扰动强度对太湖水华微囊藻群体生长和叶绿素荧光的影响
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摘要
风浪扰动在湖泊和水库中频繁发生,是影响湖泊生态系统的重要因素之一.为了解太湖风浪扰动对水华微囊藻群体生长的影响,并探究其影响机理,利用室内摇床试验,设置不同的扰动强度(0、50、100、200、400 rmin)来模拟太湖风浪扰动,扰动时间为24 h,并测定不同扰动强度下水华微囊藻群体生长和叶绿素荧光参数.结果表明,所有试验组中,100 rmin组的ρ(Chla)、微囊藻数量、F_vF_m(潜在最大光合效率)、ETR_(max)(潜在最大光合速率)、I_k(半饱和光强)和α(光能利用效率)增加最快,试验结束时分别为扰动前的3.29、10.75、1.20、2.30、2.21和1.21倍;并且扰动结束后,100 rmin组中3~10细胞群体细胞数量占比由25.80%降至20.70%,显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而>10细胞群体细胞数量占比由0增至25.55%,显著高于对照组(P<0.05).方差分析表明,试验第7~11天,100 rmin组的ρ(Chla)、水华微囊藻数量、F_vF_m、ETR_(max)和α显著高于对照组(P<0.05);第1~5天,400rmin组的ρ(Chla)、ETR_(max)和I_k显著低于对照组(P<0.05).研究显示,适宜的扰动强度(100 rmin)促进水华微囊藻群体生长和光合活性,过高的扰动强度(400 rmin)则抑制水华微囊藻群体生长和光合活性.
Disturbance induced by wind-wave occurs frequently in lakes and reservoirs,and it is one of the important factors affecting the lakes ecosystem.To understand the effect and mechanism of mixing induced by wind-wave on the growth of Microcystis flos-aquae colony in Lake Taihu,an experiment was conducted in lab,using different disturbance intensity(0,50,100,200 and 400 rmin)by agitator to simulate the mixing induced by wind-wave in Lake Taihu.The disturbance time is 24 h.Growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of M.flos-aquae colony were measured in this study.The study results showed that the increasing speeds ofρ(Chla),abundance,potential maximum photosynthetic efficiency(F_vF_m),the potential maximum photosynthetic rate(ETR_(max)),half saturation light intensity(I_k)and light use efficiency(α)of M.flos-aquae in the 100 rmin groups were the highest among all treatment groups.In the end of the experiment,the value ofρ(Chla),abundance,F_vF_m,ETR_(max),I_kandαof M.flos-aquae in the 100 rmin groups were 3.29,10.75,1.20,2.30,2.21 and 1.21 times as more as that before mixing in the experiment.In the end of this experiment,the cell abundance of3-10 cells colony of M.flos-aquae in the 100 rmin groups decreased from 25.80%to 20.70%to total cell abundance,and which was significantly lower than that in the control groups(P<0.05).However,the cell abundance of>10 cells colony of M.flos-aquae in the 100rmin groups increased significantly from 0 to 25.55%to total cell abundance,which was significantly higher than that in the control groups(P<0.05).The variance analysis showed that theρ(Chla),abundance,F_vF_m,ETR_(max)andαof M.flos-aquae in the 100 rmin groups were significantly higher than those in the control groups(P<0.05)during the 7~(th)-11~(th)day in the experiment.During the 1~(st)-5~(th )day,theρ(Chla),ETR_(max)and I_kin the 400 rmin treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control groups(P<0.05)in the experiment.The results showed that the suitable disturbance intensity(100 rmin)promoted the growth and photosynthetic activity of M.flos-aquae,but the high disturbance intensity(400 rmin)inhibited the growth and photosynthetic activity of M.flos-aquae.
Disturbance induced by wind-wave occurs frequently in lakes and reservoirs,and it is one of the important factors affecting the lakes ecosystem.To understand the effect and mechanism of mixing induced by wind-wave on the growth of Microcystis flos-aquae colony in Lake Taihu,an experiment was conducted in lab,using different disturbance intensity(0,50,100,200 and 400 rmin)by agitator to simulate the mixing induced by wind-wave in Lake Taihu.The disturbance time is 24 h.Growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of M.flos-aquae colony were measured in this study.The study results showed that the increasing speeds ofρ(Chla),abundance,potential maximum photosynthetic efficiency(F_vF_m),the potential maximum photosynthetic rate(ETR_(max)),half saturation light intensity(I_k)and light use efficiency(α)of M.flos-aquae in the 100 rmin groups were the highest among all treatment groups.In the end of the experiment,the value ofρ(Chla),abundance,F_vF_m,ETR_(max),I_kandαof M.flos-aquae in the 100 rmin groups were 3.29,10.75,1.20,2.30,2.21 and 1.21 times as more as that before mixing in the experiment.In the end of this experiment,the cell abundance of3-10 cells colony of M.flos-aquae in the 100 rmin groups decreased from 25.80%to 20.70%to total cell abundance,and which was significantly lower than that in the control groups(P<0.05).However,the cell abundance of>10 cells colony of M.flos-aquae in the 100rmin groups increased significantly from 0 to 25.55%to total cell abundance,which was significantly higher than that in the control groups(P<0.05).The variance analysis showed that theρ(Chla),abundance,F_vF_m,ETR_(max)andαof M.flos-aquae in the 100 rmin groups were significantly higher than those in the control groups(P<0.05)during the 7~(th)-11~(th)day in the experiment.During the 1~(st)-5~(th )day,theρ(Chla),ETR_(max)and I_kin the 400 rmin treatment groups were significantly lower than those in the control groups(P<0.05)in the experiment.The results showed that the suitable disturbance intensity(100 rmin)promoted the growth and photosynthetic activity of M.flos-aquae,but the high disturbance intensity(400 rmin)inhibited the growth and photosynthetic activity of M.flos-aquae.
