生物炭对烤烟根际土壤微生物群落碳代谢的影响
|
摘要
为探究不同施用量的生物炭对烤烟根际土壤微生物群落碳代谢的影响,并明确适宜的生物炭用量。以云烟87为试验材料,设置了不施用生物炭的对照组(CK)和生物炭用量分别为3 000 kg/hm~2(T1)、3 750kg/hm~2(T2)与4 500 kg/hm~2(T3)的处理组,于烤烟旺长期采集土壤样品,运用Biolog-ECO微孔板技术分析烤烟根际土壤微生物群落的功能多样性。结果表明:施用生物炭能提高土壤微生物AWCD值与微生物多样性各项指数,能显著提高羧酸类和聚合物类碳源的利用能力,且T2处理在这两类碳源利用能力上较CK处理分别显著提高24.82%和70.71%。主成分分析表明,碳水化合物类、羧酸类和氨基酸类碳源是造成各处理土壤微生物碳代谢特征存在较大差异的相关碳源。综合来看,T2处理土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力最强,最适宜的生物炭施用量为3 750 kg/hm~2。
To explore the influence of different biochar dosages on the carbon metabolism of rhizospheric soil microorganism community of flue-cured tobacco,and clarify the appropriate biochar dosage,this study took Yunyan87 as experimental material and established a contrast group( CK) with no application of biochar and 3 treatments with biochar doses as 3 000 kg/hm~2( T1),3 750 kg/hm~2( T2),and 4 500 kg/hm~2( T3),respectively. The soil samples were collected during the fast growing period of flue-cured tobacco, and the functional diversity of rhizospheric soil microorganism community of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed by Biolog-ECO microplate technology.The results showed that: The biochar application could increase the AWCD value and various biodiversity indexes of soil microorganism,and significantly increase the utilization of carboxylic acids and polymer carbon source. T2 utilization of these 2 carbon resource categories were increased than that of the CK by 24. 82% and 70. 71%,respectively. The analysis of principal components indicated that carbohydrates,carboxylic acids and amino acids were the relevant carbon resources causing more differences in carbon metabolism features of soil microorganism. In conclusion,T2 showed the best capability in utilizing carbon resources,and the optimum biochar dosage was 3 750 kg/hm~2.
To explore the influence of different biochar dosages on the carbon metabolism of rhizospheric soil microorganism community of flue-cured tobacco,and clarify the appropriate biochar dosage,this study took Yunyan87 as experimental material and established a contrast group( CK) with no application of biochar and 3 treatments with biochar doses as 3 000 kg/hm~2( T1),3 750 kg/hm~2( T2),and 4 500 kg/hm~2( T3),respectively. The soil samples were collected during the fast growing period of flue-cured tobacco, and the functional diversity of rhizospheric soil microorganism community of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed by Biolog-ECO microplate technology.The results showed that: The biochar application could increase the AWCD value and various biodiversity indexes of soil microorganism,and significantly increase the utilization of carboxylic acids and polymer carbon source. T2 utilization of these 2 carbon resource categories were increased than that of the CK by 24. 82% and 70. 71%,respectively. The analysis of principal components indicated that carbohydrates,carboxylic acids and amino acids were the relevant carbon resources causing more differences in carbon metabolism features of soil microorganism. In conclusion,T2 showed the best capability in utilizing carbon resources,and the optimum biochar dosage was 3 750 kg/hm~2.
引文
[1]高洪智,卢启鹏.土壤主要养分近红外光谱分析及其测量系统[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2011,31(5):1245-1249.Gao H Z,Lu Q P.Near infrared spectral analysis and measuring system for primary nutrient of soil[J].Spectroscopy Spectral Anal.,2011,31(5):1245-1249.
[2]黎娟,邓小华,王建波,等.喀斯特地区植烟土壤有效硼含量分布及其影响因素——以湘西州烟区为例[J].土壤,2013,45(6):1055-1061.Li J,Deng X H,Wang J B,et al..Distribution of available boron contents of Tobacco-growing soil and its influencing factors in Karst Region——A case of Tobacco-growing areas in Xiangxi[J].Soils,2013,45(6):1055-1061.
[3]薄国栋,申国明,张继光,等.秸秆还田对植烟土壤养分及真菌群落多样性的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):137-142.Bo G D,Shen G M,Zhang J G,et al..Effects of straw returning on soil nutrients and fungal diversity in tobacco planting field[J].Chin.J.Soil Sci.,2016,47(1):137-142.
[4]孔令如.转EPSPS基因抗除草剂大豆根际土壤固氮菌群的生态响应[D].南京:南京大学,硕士学位论文,2014.Kong L R.Ecological response of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in rhizosphere soil of herbicide-EPSPs transgenic soybean[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,Master Dissertation,2014.
