大跨矿山法隧道长距离下穿高压燃气管技术
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摘要
地铁隧道穿越重大地下管线已成为地铁工程中重要的技术问题,依托于青岛地铁8号线河套停车场出入线区间长距离穿越DN630高压燃气管的案例,由于场线隧道断面大、埋深浅,所处地层节理裂隙密集发育、稳定性差,普通施工方法必然会造成较大的燃气管沉降;同时高压燃气管对爆破振动较为敏感,如何控制爆破振速是设计难点。文中通过数值模拟与现场实测相结合的方法,借助大型岩土有限元分析软件Midas NX,对大跨隧道穿越燃气管进行数值模拟;同时对现有燃气管线进行监测,获得沉降及爆破振速变化曲线。经综合分析与对比后,结果表明:管线沉降限值8 mm及爆破振速限值0.5 cm/s可保证高压燃气管的安全;采用无工作室大管棚技术并辅助其他工法优化措施可有效地控制管线沉降;采用减振孔减振技术,同时洞内尝试大直径中空孔直眼掏槽、导洞法、周边眼加密等措施可有效地控制爆破振速。研究成果对指导类似矿山法隧道穿越重大管线及重要建构筑物的设计和施工具有重要的参考价值。
The exit line of the Hetao vehicle base of Qingdao Metro Line 8 needs to be long-distance crossing a DN630 high-pressure gas pipe.Due to the large section and the shallow depth of the field line tunnel, the joint cracks in the stratum are densely developed and the stability is poor. The ordinary construction method does not work, which will cause a large gas pipe to settle;and the high pressure gas pipe is sensitive to blasting vibration, so how to control the blasting vibration velocity is a difficulty in design.In this paper, through the combination of numerical simulation and on-site measurements, the large-scale geotechnical finite element analysis software Midas NX is used to simulate the settlement and blasting vibration caused by the large-span tunnel crossing the gas pipeline.At the same time, the existing gas pipeline is monitored, with settling and blasting vibration velocity curves obtained.An comparison of the results shows that the pipeline settlement limit of 8 mm and the blasting vibration velocity limit of 0.5 cm/s can ensure the safety of the high-pressure gas pipe; it is effective to use the non-studio large pipe shed technology and adopt other engineering optimization measure as well to control pipeline settlement.The vibration-reduction technology of the vibration reduction holes can be used to control the blasting vibration speed assisted by such measures as straight-eye grooving in large-diameter hollow hole,guiding hole method and peripheral eye encryption.The research results provide a guideline for the design and the construction of major pipelines and important structures in similar mine tunnels.
The exit line of the Hetao vehicle base of Qingdao Metro Line 8 needs to be long-distance crossing a DN630 high-pressure gas pipe.Due to the large section and the shallow depth of the field line tunnel, the joint cracks in the stratum are densely developed and the stability is poor. The ordinary construction method does not work, which will cause a large gas pipe to settle;and the high pressure gas pipe is sensitive to blasting vibration, so how to control the blasting vibration velocity is a difficulty in design.In this paper, through the combination of numerical simulation and on-site measurements, the large-scale geotechnical finite element analysis software Midas NX is used to simulate the settlement and blasting vibration caused by the large-span tunnel crossing the gas pipeline.At the same time, the existing gas pipeline is monitored, with settling and blasting vibration velocity curves obtained.An comparison of the results shows that the pipeline settlement limit of 8 mm and the blasting vibration velocity limit of 0.5 cm/s can ensure the safety of the high-pressure gas pipe; it is effective to use the non-studio large pipe shed technology and adopt other engineering optimization measure as well to control pipeline settlement.The vibration-reduction technology of the vibration reduction holes can be used to control the blasting vibration speed assisted by such measures as straight-eye grooving in large-diameter hollow hole,guiding hole method and peripheral eye encryption.The research results provide a guideline for the design and the construction of major pipelines and important structures in similar mine tunnels.
引文
[1] 白伟,梁新权,张学民,等.复杂环境条件下地铁隧道下穿燃气管线加固技术[J].交通科学与工程,2010,26(4):30-34.BAI Wei,LIANG Xin-quang,ZHANG Xue-min,et al.Strengthening technology for subway tunnel across the gas pipe under complex conditions[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2010,26(4):30-34.
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[3]朱康宁.浅埋暗挖隧道下穿次高压燃气管保护方案[J].现代隧道技术,2012,49(2):142-146.ZHU Kang-ning.Protection scheme for a shallow-bored tunnel under a gas pipeline with intermediate high pressure[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2012,49(2):142-146.
