2016年某重大活动期间杭州市PM_(2.5)组分及来源变化研究
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摘要
为评估杭州市某重大活动期间管控措施在改善空气质量方面的有效性,利用单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪分析了杭州市2016年该重大活动期间和2015年同期PM_(2.5)的组成及来源。结果表明:相比2015年同期,2016年监测期间PM_(2.5)中元素碳占比明显降低。从源解析结果上看,受管控措施影响,2016年燃煤、扬尘的贡献率明显降低。相对于管控解除期间,实施管控措施后,各污染源贡献的电离颗粒数均有明显降低。以上结果表明本次管控措施成效显著。
PM_(2.5) over Hangzhou City were measured by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer( SPAMS) during an important event in 2016 and the corresponding period in 2015,the chemical characteristics and sources of PM_(2.5) were analyzed to evaluate the effects of pollution control measures on the air quality over Hangzhou. The results showed that compared to 2015,the proportion of particles with elemental carbon( EC) significantly decreased in 2016. As for the source apportionment results,benefiting from the control measures,contribution rates of coal combustion and dust dropped obviously in 2016.Analysis of samples from different controlling stages showed that compared with un-controlled period,ionized particles decreased dramatically after control. The above results indicated a great success of the control strategy for air pollution.
PM_(2.5) over Hangzhou City were measured by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer( SPAMS) during an important event in 2016 and the corresponding period in 2015,the chemical characteristics and sources of PM_(2.5) were analyzed to evaluate the effects of pollution control measures on the air quality over Hangzhou. The results showed that compared to 2015,the proportion of particles with elemental carbon( EC) significantly decreased in 2016. As for the source apportionment results,benefiting from the control measures,contribution rates of coal combustion and dust dropped obviously in 2016.Analysis of samples from different controlling stages showed that compared with un-controlled period,ionized particles decreased dramatically after control. The above results indicated a great success of the control strategy for air pollution.
引文
[1]王琼,毕晓辉,张裕芬,等.杭州市大气颗粒物消光组分的粒径分布特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(1):10-16.
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[7]刘浪,张文杰,杜世勇,等.利用SPAMS分析北京市硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐季节变化特征及潜在源区分布[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1609-1618.
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[19]张莉,李梅,李磊,等.基于单颗粒质谱信息气溶胶分类方法的研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(3):190-195.
[20]付怀于,闫才青,郑玫,等.在线单颗粒气溶胶质谱SPAMS对细颗粒物中主要组分提取方法的研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4070-4077.
[21]纪颖,范惠洁,王秋芳,等.颗粒物浓度与气象因素[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(6):554-555.
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[23]李军,孙春宝,刘咸德,等.气象因素对北京市大气颗粒物浓度影响的非参数分析[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(6):663-669.
[24]郝吉明,吕子峰,楚碧武,等.大气二次有机气溶胶污染特征及模拟研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:1-2.
[25]岳建华,陶俊,林泽健,等.成都春季生物质燃烧和沙尘期间气溶胶散射特征及其重建[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2151-2157.
[26]古金霞,白志鹏,刘爱霞,等.天津冬季PM2.5与PM10中有机碳、元素碳的污染特征[J].环境污染与防治,2009,31(8):33-36.
[27]吴也正.单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪在苏州市污染过程分析中的应用[J].绿色科技,2016(2):84-87.
[28]BRANKOV E,RAO S T,PORTER P S.A trajectory-clusteringcorrelation methodology for examining the long-range transport of air pollutants[J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(9):1525-1534.
[2]包贞,冯银厂,焦荔,等.杭州市PM2.5和PM10污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境监测,2010,26(2).
[3]胡诗玮,吴小芳,罗坤,等.基于区域多尺度空气质量模型的杭州市大气污染的来源解析[J].能源工程,2015(5).
[4]沈建东,焦荔,徐昶,等.杭州市大气细颗粒物分粒径来源解析[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(3).
[5]吴琳,沈建东,冯银厂,等.杭州市灰霾与非灰霾日不同粒径大气颗粒物来源解析[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(4).
[6]潘海燕.利用SPAMS研究淮安市冬季灰霾空气污染[J].环境工程,2015,33(增刊1):450-453.
[7]刘浪,张文杰,杜世勇,等.利用SPAMS分析北京市硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐季节变化特征及潜在源区分布[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1609-1618.
[8]LIU L,WANG Y L,DU S Y,et al.Characteristics of atmospheric single particles during haze periods in a typical urban area of Beijing:a case study in October,2014[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,40:145-153.
[9]牟莹莹,楼晟荣,陈长虹,等.利用SPAMS研究上海秋季气溶胶污染过程中颗粒物的老化与混合状态[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2071-2080.
[10]何俊杰,张国华,王伯光,等.鹤山灰霾期间大气单颗粒气溶胶特征的初步研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(8).
[11]张贺伟,成春雷,陶明辉,等.华北平原灰霾天气下大气气溶胶的单颗粒分析[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(1):1-9.
[12]周静博,任毅斌,洪纲,等.利用SPAMS研究石家庄市冬季连续灰霾天气的污染特征及成因[J].环境科学,2015,36(11).
[13]王亚林,易睿,谢继征,等.扬州市大气PM2.5来源解析研究[J].污染防治技术,2016,29(6):22-28.
[14]LI L,HUANG Z X,DONG J G,et al.Real time biopolar time-offlight mass spectrometry for analyzing single aerosol particles[J].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2011,303(2):118-124.
[15]GONG X D,ZHANG C,CHEN H,et al.Size distribution and mixing state of black carbon particles during a heavy air pollution episode in Shanghai[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,16(8):5399-5411.
[16]FU H Y,ZHENG M,YAN C Q,et al.Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2015,29:62-70.
[17]陈多宏,何俊杰,张国华,等.不同气团对广东鹤山大气超级监测站单颗粒气溶胶理化特征的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(1):63-69.
[18]陈多宏,李梅,黄渤,等.区域大气细粒子污染特征及快速来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):651-659.
[19]张莉,李梅,李磊,等.基于单颗粒质谱信息气溶胶分类方法的研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(3):190-195.
[20]付怀于,闫才青,郑玫,等.在线单颗粒气溶胶质谱SPAMS对细颗粒物中主要组分提取方法的研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(11):4070-4077.
[21]纪颖,范惠洁,王秋芳,等.颗粒物浓度与气象因素[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(6):554-555.
[22]张鹏,宁红兵,陈媛媛,等.北京市颗粒物污染及其与气象因素的关系[J].广东化工,2016,43(7):121-123.
[23]李军,孙春宝,刘咸德,等.气象因素对北京市大气颗粒物浓度影响的非参数分析[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(6):663-669.
[24]郝吉明,吕子峰,楚碧武,等.大气二次有机气溶胶污染特征及模拟研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:1-2.
[25]岳建华,陶俊,林泽健,等.成都春季生物质燃烧和沙尘期间气溶胶散射特征及其重建[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2151-2157.
[26]古金霞,白志鹏,刘爱霞,等.天津冬季PM2.5与PM10中有机碳、元素碳的污染特征[J].环境污染与防治,2009,31(8):33-36.
[27]吴也正.单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪在苏州市污染过程分析中的应用[J].绿色科技,2016(2):84-87.
[28]BRANKOV E,RAO S T,PORTER P S.A trajectory-clusteringcorrelation methodology for examining the long-range transport of air pollutants[J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(9):1525-1534.