[5]王卫霞,罗达,史作民,等.岷江干旱河谷造林对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):890-898.Wang W X,Luo D,Shi Z M,et al..Effects of afforestation on soil microbial community structure in the arid valley of Minjiang river[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2014,34(4):890-898.
[6]王菊花.微生物对土壤腐殖质形成及结构的影响研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,硕士学位论文,2007.Wang J H.Effects of microorganisms on the formation and structure of soil humus[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2007.
[7]张又弛,李会丹.生物炭对土壤中微生物群落结构及其生物地球化学功能的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015(5):898-905.Zhang Y C,Li H D.Influence of biochar on the community structure and biogeochemical functions of microorganisms in soils[J].Ecol.Environ.Sci.,2015(5):898-905.
[8]李伟,韦晶晶,刘爱民,等.吊兰生长对锌污染土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):276-281.Li W,Wei J J,Liu A M,et al..Effects of Chlorophytum comosum growth on microbial biomass and soil enzymatic activities in zinc-polluted soil[J].J.Soil Water Conserv.,2013,27(2):276-281.
[9]韦革宏,马占强.根瘤菌-豆科植物共生体系在重金属污染环境修复中的地位、应用及潜力[J].微生物学报,2010,50(11):1421-1430.Wei G H,Ma Z Q.Application of rhizobia-legume symbiosis for remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils[J].Acta Microbiol.Sin.,2010,50(11):1421-1430.
[10]何绪生,耿增超,余雕,等.生物炭生产与农用的意义及国内外动态[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):1-7.He X S,Geng Z C,Yu D,et al..Implications of production and agricultural utilization of biochar and its international dynamic[J].Trans.Chin.Soc.Agric.Engin.,2011,27(2):1-7.
[11]Van Zwieten L,Kimber S,Morris S,et al..Efects of bio-char from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic per-form ance and soil fertility[J].Plant Soil,2010,327:235-246.
[12]王丽渊,丁松爽,刘国顺.生物质炭土壤改良效应研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(3):1-6.Wang L Y,Ding S S,Liu G S.Prowess of the research on biochars'influence on soil reclaimarion[J].Soils Fertil.Sci.China,2014(3):1-6.
[13]夏品华,寇永珍,喻理飞.喀斯特高原退化湿地草海土壤微生物群落碳源代谢活性研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(8):2549-2555.Xia P H,Kou Y Z,Yu L F.Carbon metabolic soil microbial community in Caohai Karst Plateau degraded wetland:A case study in southwest China[J].Acta Sci.Circum.,2015,35(8):2549-2555.
[14]岳冰冰,李鑫,任芳菲,等.石油污染地土壤微生物群落的碳源利用特性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3259-3264.Yue B B,Li X,Ren F F,et al..Carbon source utilization characteristics of microbial communities in a petroleumcontaminated soil in Daqing oil field,Northeast China[J].Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2011,22(12):3259-3264.
[15]张秀,夏运生,尚艺婕,等.生物质炭对镉污染土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):252-262.Zhang X,Xia Y S,Shang Y J,et al..Effects of biochar(BC)on microbial diversity of cadmium(Cd)contaminated soil[J].China Environ.Sci.,2017,37(1):252-262.
[16]武爱莲,丁玉川,焦晓燕,等.玉米秸秆生物炭对褐土微生物功能多样性及细菌群落的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(06):736-743.Wu A L,Ding Y C,Jiao X Y,et al..Effect of corn-stalk biochar on soil microbial functional diversity and bacterial community in cinnamon soils[J].Chin.J.Eco-Agric.,2016,24(06):736-743.
[17]刘卉,周清明,黎娟,等.生物炭施用量对土壤改良及烤烟生长的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(7):1411-1419.Liu H,Zhou Q M,Li J,et al..Effect of biochar application amount on the soil improvement and the growth of flue-cured tobacco[J].J.Nucl.Agric.Sci.,2016,30(7):1411-1419.
[18]刘卉,周清明,黎娟,等.生物炭对植烟土壤养分的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(3):150-155.Liu H,Zhou Q M,Li J,et al..Effect of biochar on the nutrients of planting tobacco soil[J].J.Agric.Sci.Technol.,2016,18(3):150-155.
[19]席劲瑛,胡洪营,钱易.Biolog方法在环境微生物群落研究中的应用[J].微生物学报,2003,43(1):138-141.Xi J Y,Hu H Y,Qian Y.Application of Biolog system in the study of microbial community[J].Acta Microbiol.Sin.,2003,43(1):138-141.
[20]Garland J L.Analysis and interpretation of community-level physiological profiles in microbial ecology[J].FEMS Microbiol.Ecol.,1997,24(4):289-300.
