基于多物理场耦合的高压电抗器温度场仿真与分析
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摘要
为研究干式空心电抗器整体及包封内部各层绕组温度分布特性,根据电磁热流多物理场耦合方法,建立了干式空心电抗器电磁-流体-温度三维温升计算模型。首先,基于场-路耦合的电磁学理论,采用有限元法求取电抗器各层电流,计算各层绕组损耗。然后,基于流体-温度耦合的传热理论,以各层绕组损耗为热源,采用有限体积法求解电抗器温度分布。最后,采用稳态热学分析法验证了结果的准确性。研究结果表明:电抗器温度分布呈现上区域大于下区域、中间包封大于两侧包封的变化趋势,各层绕组温升热点位于电抗器轴向高度约85%到90%。研究结果为电抗器结构优化、温度的在线监测提供了理论依据。
In order to study the temperature distribution characteristics of the whole and inner layer winding of dry-type air-core reactor, a three dimensional temperature rise calculation model of electromagnetic-fluid-temperature of dry-type air-core reactor is established based on the multi physical field coupling method of electromagnetic heat flux. First of all, based on the electromagnetism theory of field-circuit coupling, current of each layer of the reactor was calculated by finite element method and the winding loss of each layer is calculated. Then, based on the heat transfer theory of fluid-temperature coupling, taking the winding loss of each layer as the heat source, the finite volume method is used to solve the reactor temperature distribution. Finally, the accuracy of the results is verified by the steady-state thermal analysis method. The results show that the temperature distribution of the reactor shows the trend that the upper region is larger than the lower one and the middle enclosure is larger than the two sides. The hot spot temperature rise of each layer is about 85%～90% of the reactor axial height. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the reactor structure and the on-line monitoring of the temperature.
In order to study the temperature distribution characteristics of the whole and inner layer winding of dry-type air-core reactor, a three dimensional temperature rise calculation model of electromagnetic-fluid-temperature of dry-type air-core reactor is established based on the multi physical field coupling method of electromagnetic heat flux. First of all, based on the electromagnetism theory of field-circuit coupling, current of each layer of the reactor was calculated by finite element method and the winding loss of each layer is calculated. Then, based on the heat transfer theory of fluid-temperature coupling, taking the winding loss of each layer as the heat source, the finite volume method is used to solve the reactor temperature distribution. Finally, the accuracy of the results is verified by the steady-state thermal analysis method. The results show that the temperature distribution of the reactor shows the trend that the upper region is larger than the lower one and the middle enclosure is larger than the two sides. The hot spot temperature rise of each layer is about 85%～90% of the reactor axial height. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the reactor structure and the on-line monitoring of the temperature.
引文
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[20]PREIS K,STOGNER H,RICHTER K.Calculation of eddy current losses in air coils by finite element method[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1982,18(6):1064-1066.
[21]刘志刚,耿英三,王建华,等.基于流场-温度场耦合计算的新型空心电抗器设计与分析[[J].电工技术学报,2003,18(6):59-63.LIU Zhigang,GENG Yingsan,WANG Jianhua,et al.Design and analysis of new type air-core reactor based on coupled fluid thermal field calculation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2003,18(6):59-63.
[22]DENG Qiu,LI Zhenbiao,YIN Xiaogen,et al.Steady thermal field simulation of forced air-cooled column-type air-core reactor[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(4):839-844.
[23]温才权,赵世林,周凯,等.大型空心电抗器对直流系统影响的测试与仿真[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(20):52-57.WEN Caiquan,ZHAO Shilin,ZHOU Kai,et al.Measurement and simulation for the impact on DCsystem in large-scale air-core reactors[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(20):52-57.
[24]刘仁,赵国生,王欢,等.三相磁阀式可控电抗器的特性仿真分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(7):110-114.LIU Ren,ZHAO Guosheng,WANG Huan,et al.Characteristic simulation analysis of three-phase magnetic valve type controlled reactor[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(7):110-114.
[25]WU Yahui,DONG Xinzhou,MIRSAEIDI S.Modeling and simulation of air-gapped current transformer based on Preisach Theory[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(1):111-121.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0046-0.
[2]徐基泰.电抗器品种及其发展[J].变压器,2000,37(1):17-21.XU Jitai.Variety and development of reactor[J].Transformer,2000,37(1):17-21.
[3]陈庆国,邱毓昌,魏新劳.用脉冲电压谐振法检测空心电抗器匝间绝缘缺陷[J].电工技术学报,1999,14(6):55-58.CHEN Qingguo,QIU Yuchang,WEI Xinlao.Pulse voltage resonance method for detecting turn-to-turn insulation defects in air-core reactor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,1999,14(6):55-58.
[4]张静伟.500 kV并联电抗器中性点小电抗极性测试方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(20):241-243.ZHANG Jingwei.A new method to check the polarity of neutral reactor for 500 kV shunt-reactor[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(20):241-243.
[5]杜建华,范玉辉.干式空芯电抗器在铁路供电系统中的应用[J].电力自动化设备,1999,19(1):49-49.DU Jianhua,FAN Yuhui.Application of dry-type air-core reactor in railway power supply system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,1999,19(1):49-49.
[6]徐基泰.40年来电抗器技术的发展[J].变压器,2004,41(3):45-50.XU Jitai.Development of reactor technology in recent 40years[J].Transformer,2004,41(3):45-50.