引文
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[4]QIN Boqiang,ZHU Guangwei,GAO Guang,et al.A drinking water crisis in Lake Taihu,China:linkage to climatic variability and lake management[J].Environmental Management,2010,45:105-112.
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[7]赵瑾,常学秀,吴程,等.Ni2+胁迫对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和集胞藻(Synechocystis sp.)的生长和光合色素的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2010,5(5):679-684.ZHAO Jin,CHANG Xuexiu,WU Cheng,et al.Effects of nickel on growth and photosynthetic pigments of Microcystis aeruginosa and Synechocystis sp.[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2010,5(5):679-684.
[8]张晓峰,孔繁翔,曹焕生,等.太湖梅梁湾水华蓝藻复苏过程的研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(7):1346-1350.ZHANG Xiaofeng,KONG Fanxiang,CAO Huansheng,et al.Recruitment dynamics of bloom-forming cyanobacteria in Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(7):1346-1350.
[9]CAO Huansheng,KONG Fanxiang,LUO Liancong,et al.Effects of wind and wind-induced waves on vertical phytoplankton distribution and surface blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2006,21:231-238.
[10]HUNTER P D,TYLER A N,WILLBY N J,et al.The spatial dynamics of vertical migration by Microcystis aeruginosa in a eutrophic shallow lake:a case study using high spatial resolution ttime-series airborne remote sensing[J].Limnol Oceanogr,2008,53(6):2391-2406.
[11]WU Tingfeng,QIN Boqiang,ZHU Guangwei,et al.Dynamics of cyanobacterial bloom formation during short-term hydrodynamic fluctuation in a large shallow,eutrophic,and wind-exposed Lake Taihu,China[J].Environmental Science Pollution Research,2013,20(12):8546-8556.
[12]PAERL W H,FULTON R S,MOISANDER P H,et al.Harmful freshwater algal blooms,with an emphasis on cyanobacteria[J].Scientific World Journal,2001,1:76-113.
[13]CHISLOCK M F,DOSTER E.Eutrophication:causes,consequences,and controls in aquatic ecosystems[J].Nature Education Knowledge,2013,4(4):10-17.
[14]SMITH V H,TILMAN G D,NEKOLA J C.Eutrophication:impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater,marine,and terrestrial ecosystems[J].Environmental Pollution,1999,100:179-196.
[15]PAERL H W,HALL N S,CALANDRINO E S.Controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a world experiencing anthropogenic and climatic-induced change[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409:1739-1745.
[16]FOY R H,GIBSON C E,SMITH R V.The influence of daylength,light intensity and temperature on the growth rates of planktonic blue-green algae[J].British Phycological Journal,1976,11:151-163.
[17]REYNOLDS C S.The ecology of phytoplankton[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2006.
[18]张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.悬浮物浓度对水下光照和初级生产力的影响[J].水科学进展,2004,15(5):615-620.ZHANG Yunlin,QIN Boqiang,CHEN Weimin,et al.Experimental study on underwater light intensity and primary productivity caused by variation of total suspended matter[J].Advances in Water Science,2004,15(5):615-620.
[19]BURKERT U,HYENSTRAND P,DRAKARE S,et al.Effects of the mixotrophic Flagellate ochromonas sp.on colony formation in Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Aquatic Ecology,2001,35(1):11-17.
[20]LI Yunguang,GAO Kunshan.Photosynthetic physiology and growth as a function of colony size in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sphaeroides[J].European Journal of Phycology,2004,39(1):9-15.
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[23]王华,逄勇.藻类生长的水动力学因素影响与数值仿真[J].环境科学,2008,29(4):884-889.WANG Hua,PANG Yong.Numerical simulation on hydrodynamic character for algae growth[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(4):884-889.
[24]张冰,李飞鹏,张月红,等.水体扰动对铜绿微囊藻生长影响的模拟实验[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(6):45-49.ZHANG Bing,LI Feipeng,ZHANG Yuehong,et al.Simulation experiment on the effect of water disturbance on growth of Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Environmental Science&Technology(China),2013,36(6):45-49.
[25]杨桂军,秦伯强,高光,等.角突网纹溞在太湖微囊藻群体形成中的作用[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(4):495-501.YANG Guijjun,QIN Boqiang,GAO Guang,et al.Effect of Ceriodaphnia cornuta in colony formation of Microcystis in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Lake Science,2009,21(4):495-501.
[26]张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.太湖水体中悬浮物研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2004,13(3):266-271.ZHANG Yunlin,QIN Boqiang,CHEN Weimin,et al.A study on total suspended matter in Lake Taihu[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2004,13(3):266-271.
[27]范成新,张路,秦伯强,等.风浪作用下太湖悬浮态颗粒物中磷的动态释放估算[J].中国科学,2003,33(8):760-768.
[28]许海,吴雅丽,杨桂军,等.铜绿微囊藻、斜生栅藻对氮磷饥饿的耐受能力研究[J].生态科学,2014,33(5):879-884.XU Hai,WU Yali,YANG Guijun,et al.Tolerance of Microcystis aeruginosa and Scendesmus obliquus to nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency[J].Ecological Science,2014,33(5):879-884.
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