[21]陈伟,周波,束怀瑞.生物炭和有机肥处理对平邑甜茶根系和土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(18):3850-3856.Chen W,Zhou B,Shu H R.Effects of organic fertilizer and biochar on root system and microbial functional diversity of Malus hupehensis Rehd[J].Sci.Agric.Sin.,2013,46(18):3850-3856.
[22]彭文龙.生物质炭表面物质对微生物的影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,硕士学位论文,2014.Peng W L.Study on the influence of biomass carbon surface on microorganism[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,Master Dissertation,2014.
[23]许文欢.生物炭对杨树人工林土壤微生物量及碳源代谢多样性的影响[D].南京:南京林业大学,硕士学位论文,2016.Xu W H.Effects of biochar on soil microbial biomass and carbon source metabolic diversity in poplar plantation[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,Master Dissertation,2016.
[24]赵兰凤,张新明,程根,等.生物炭对菜园土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4754-4762.Zhao L F,Zhang X M,Cheng G,et al..Effects of biochar on microbial functional diversity of vegetable garden soil[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2017,37(14):4754-4762.
[25]周凤,许晨阳,金永亮,等.生物炭对土壤微生物C源代谢活性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4202-4211.Zhou F,Xu C Y,Jin Y L,et al..Effect of biochar on metabolic activity of soil microbial carbon[J].China Environ.Sci.,2017,37(11):4202-4211.
[26]李航,董涛,王明元.生物炭对香蕉苗根际土壤微生物群落与代谢活性的影响[J].微生物学杂志,2016,36(1):42-48.Li H,Dong T,Wang M Y.Effects of biochar on microbial communities and metabolic activity in rhizospheric soil of banana seedlings[J].J.Microbiol.,2016,36(1):42-48.
[2]黎娟,邓小华,王建波,等.喀斯特地区植烟土壤有效硼含量分布及其影响因素——以湘西州烟区为例[J].土壤,2013,45(6):1055-1061.Li J,Deng X H,Wang J B,et al..Distribution of available boron contents of Tobacco-growing soil and its influencing factors in Karst Region——A case of Tobacco-growing areas in Xiangxi[J].Soils,2013,45(6):1055-1061.
[3]薄国栋,申国明,张继光,等.秸秆还田对植烟土壤养分及真菌群落多样性的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):137-142.Bo G D,Shen G M,Zhang J G,et al..Effects of straw returning on soil nutrients and fungal diversity in tobacco planting field[J].Chin.J.Soil Sci.,2016,47(1):137-142.
[4]孔令如.转EPSPS基因抗除草剂大豆根际土壤固氮菌群的生态响应[D].南京:南京大学,硕士学位论文,2014.Kong L R.Ecological response of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in rhizosphere soil of herbicide-EPSPs transgenic soybean[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,Master Dissertation,2014.
[5]王卫霞,罗达,史作民,等.岷江干旱河谷造林对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(4):890-898.Wang W X,Luo D,Shi Z M,et al..Effects of afforestation on soil microbial community structure in the arid valley of Minjiang river[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2014,34(4):890-898.
[6]王菊花.微生物对土壤腐殖质形成及结构的影响研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,硕士学位论文,2007.Wang J H.Effects of microorganisms on the formation and structure of soil humus[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,Master Dissertation,2007.
[7]张又弛,李会丹.生物炭对土壤中微生物群落结构及其生物地球化学功能的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015(5):898-905.Zhang Y C,Li H D.Influence of biochar on the community structure and biogeochemical functions of microorganisms in soils[J].Ecol.Environ.Sci.,2015(5):898-905.
[8]李伟,韦晶晶,刘爱民,等.吊兰生长对锌污染土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):276-281.Li W,Wei J J,Liu A M,et al..Effects of Chlorophytum comosum growth on microbial biomass and soil enzymatic activities in zinc-polluted soil[J].J.Soil Water Conserv.,2013,27(2):276-281.
[9]韦革宏,马占强.根瘤菌-豆科植物共生体系在重金属污染环境修复中的地位、应用及潜力[J].微生物学报,2010,50(11):1421-1430.Wei G H,Ma Z Q.Application of rhizobia-legume symbiosis for remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils[J].Acta Microbiol.Sin.,2010,50(11):1421-1430.
[10]何绪生,耿增超,余雕,等.生物炭生产与农用的意义及国内外动态[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):1-7.He X S,Geng Z C,Yu D,et al..Implications of production and agricultural utilization of biochar and its international dynamic[J].Trans.Chin.Soc.Agric.Engin.,2011,27(2):1-7.
