基于刮削与振动原理的减粘降阻镇压装置研究
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摘要
针对镇压作业时,土壤粘附严重、牵引阻力大等问题,借鉴地面机械触土部件减粘降阻法,设计了一种机械式减粘降阻镇压装置。进行镇压装置运动过程分析、镇压轮表面脱土机理分析和刮削板脱土机理分析,为确定镇压装置减粘降阻的能力提供了理论依据,并在此基础上对镇压装置的关键机构进行了设计。为研究机械式减粘降阻镇压装置的工作性能,以弹簧刚度、前进速度和刮削角为试验因素,以牵引阻力、土壤粘附量为试验指标,在室内土槽中进行L9(34)正交试验。试验结果表明:各因素对指标影响的主次顺序为弹簧刚度、刮削角、前进速度;最优水平组合为弹簧刚度40 N/mm、刮削角30°、前进速度7 km/h。以最优水平组合进行验证试验,得到牵引阻力39.6 N,土壤粘附量43.24 g。与传统镇压装置的对比试验表明,机械式减粘降阻镇压装置使牵引阻力降低17.8%,土壤粘附量降低34.8%。
Aiming at the problems such as serious soil adhesion,large traction resistance,a press device in mechanical type reducing adhesion and resistance was designed according to the method of terrain machines reducing adhesion and resistance. The movement process of press device was analyzed. The suppression device,scraping angle to take off the soil,and soil compaction mechanism analysis were done. The mechanism analysis can provide theoretical basis for the design of the press device,and based on that the key components of press device was designed. For the study performance of press device in mechanical type reducing adhesion and resistance,the spring stiffness coefficient,speed and scraping angle were taken as experimental factors,traction resistance,soil adhesive quality were taken as test indexes. The orthogonal test L9(34) was conducted in the indoor soil bin for getting test factors affecting the performance of press device work. Test results showed that the order of the various factors affecting were as follows: the spring stiffness coefficient,scraping angle and speed; the best combination: the spring stiffness coefficient was 40 N/mm,scraping angle was 30°,and speed was 7 km/h. To the optimal level combination of verification experiment: traction resistance was 39. 6 N,and soil adhesive quality was 43. 24 g. Compared with the traditional repressive device,the results showed that the press device based on scrape and vibration principle can reduce the traction resistance by 17. 8% and the soil adhesion can be reduced by 34. 8%.
Aiming at the problems such as serious soil adhesion,large traction resistance,a press device in mechanical type reducing adhesion and resistance was designed according to the method of terrain machines reducing adhesion and resistance. The movement process of press device was analyzed. The suppression device,scraping angle to take off the soil,and soil compaction mechanism analysis were done. The mechanism analysis can provide theoretical basis for the design of the press device,and based on that the key components of press device was designed. For the study performance of press device in mechanical type reducing adhesion and resistance,the spring stiffness coefficient,speed and scraping angle were taken as experimental factors,traction resistance,soil adhesive quality were taken as test indexes. The orthogonal test L9(34) was conducted in the indoor soil bin for getting test factors affecting the performance of press device work. Test results showed that the order of the various factors affecting were as follows: the spring stiffness coefficient,scraping angle and speed; the best combination: the spring stiffness coefficient was 40 N/mm,scraping angle was 30°,and speed was 7 km/h. To the optimal level combination of verification experiment: traction resistance was 39. 6 N,and soil adhesive quality was 43. 24 g. Compared with the traditional repressive device,the results showed that the press device based on scrape and vibration principle can reduce the traction resistance by 17. 8% and the soil adhesion can be reduced by 34. 8%.
引文
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14崔涛,史智栋,杨丽,等.弹簧预紧力可调式振动深松机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(增刊):96-102.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2016s015&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.S0.015.CUI Tao,SHI Zhidong,YANG Li,et al.Design and experiment of vibration subsoiler with adjustable spring pre-tightening force[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(Supp.):96-102.(in Chinese)
15蒋建东,高洁,赵颖娣,等.土壤旋切振动减阻的有限元分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(1):58-62.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20120112&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.01.012.JIANG Jiandong,GAO Jie,ZHAO Yingdi,et al.Finite element simulation and analysis on soil rotary tillage with external vibration excitation[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(1):58-62.(in Chinese)
16邱立春,李宝筏.自激振动深松机减阻试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):72-76.QIU Lichun,LI Baofa.Experiment study on the self-excited vibration subsoiler for reducing draft force[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2000,16(6):72-76.(in Chinese)
17李霞,付俊峰,张东兴,等.基于振动减阻原理的深松机牵引阻力的试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):32-36.LI Xia,FU Junfeng,ZHANG Dongxing,et al.Experiment analysis on traction resistance of vibration subsoiler[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):32-36.(in Chinese)
18贾洪雷,王文君,庄健,等.仿形弹性镇压辊减粘防滑结构设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(6):20-27.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150604&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.06.004.JIA Honglei,WANG Wenjun,ZHUANG Jian,et al.Design and experiment on reducing soil adhesion and anti-slip structure of profiling elastic press roller[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(6):20-27.(in Chinese)
19任露泉.土壤粘附力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.