[4] 张晓今,钟毫忠.浅埋隧道侧穿加油站振速控制及规律分析[J].公路,2017(6):344-348.ZHANG Xiao-jin,ZHONG Hao-zhong.Vibration velocity control and regular analysis of shallow buried tunnel side by gas station[J].Highway,2017(6):344-348.
[5] 李克先,赵继增,雷刚.隧道控制爆破深大减振孔减振效果对比[J].隧道建设,2015,35(6):595-600.LI Ke-xian,ZHAO Ji-zeng,LEI Gang,et al.Study on vibration-reducing effect of deep and large vibration-reducing jole:case study on control blasting of a shallow-buried mined station of Qingdao metro[J].Tunnel Constuction,2015,35(6):595-600.
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[7] 周光伟,陈昌萍,李伟桢,等.地铁爆破振动对周边建筑物及燃气管的影响[J].厦门理工学院学报,2016,24(3):84-87.ZHOU Guang-wei,CHEN Chang-ping,LI Wei-zhen,et al.Impact of vibration of subway blasting on surrounding buildings and gas pipes[J].Journal of Xiamen University of Technology,2016,24(3):84-87.
[8] 张竹清.地铁盾构隧道下穿高压LNG(液化天燃气)管线距离要求及沉降控制标准探讨[J].隧道建设,2016,36(5):531-536.ZHANG Zhu-qing.Discussion on distance requirement and settlement control standard of metro shield tunnel crossing underneath high-pressure Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)pipeline[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(5):531-536.
[9] 方向,高振儒,龙源,等.减震沟对爆破震动减震效果的实验研究[J].工程爆破,2002,8(4):21-23.FANG Xiang,GAO Zhen-ru,LONG Yuan,et al.Experimental study on the effect of damping ditchon reduction of blasting vibration[J].Engineering Blasting,2002,8(4):21-23.
[10] 孙崔源,薛里,孟海利,等.几种典型爆破振动控制技术的试验研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2018,38(4):359-370.SUN Cui-yuan,XUE Li,MENG Hai-li,et al.Experimental research on several typical blasting vibration-controlling technologies[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2018,38(4):359-370.
[11] 王璞,陈志刚,张道振,等.市区复杂环境下深基坑开挖控制爆破[J].工程爆破,2010,16(1):35-39.WANG Pu,CHEN Zhi-gang,ZHANG Dao-zhen,et al.Controlled blasting for deep foundation pit excavation in complex city condition[J].Engineering Blasting,2010,16(1):35-39.
[12] 孙崔源,薛里,刘世波,等.深基坑减震孔降震效果试验和数值模拟研究[J].兵工学报,2017,6(38):237-242.SUN Cui-yuan,XUE Li,LIU Shi-bo,et al.Experiment and numerical simulation of the effect on vibration reduction of damping holes of deep foundation pits[J].Acta Armamentarll,2017,6(38):237-242.
[13] 周顺华.软弱地层浅埋暗挖施工中管棚法的棚架原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005(14):2565-2570.ZHOU Shun-hua.Principles of pipe roof applied to shallow-buried tunnels in soft ground[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005(14):2565-2570.
[14] 王霆,刘维宁,李兴高,等.地铁施工影响邻近管线的研究现状与展望[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(6):117-123.WANG Ting,LIU Wei-ning,LI Xinggao,et al.Current situation and prospect of studies on tunneling-induced effect of adjacent pipeline s[J].China Railway Science,2006,27(6):117-123.
[15] 朱朝祥,蔡伟,杨建军.深基坑爆破开挖技术在地铁工程中的应用[J].爆破,2009,26(4):49-52.ZHU Chao-xiang,CAI Wei,YANG Jian-jun,et al.Application of blasting excavation technology of deep foundation ditch in subway project[J].Blasting,2009,26(4):49-52.
[16] 丁松波,吴从师,罗杰峰,等.地铁基坑爆破中减振孔的降振效果实测研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2014,11(4):85-89.DING Song-bo,WU Chong-shi,LUO Jie-feng,et al.Study on the effect of damping hole on reducing blasting vibration under the excavation of subway foundation pits[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2014,11(4):85-89.
[17] 王建新,陈寿根,王靖华.深圳地铁4号线二期工程某段燃气管保护技术[J].隧道建设,2010,30(3):331-335.WANG Jian-xin,CHEN Shou-gen,WANG Jing-hua,et al.Gas pipeline protection technology in phase Ⅱ project of line 4 of Shenzhen metro[J].Tunnel Construction,2010,30(3):331-335.
[18] 蔺云宏,李冀伟,刘砚鹏,等.地铁隧道下穿既有建筑物的矿山法研究[J].工业安全与环保,2013,39(5):74-77.LIN Yun-hong,LI Ji-wei,LIU Yan-peng,et al.A study on mine tunneling method of constructing a tunnel beneath the existing building[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2013,39(5):74-77.