[11]Van Zwieten L,Kimber S,Morris S,et al..Efects of bio-char from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic per-form ance and soil fertility[J].Plant Soil,2010,327:235-246.
[12]王丽渊,丁松爽,刘国顺.生物质炭土壤改良效应研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(3):1-6.Wang L Y,Ding S S,Liu G S.Prowess of the research on biochars'influence on soil reclaimarion[J].Soils Fertil.Sci.China,2014(3):1-6.
[13]夏品华,寇永珍,喻理飞.喀斯特高原退化湿地草海土壤微生物群落碳源代谢活性研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(8):2549-2555.Xia P H,Kou Y Z,Yu L F.Carbon metabolic soil microbial community in Caohai Karst Plateau degraded wetland:A case study in southwest China[J].Acta Sci.Circum.,2015,35(8):2549-2555.
[14]岳冰冰,李鑫,任芳菲,等.石油污染地土壤微生物群落的碳源利用特性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3259-3264.Yue B B,Li X,Ren F F,et al..Carbon source utilization characteristics of microbial communities in a petroleumcontaminated soil in Daqing oil field,Northeast China[J].Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2011,22(12):3259-3264.
[15]张秀,夏运生,尚艺婕,等.生物质炭对镉污染土壤微生物多样性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):252-262.Zhang X,Xia Y S,Shang Y J,et al..Effects of biochar(BC)on microbial diversity of cadmium(Cd)contaminated soil[J].China Environ.Sci.,2017,37(1):252-262.
[16]武爱莲,丁玉川,焦晓燕,等.玉米秸秆生物炭对褐土微生物功能多样性及细菌群落的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(06):736-743.Wu A L,Ding Y C,Jiao X Y,et al..Effect of corn-stalk biochar on soil microbial functional diversity and bacterial community in cinnamon soils[J].Chin.J.Eco-Agric.,2016,24(06):736-743.
[17]刘卉,周清明,黎娟,等.生物炭施用量对土壤改良及烤烟生长的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(7):1411-1419.Liu H,Zhou Q M,Li J,et al..Effect of biochar application amount on the soil improvement and the growth of flue-cured tobacco[J].J.Nucl.Agric.Sci.,2016,30(7):1411-1419.
[18]刘卉,周清明,黎娟,等.生物炭对植烟土壤养分的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(3):150-155.Liu H,Zhou Q M,Li J,et al..Effect of biochar on the nutrients of planting tobacco soil[J].J.Agric.Sci.Technol.,2016,18(3):150-155.
[19]席劲瑛,胡洪营,钱易.Biolog方法在环境微生物群落研究中的应用[J].微生物学报,2003,43(1):138-141.Xi J Y,Hu H Y,Qian Y.Application of Biolog system in the study of microbial community[J].Acta Microbiol.Sin.,2003,43(1):138-141.
[20]Garland J L.Analysis and interpretation of community-level physiological profiles in microbial ecology[J].FEMS Microbiol.Ecol.,1997,24(4):289-300.
[21]陈伟,周波,束怀瑞.生物炭和有机肥处理对平邑甜茶根系和土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(18):3850-3856.Chen W,Zhou B,Shu H R.Effects of organic fertilizer and biochar on root system and microbial functional diversity of Malus hupehensis Rehd[J].Sci.Agric.Sin.,2013,46(18):3850-3856.
[22]彭文龙.生物质炭表面物质对微生物的影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,硕士学位论文,2014.Peng W L.Study on the influence of biomass carbon surface on microorganism[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,Master Dissertation,2014.
[23]许文欢.生物炭对杨树人工林土壤微生物量及碳源代谢多样性的影响[D].南京:南京林业大学,硕士学位论文,2016.Xu W H.Effects of biochar on soil microbial biomass and carbon source metabolic diversity in poplar plantation[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,Master Dissertation,2016.
[24]赵兰凤,张新明,程根,等.生物炭对菜园土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4754-4762.Zhao L F,Zhang X M,Cheng G,et al..Effects of biochar on microbial functional diversity of vegetable garden soil[J].Acta Ecol.Sin.,2017,37(14):4754-4762.
[25]周凤,许晨阳,金永亮,等.生物炭对土壤微生物C源代谢活性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(11):4202-4211.Zhou F,Xu C Y,Jin Y L,et al..Effect of biochar on metabolic activity of soil microbial carbon[J].China Environ.Sci.,2017,37(11):4202-4211.
[26]李航,董涛,王明元.生物炭对香蕉苗根际土壤微生物群落与代谢活性的影响[J].微生物学杂志,2016,36(1):42-48.Li H,Dong T,Wang M Y.Effects of biochar on microbial communities and metabolic activity in rhizospheric soil of banana seedlings[J].J.Microbiol.,2016,36(1):42-48.