驾驶机舱LED灯光色温与人员警觉度关系仿真实验研究
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摘要
为了探讨驾驶机舱内LED灯光色温与人员警觉度的联系,在A320模拟驾驶舱内设置2 500～2 700 K,3 000～3 200 K,6 000～6 500 K 3种不同色温的LED灯光环境,采用卡斯罗林嗜睡量表(KSS)、闪光融合临界频率仪(CFF)、视觉舒适度评分量表(VCS),对5名被试人员在不同灯光环境的疲劳程度和视觉舒适度进行实时测量。针对测量结果,采用方差分析及描述性统计的数据分析方法,评价被试人员于不同灯光环境下的疲劳程度、视觉舒适度的差异性及变化情况。研究结果表明:高色温LED灯光环境下,人员的主观嗜睡感受及客观疲劳感受较低,且有着较低的疲劳感受增长率;高色温LED光源下人员的视觉舒适度也较高;增高LED灯光色温可一定程度上提升人员的警觉性。
In order to explore the relationship between the color temperature of LED lights and personnel alertness in the cockpit,three LED light environments with different color temperatures were set in the A320 simulation cockpit,which were2 500-2 700 K,3 000-3 200 K,6 000-6 500 K respectively. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale( KSS),critical flick fusion frequency( CFF) meter and visual comfortable scale( VCS) were used to measure the fatigue degree and visual comfort of five participants in real time in different light environments. According to the measurement results,the data analysis methods of variance analysis and descriptive statistics were adopted to evaluate the difference and change of fatigue degree and visual comfort of the participants in different light environments. The results showed that in the LED light environment with high color temperature,the subjective sleepiness and the objective fatigue feeling of the personnel were lower,with the lower growth rate of fatigue feeling,and the visual comfort of the personnel was relatively high. Increasing the color temperature of LED lighting could improve the alertness of personnel to a certain extent.
In order to explore the relationship between the color temperature of LED lights and personnel alertness in the cockpit,three LED light environments with different color temperatures were set in the A320 simulation cockpit,which were2 500-2 700 K,3 000-3 200 K,6 000-6 500 K respectively. The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale( KSS),critical flick fusion frequency( CFF) meter and visual comfortable scale( VCS) were used to measure the fatigue degree and visual comfort of five participants in real time in different light environments. According to the measurement results,the data analysis methods of variance analysis and descriptive statistics were adopted to evaluate the difference and change of fatigue degree and visual comfort of the participants in different light environments. The results showed that in the LED light environment with high color temperature,the subjective sleepiness and the objective fatigue feeling of the personnel were lower,with the lower growth rate of fatigue feeling,and the visual comfort of the personnel was relatively high. Increasing the color temperature of LED lighting could improve the alertness of personnel to a certain extent.
引文
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[2] BOURGEOISBOUGRINE S,CARBON P,GOUNELLE C,et al.Perceived fatigue for short-and long-haul flights:a survey of 739airline pilots.[J]. Aviat Space Environ Med,2003,74(10):1072-1077.
[3]民航资源网.飞行疲劳管理的现时与将来:现状如何?[EB/OL].(2018-11-20)[2019-07-21]. http://news. carnoc. com/list/470/470349. html.
[4] SMITH M R,EASTMAN C I. Phase Delaying the Human Circadian Clock with Blue-Enriched Polychromatic Light[J]. Chronobiology International,2009,26(4):709-725.
[5] LAXHMI C S,ROLAND S,PETER B,et al. Non-visual effects of light on melatonin,alertness and cognitive performance:Can blue-enriched light keep us alert?[J]. PLo S ONE,2011,6(1):e16429.
[6] CAJOCHEN C,MUNCH M,KOBIALKA S,et al. High sensitivity of human melatonin,alertness,thermoregulation,and heart rate to short wavelength light[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2005,90(3):1311-1316.
[7] VANDEWALLE G,GAIS S,SCHABUS M,et al. Wavelength-dependent modulation of brain responses to a working memory task by daytime light exposure[J]. Cerebral Cortex,2007,17(12):2788-2795.
[8] LOCKLEY S W,EVANS E E,SCHEER F A J L,et al. Shortwavelength sensitivity for the direct effects of light on alertness,vigilance,and the waking electroencephalogram in humans[J]. Sleep,2006,29(2):161-168.
[9]刘娜,王巍.阅读台灯色温对于视觉功效的影响研究[J].照明工程学报,2011,22(5):79-81.LIU Na,WANG Wei. Study ofreading table lamp color temperature influence to visual performance[J]. China Illuminating Engineering Journal,2011,22(5):79-81.
[10]杨勇.公路隧道照明光源对疲劳度的影响[J].照明工程学报,2015,26(6):76-79.YANG Yong. Effectof highway tunnel illumination light source on fatigue[J]. China Illuminating Engineering Journal,2015,26(6):76-79.
[11]王媛媛,蔡建奇,黄帅,等.不同色温发光二极管面板灯对人眼视觉质量的影响[J].中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志,2016,18(9):517-520.WANG Yuanyuan,CAI Jianqi,HUANG Shuai,et al. The impact of light-emitting diode panel lamp with different color tenperature on human visual quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual Science,2016,18(9):517-520.
[12]谈东波,王冰,朱胜萱.浅谈工程中照度计算的近似算法[J].电气应用,2005,24(8):46-48.TAN Dongbo,WANG Bing,ZHU Shengxuan. On the approximate algorithm of illumination calculation in engineering[J]. Electrotechnical Application,2005,24(8):46-48.
[13] AKERSTEDT T,GILLBERG M. Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual[J]. International Journal of Neuroscience,1990,52(1-2):29-37.
[14]邓丽影,付晓,谢亮.睡眠觉醒模式自评问卷MEQ量表介绍[J].临床荟萃,2016,31(12):1381-1383.DENG Liying,FU Xiao,XIE Liang. Introduction to the sleep awakening mode self-assessment questionnaire MEQ scale[J]. Clinical Focus,2016,31(12):1381-1383.
[15]王書茂.闪光融合频率在紧张作业工人中的初步应用[J].心理学报,1965,9(4):307-313.WANG Shumao. Critical flicker frequency as an indicator of fatigue in railway workers[J]. Acta Psychlogica Sinica,1965,9(4):307-313.
[16] PORTIN C,FOLKARD S,TORBJORN A. Predictions from the three-process model of alertness[J]. Aviation,Space,and Environmental Medicine,2004,75(3):75-83.