[19] 马陆宝,杨溢,李鹏飞,等.某露天矿开采爆破振动测试与分析[J].矿治,2013,22(4):18-21.MA Lu-bao,YANG Yi,LI Peng-fei,et al.Measurement and analysis of blasting vibration in the open-pit mining[J].Mining & Metallurgy,2013,22(4):18-21.
[20] 张运涛.隧道下穿高压管道沉降控制标准分析[J].河南城建学院学报,2017,26(2):33-39.ZHANG Yun-tao.Standard analysis of settlement control for tunnel crossing underneath high-pressure pipeline[J].Journal of Henan University of Urban Construction,2017,26(2):33-39.
[21] 奚家米,王明明,徐锋,等.超大断面浅埋隧道施工方法的数值模拟[J].西安科技大学学报,2015,35(5):602-610.XI Jia-mi,WANG Ming-ming,XU Feng,etal.Numerical simulation of construction method for shallow buried large section tunnel[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2005(14):2565-2570.
[22] Giogio B.Blasting-induced vibration in tunneling[J].Tunnel and Underground Space Technology,1994(2):25-27.
[23] Chen S G,Zhao J,Zhou Y X.UDEC modeling of a field explosion test[J].International Journal of Blasting and Fragmentation,2000(4):149-163.
[24] Sanchidrian J A.Damage in rock under explosive:Implementation in DYNA2D of a TCK model of surface mine and reclamation[J].[s.n.],1992,6(1):109-114.
[25] Singh P K.Blast vibration damage to underground coal mines from adjacent open pit blasting[J].International Journal of Rock Mehcanics & Mining Sciences,2003,20(2):959-973.
[26] Gioda G,Swoboda G.Developments and applications of the numerical analysis of tunnels in continuous media[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1999,23(13):1393-1405.
[2] 谭信荣.软弱富水地层隧道下穿燃气管道变形控制技术[J].铁道建筑,2011,11:43-46.TAN Xin-rong.Deformation control technology for gas pipelines under weak and water-rich formation tunnels[J].Railway Engineering,2011,11:43-46.
[3]朱康宁.浅埋暗挖隧道下穿次高压燃气管保护方案[J].现代隧道技术,2012,49(2):142-146.ZHU Kang-ning.Protection scheme for a shallow-bored tunnel under a gas pipeline with intermediate high pressure[J].Modern Tunneling Technology,2012,49(2):142-146.
[4] 张晓今,钟毫忠.浅埋隧道侧穿加油站振速控制及规律分析[J].公路,2017(6):344-348.ZHANG Xiao-jin,ZHONG Hao-zhong.Vibration velocity control and regular analysis of shallow buried tunnel side by gas station[J].Highway,2017(6):344-348.
[5] 李克先,赵继增,雷刚.隧道控制爆破深大减振孔减振效果对比[J].隧道建设,2015,35(6):595-600.LI Ke-xian,ZHAO Ji-zeng,LEI Gang,et al.Study on vibration-reducing effect of deep and large vibration-reducing jole:case study on control blasting of a shallow-buried mined station of Qingdao metro[J].Tunnel Constuction,2015,35(6):595-600.
[6] 姚海波,王梦恕,张顶立,等.热力隧道下穿地面建筑物的安全评价与对策[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):112-116.YAO Hai-bo,WANG Meng-shu,ZHANG Ding-li,et al.Security aspect and measurements while tunneling of the thermal power tunnel from below buildings on ground surface[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(1):112-116.
[7] 周光伟,陈昌萍,李伟桢,等.地铁爆破振动对周边建筑物及燃气管的影响[J].厦门理工学院学报,2016,24(3):84-87.ZHOU Guang-wei,CHEN Chang-ping,LI Wei-zhen,et al.Impact of vibration of subway blasting on surrounding buildings and gas pipes[J].Journal of Xiamen University of Technology,2016,24(3):84-87.
[8] 张竹清.地铁盾构隧道下穿高压LNG(液化天燃气)管线距离要求及沉降控制标准探讨[J].隧道建设,2016,36(5):531-536.ZHANG Zhu-qing.Discussion on distance requirement and settlement control standard of metro shield tunnel crossing underneath high-pressure Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)pipeline[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(5):531-536.
[9] 方向,高振儒,龙源,等.减震沟对爆破震动减震效果的实验研究[J].工程爆破,2002,8(4):21-23.FANG Xiang,GAO Zhen-ru,LONG Yuan,et al.Experimental study on the effect of damping ditchon reduction of blasting vibration[J].Engineering Blasting,2002,8(4):21-23.