[7]周明,曹炜,陈文涛,等.串联电抗器对电力系统短路电流特性影响的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(11):147-153.ZHOU Ming,CAO Wei,CHEN Wentao,et a1.Study on influence of series reactor on power system short-circuit current characteristics[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(11):147-153.
[8]刘海莹,魏宾.干式空心电抗器的运行分析及故障处理[J].高压电器,2004,40(3):239-240.LIU Haiying,WEI Bin.Operation and maintenance of dry air-core reactor[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2004,40(3):239-240.
[9]夏长根.一起35 kV干式并联空心电抗器故障分析[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2009,30(5):43-45.XIA Changgen.Analysis of fault of a 35 k V dry-type air-core shunt reactor[J].Power Capacitor&Reactive Power Compensation,2009,30(5):43-45.
[10]林瑞聪,缪希仁,郭谋发,等.电抗器潜伏性故障特征及其耦合量分析综述[J].高压电器,2015,51(1):150-155.LIN Ruicong,MIAO Xiren,GUO Moufa,et a1.Analysis and review on reactor latent fault characteristics and its coupling parameter[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(1):150-155.
[11]姜志鹏,文习山,王羽,等.特高压干式空心平波电抗器温度场耦合计算与试验[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(20):5344-5350.JIANG Zhipeng,WEN Xishan,WANG Yu,et al.Test and coupling calculation of temperature field for UHVdry-type air-core smoothing reactor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(20):5344-5350.
[12]赵海翔.干式空心电抗器平均温升的拟合计算法[[J].变压器,1999,36(12):7-9.ZHAO Haixiang.Fitting algorithm of mean temperature rise of dry-type air-core reactor[J].Transformer,1999,36(12):7-9.
[13]叶占刚.干式空心电抗器的温升试验与绕组温升的计算[J].变压器,1999,36(9):6-12.YE Zhangang.Temperature rise test of dry-type air-core reactor and calculation of its winding temperature rise[J].Transformer,1999,36(9):6-12.
[14]安利强,王璋奇,唐贵基.干式电抗器三维温度场有限元分析与温升实验[J].华北电力大学学报,2002,29(3):75-78.AN Liqiang,WANG Zhangqi,TANG Guiji.3D-temperature field prediction by FEM and temperature-rise test for dry-type reactor[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University,2002,29(3):75-78.
[15]姜志鹏,周辉,宋俊燕,等.干式空心电抗器温度场计算与试验分析[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(3):218-224.JIANG Zhipeng,ZHOU Hui,SONG Junyan,et a1.Temperature field calculation and experimental analysis of dry-type air-core reactor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(3):218-224.
[16]陈嵘,杨松伟,程泳,等.干式空心并联电抗器电磁-流体-温度场耦合计算与分析[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):3021-3028.CHEN Rong,YANG Songwei,CHENG Yong,et al.Electromagnetic-fluid-temperature coupling calculation and analysis of dry-type air-core shunt reactor[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):3021-3028.
[17]有晓宇,穆海宝,董勤晓,等.基于Fluent的35 kV干式空心电抗器温度场仿真分析[J].高压电器,2017,53(8):147-152.YOU Xiaoyu,MU Haibao,DONG Qinxiao,et al.Simulation analysis on temperature field of 35 k Vdry-type air-core reactor based on fluent[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(8):147-152.
[18]刘志刚,王建华,耿英三,等.基于耦合方法的干式空心阻尼电抗器温度场计算[J].西安交通大学学报,2003,37(6):622-625.LIU Zhigang,WANG Jianhua,GENG Yingsan,et al.Calculation of temperature field of dry-type air-core damping reactor based on coupled method[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2003,37(6):622-625.
[19]杜华珠,文习山,鲁海亮,等.35 kV三相空心电抗器组的磁场分布[J].高电压技术,2012,38(11):2858-2862.DU Huazhu,WEN Xishan,LU Hailiang,et al.Magnetic field distribution around 35 k V three-phase air-core reactors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(11):2858-2862.
[20]PREIS K,STOGNER H,RICHTER K.Calculation of eddy current losses in air coils by finite element method[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1982,18(6):1064-1066.
[21]刘志刚,耿英三,王建华,等.基于流场-温度场耦合计算的新型空心电抗器设计与分析[[J].电工技术学报,2003,18(6):59-63.LIU Zhigang,GENG Yingsan,WANG Jianhua,et al.Design and analysis of new type air-core reactor based on coupled fluid thermal field calculation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2003,18(6):59-63.
[22]DENG Qiu,LI Zhenbiao,YIN Xiaogen,et al.Steady thermal field simulation of forced air-cooled column-type air-core reactor[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(4):839-844.
[23]温才权,赵世林,周凯,等.大型空心电抗器对直流系统影响的测试与仿真[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(20):52-57.WEN Caiquan,ZHAO Shilin,ZHOU Kai,et al.Measurement and simulation for the impact on DCsystem in large-scale air-core reactors[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(20):52-57.
[24]刘仁,赵国生,王欢,等.三相磁阀式可控电抗器的特性仿真分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(7):110-114.LIU Ren,ZHAO Guosheng,WANG Huan,et al.Characteristic simulation analysis of three-phase magnetic valve type controlled reactor[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(7):110-114.
[25]WU Yahui,DONG Xinzhou,MIRSAEIDI S.Modeling and simulation of air-gapped current transformer based on Preisach Theory[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2017,2(1):111-121.DOI:10.1186/s41601-017-0046-0.