Ⅵ):community diversity and its structural characteristics of Shanghai green belt[J]. J East China Norm Univ Nat Sci, 2011(4):1-14.
[10]国家林业局.国家森林资源连续清查技术规定(2014)[R].北京:国家林业和草原局, 2014.
[11]王仁卿,藤原一绘,尤海梅.森林植被恢复的理论和实践:用乡土树种重建当地森林——宫胁森林重建法介绍[J].植物生态学报, 2002(增刊1):133-139.WANG Renqing, KAUZE Fujiwara, YOU Haimei. Theory and practices for forest vegetation restoration:native forest with native trees-introduction of the Miyawaki’s method for reconstruction of environmental protection forest(ecological method to reforestation)[J]. Acta Phytoecol Sin, 2002(suppl 1):133-139.
[12]菅文娜,雷振东.黄土高原民居绿化植物区划及应用频度分析[J].中国园林, 2016, 32(7):111-114.JIAN Wenna, LEI Zhendong. Study on the zoning and application frequency of residential courtyard plants in the Loess Plateau Area[J]. Chin Landscape Archit, 2016, 32(7):111-114.
[13]杜龙辉.南京市乡村绿化植物调查与应用研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2012.DU Longhui. Studies on the Investigation and Application of Green Plants in Nanjing New Rural[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 2012.
[14]彭春华.扬州现代城市森林发展[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2015.
[15]马存琛.江苏省苏南地区新农村绿化模式研究[D].南京:南京林业大学, 2010.MA Cunchen. Study on New Rural Afforestation Mode in Southern Jiangsu Province[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University, 2010.
[16]江苏省扬州市地方志编纂委员会.扬州市志[Z].上海:中国大百科全书出版社, 1997.
[17]邱尔发,许飞,王成,等.福建省乡村道路林种群分布及结构特征研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2012, 34(4):68-74.QIU Erfa, XU Fei, WANG Cheng, et al. Population distribution and structure characteristics of village roadside forest in Fujian Province, Eastern China[J]. J Beijing For Univ, 2012, 34(4):68-74.
[18]李健,樊金萍,王丽波,等.基于美丽乡村建设的乡村绿地规划研究[J].中国农业资源与区划, 2016, 37(6):126-132.LI Jian, FAN Jinping, WANG Libo. Study on rural green space planning based on the construction of beautiful countryside[J]. Chin J Agric Resour Reg Plann, 2016, 37(6):126-132.
[19]郝日明,毛志滨.浅议城市绿地系统建设中的树种规划[J].中国园林, 2003, 19(11):70-73.HAO Riming, MAO Zhibin. Discussion about the choice of tree species in the urban green area ecosystem[J]. Chin Landscape Archit, 2003, 19(11):70-73.
[20]HELFAND G E, SIK P J, NASSAUER J I, et al. The economics of native plants in residential landscape designs[J].Landscape Urban Plann, 2006, 78(3):229-240.