[10] 孙崔源,薛里,孟海利,等.几种典型爆破振动控制技术的试验研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2018,38(4):359-370.SUN Cui-yuan,XUE Li,MENG Hai-li,et al.Experimental research on several typical blasting vibration-controlling technologies[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2018,38(4):359-370.
[11] 王璞,陈志刚,张道振,等.市区复杂环境下深基坑开挖控制爆破[J].工程爆破,2010,16(1):35-39.WANG Pu,CHEN Zhi-gang,ZHANG Dao-zhen,et al.Controlled blasting for deep foundation pit excavation in complex city condition[J].Engineering Blasting,2010,16(1):35-39.
[12] 孙崔源,薛里,刘世波,等.深基坑减震孔降震效果试验和数值模拟研究[J].兵工学报,2017,6(38):237-242.SUN Cui-yuan,XUE Li,LIU Shi-bo,et al.Experiment and numerical simulation of the effect on vibration reduction of damping holes of deep foundation pits[J].Acta Armamentarll,2017,6(38):237-242.
[13] 周顺华.软弱地层浅埋暗挖施工中管棚法的棚架原理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005(14):2565-2570.ZHOU Shun-hua.Principles of pipe roof applied to shallow-buried tunnels in soft ground[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005(14):2565-2570.
[14] 王霆,刘维宁,李兴高,等.地铁施工影响邻近管线的研究现状与展望[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(6):117-123.WANG Ting,LIU Wei-ning,LI Xinggao,et al.Current situation and prospect of studies on tunneling-induced effect of adjacent pipeline s[J].China Railway Science,2006,27(6):117-123.
[15] 朱朝祥,蔡伟,杨建军.深基坑爆破开挖技术在地铁工程中的应用[J].爆破,2009,26(4):49-52.ZHU Chao-xiang,CAI Wei,YANG Jian-jun,et al.Application of blasting excavation technology of deep foundation ditch in subway project[J].Blasting,2009,26(4):49-52.
[16] 丁松波,吴从师,罗杰峰,等.地铁基坑爆破中减振孔的降振效果实测研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2014,11(4):85-89.DING Song-bo,WU Chong-shi,LUO Jie-feng,et al.Study on the effect of damping hole on reducing blasting vibration under the excavation of subway foundation pits[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2014,11(4):85-89.
[17] 王建新,陈寿根,王靖华.深圳地铁4号线二期工程某段燃气管保护技术[J].隧道建设,2010,30(3):331-335.WANG Jian-xin,CHEN Shou-gen,WANG Jing-hua,et al.Gas pipeline protection technology in phase Ⅱ project of line 4 of Shenzhen metro[J].Tunnel Construction,2010,30(3):331-335.
[18] 蔺云宏,李冀伟,刘砚鹏,等.地铁隧道下穿既有建筑物的矿山法研究[J].工业安全与环保,2013,39(5):74-77.LIN Yun-hong,LI Ji-wei,LIU Yan-peng,et al.A study on mine tunneling method of constructing a tunnel beneath the existing building[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2013,39(5):74-77.
[19] 马陆宝,杨溢,李鹏飞,等.某露天矿开采爆破振动测试与分析[J].矿治,2013,22(4):18-21.MA Lu-bao,YANG Yi,LI Peng-fei,et al.Measurement and analysis of blasting vibration in the open-pit mining[J].Mining & Metallurgy,2013,22(4):18-21.
[20] 张运涛.隧道下穿高压管道沉降控制标准分析[J].河南城建学院学报,2017,26(2):33-39.ZHANG Yun-tao.Standard analysis of settlement control for tunnel crossing underneath high-pressure pipeline[J].Journal of Henan University of Urban Construction,2017,26(2):33-39.
[21] 奚家米,王明明,徐锋,等.超大断面浅埋隧道施工方法的数值模拟[J].西安科技大学学报,2015,35(5):602-610.XI Jia-mi,WANG Ming-ming,XU Feng,etal.Numerical simulation of construction method for shallow buried large section tunnel[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2005(14):2565-2570.
[22] Giogio B.Blasting-induced vibration in tunneling[J].Tunnel and Underground Space Technology,1994(2):25-27.
[23] Chen S G,Zhao J,Zhou Y X.UDEC modeling of a field explosion test[J].International Journal of Blasting and Fragmentation,2000(4):149-163.
[24] Sanchidrian J A.Damage in rock under explosive:Implementation in DYNA2D of a TCK model of surface mine and reclamation[J].[s.n.],1992,6(1):109-114.
[25] Singh P K.Blast vibration damage to underground coal mines from adjacent open pit blasting[J].International Journal of Rock Mehcanics & Mining Sciences,2003,20(2):959-973.
[26] Gioda G,Swoboda G.Developments and applications of the numerical analysis of tunnels in continuous media[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1999,23(13):1393-1405.