20陈秉聪.车辆行走机构形态学及仿生减粘脱土理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
21卢里耶A B,格罗姆勃切夫斯基A A.农业机械的设计和计算[M].袁佳平,汪裕安,顾永康,译.北京:农业机械出版社,1983.
22陈滨.分析动力学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1987.
23张义民,李鹤.机械振动学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
24周又和.理论力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015.
25杜强,贾丽艳.SPSS统计分析从入门到精通[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009.
2赵佳乐.留茬行间交替耕作模式配套播种机关键技术研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2015.
3白晓虎.免耕播种机关键部件及其参数化设计方法研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.
4郭慧.行间耕播机弹性镇压装置研究与试验[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.
5贾铭钰.免耕播种机镇压装置的试验研究及计算机辅助设计[D].北京:中国农业大学,2000.JIA Mingyu.Study on press-device of no-tillage seeder and CAD[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2000.(in Chinese)
6 ALTIKAT S,CELIK A.The effects of tillage and intra-row compaction on seedbed properties and red lentil emergence under dry land conditions[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2011,114(1):1-8.
7 TONG J,ZHANG Q,GUO L,et al.Compaction performance of biomimetic press roller to soil[J].Journal of Bionic Engineering,2015,12(1):152-159.
8 TASER O F,KARA O.Silage maize(Zea mays L.)seedlings emergence as influenced by soil compaction treatments and contact pressures[J].Plant,Soil and Environment,2005,51(7):289-295.
9刘庆福,栾光辉.垄上镇压式玉米精密播种机保墒抗旱播种试验[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(4):197-198.
10于希臣,孙占祥,郑家明,等.不同镇压方式对玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J].杂粮作物,2002,22(5):271-273.
11佟金,张清珠,常原,等.肋条型仿生镇压辊减粘降阻试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(4):135-140.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20140421&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.04.021.TONG Jin,ZHANG Qingzhu,CHANG Yuan,et al.Reduction of soil adhesion and traction resistance of ridged bionic press rollers[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(4):135-140.(in Chinese)
12佟金,张清珠,常原,等.仿生镇压辊减粘降阻的有限元分析与试验验证[J/OL].农业机械报,2014,45(7):85-92.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20140714&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.07.014.TONG Jin,ZHANG Qingzhu,CHANG Yuan,et al.Finite element analysis and experimental verification of bionic press roller in reducing adhesion and resistance[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(7):85-92.(in Chinese)
13张军昌,闫小丽,林泽坤,等.自激式振动深松整地机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):44-49.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160907&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.09.007.ZHANG Junchang,YAN Xiaoli,LIN Zekun,et al.Design and experiment of self-exciting vibration deep-loosening and sub-soiling machine[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):44-49.(in Chinese)
14崔涛,史智栋,杨丽,等.弹簧预紧力可调式振动深松机设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(增刊):96-102.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2016s015&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.S0.015.CUI Tao,SHI Zhidong,YANG Li,et al.Design and experiment of vibration subsoiler with adjustable spring pre-tightening force[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(Supp.):96-102.(in Chinese)
15蒋建东,高洁,赵颖娣,等.土壤旋切振动减阻的有限元分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(1):58-62.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20120112&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.01.012.JIANG Jiandong,GAO Jie,ZHAO Yingdi,et al.Finite element simulation and analysis on soil rotary tillage with external vibration excitation[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(1):58-62.(in Chinese)
16邱立春,李宝筏.自激振动深松机减阻试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):72-76.QIU Lichun,LI Baofa.Experiment study on the self-excited vibration subsoiler for reducing draft force[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2000,16(6):72-76.(in Chinese)
17李霞,付俊峰,张东兴,等.基于振动减阻原理的深松机牵引阻力的试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(1):32-36.LI Xia,FU Junfeng,ZHANG Dongxing,et al.Experiment analysis on traction resistance of vibration subsoiler[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(1):32-36.(in Chinese)
18贾洪雷,王文君,庄健,等.仿形弹性镇压辊减粘防滑结构设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(6):20-27.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150604&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.06.004.JIA Honglei,WANG Wenjun,ZHUANG Jian,et al.Design and experiment on reducing soil adhesion and anti-slip structure of profiling elastic press roller[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(6):20-27.(in Chinese)
19任露泉.土壤粘附力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.
20陈秉聪.车辆行走机构形态学及仿生减粘脱土理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
21卢里耶A B,格罗姆勃切夫斯基A A.农业机械的设计和计算[M].袁佳平,汪裕安,顾永康,译.北京:农业机械出版社,1983.
22陈滨.分析动力学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1987.
23张义民,李鹤.机械振动学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
24周又和.理论力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2015.
25杜强,贾丽艳.SPSS统计分析从入门到精通[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009.