北运河沙河水库沉积物营养盐分布特征及其溯源分析
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摘要
通过采集沙河水库表层(0～20 cm)沉积物样品,分析了沉积物中氮、磷、有机质的分布特征,并结合排污口附近和水库典型区域沉积物中有机质(Organic Matter, OM)和溶解性有机物(Dissolved Organic Matter, DOM)的荧光光谱特征、分子量分布特征(Molecular Weight Distribution, MWD),研究了点源污染对沙河水库沉积物营养盐分布的潜在影响.结果表明,表层沉积物间隙水中氨氮(NH~+_4-N)、磷酸盐(PO■-P)平均浓度及沉积物中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的平均含量依次为(52.13±40.32)、(1.75±1.88) mg·L~(-1)与(2853.81±1501.93)、(1496.00±454.06) mg·kg~(-1).库区沉积物中TN、TP含量由库上游((1898.00±1047.54)、(1264.00±104.61) mg·kg~(-1))经库心区((2996.67±1405.13)、(1340.00±332.47) mg·kg~(-1))至库下游((4500.00±920.00)、(1750.00±10.00) mg·kg~(-1))依次增高.沉积物C/N比分析表明,点源污染区与库区沉积物中有机质来源于陆源与自生生物源的混合源.而三维荧光光谱和分子量分布的分析表明,点源污染区与库区沉积物中DOM的组成特性具有一致性,且主要来源于自生生物源.Pearson相关性分析表明,沉积物中营养盐(TN、TP)与有机质具有显著相关关系(p<0.01).这些结果清楚地表明,点源污染区沉积物中高的营养盐、有机质含量是库区污染物累积的潜在重要来源.
This study carried out investigating distribution of nutrients and organic matters, as well as the source analysis in the surface sediments(0～20 cm) of Shahe reservoir. Through characterizing 3 D-EEM and molecular weight of organic matter(OM) and dissolved organic matter(DOM) in the sediment, the potential effect of point source pollution on the nutrients distribution was discussed in this study. Results showed that the average concentrations of ammonia(NH~+_4-N) and orthophosphate(PO■-P) in the interstitial water were(52.13±40.32),(1.75±1.88) mg·L~(-1), and those of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in the surface sediment were(2853.81±1501.93),(1496.00±454.06) mg·kg~(-1), respectively. The concentrations of TN and TP in the sediment increased in the order of the upstream((1898.00±1047.54),(1264.00±104.61) mg·kg~(-1)), the reservoir center((2996.67±1405.13),(1340.00±332.47) mg·kg~(-1)) and the downstream((4500.00±920.00),(1750.00±10.00) mg·kg~(-1)). The C/N ratio of the sediment indicated that the organic matter in the sediments of the point source pollution area and reservoir is derived from the complex sources of terrestrial plants and aquatic organisms. And the results of 3 D-EEM and molecular weight distribution showed that the characteristics of DOM in sediments in both the point source pollution area and the reservoir area were similar, which mainly derived from the aquatic organisms. Results of the Pearson analysis showed that the distribution of nutrients(TN, TP) in sediments significantly correlated to organic matters(p<0.01). Therefore, based on these above mentioned results, point source pollution is an important potential contamination source for the accumulation of nutrients and organic matters in Shahe reservoir.
This study carried out investigating distribution of nutrients and organic matters, as well as the source analysis in the surface sediments(0～20 cm) of Shahe reservoir. Through characterizing 3 D-EEM and molecular weight of organic matter(OM) and dissolved organic matter(DOM) in the sediment, the potential effect of point source pollution on the nutrients distribution was discussed in this study. Results showed that the average concentrations of ammonia(NH~+_4-N) and orthophosphate(PO■-P) in the interstitial water were(52.13±40.32),(1.75±1.88) mg·L~(-1), and those of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in the surface sediment were(2853.81±1501.93),(1496.00±454.06) mg·kg~(-1), respectively. The concentrations of TN and TP in the sediment increased in the order of the upstream((1898.00±1047.54),(1264.00±104.61) mg·kg~(-1)), the reservoir center((2996.67±1405.13),(1340.00±332.47) mg·kg~(-1)) and the downstream((4500.00±920.00),(1750.00±10.00) mg·kg~(-1)). The C/N ratio of the sediment indicated that the organic matter in the sediments of the point source pollution area and reservoir is derived from the complex sources of terrestrial plants and aquatic organisms. And the results of 3 D-EEM and molecular weight distribution showed that the characteristics of DOM in sediments in both the point source pollution area and the reservoir area were similar, which mainly derived from the aquatic organisms. Results of the Pearson analysis showed that the distribution of nutrients(TN, TP) in sediments significantly correlated to organic matters(p<0.01). Therefore, based on these above mentioned results, point source pollution is an important potential contamination source for the accumulation of nutrients and organic matters in Shahe reservoir.
引文
白亚之,刘季花,张辉,等.2013.海洋沉积物有机碳和总氮分析方法[J].海洋环境科学,32(3):444-447
Baker A.2002.Fluorescence properties of some farm wastes:Implications for water quality monitoring[J].Water Resrarch,36(1):189-195
陈永娟,庞树江,耿润哲,等.2015.北运河水系主要污染物通量特征研究[J].环境科学学报,35(7):2167-2176
陈志刚,卫安平,周晓红,等.2013.古运河镇江城区段沉积物重金属分布特征及危险评价[J].工业安全与环保,39(4):51-55
Cory R M,Mcknight D M.2005.Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitous presence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science & Technology,39(21):8142-8149
Emerson S,Hedges J I.1988.Processes controlling the organic carbon content of open ocean sediments[J].Paleoceanography,3(5):621-634
Geology P A.1994.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter[J].Chemical Geology,114(3/4):289-302
Goulding R,Jayasuriya N.2012.A Bayesian network model to assess the public health risk associated with wet weather sewer overflows discharging into waterways[J].Water Resrarch,46(16):4933-4940
国家环境保护总局.2002.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.211-213
韩璐,黄岁樑,王乙震.2010.海河干流柱芯不同粒径沉积物中有机质和磷形态分布研究[J].农业环境科学学报,29(5):955-962
李金荣,王莉,陈停,等.2012.溶解氧影响河流底泥中氮释放的实验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,(5):32-34
李青芹,霍守亮,昝逢宇,等.2010.我国湖泊沉积物营养盐和粒度分布及其关系研究[J].农业环境科学学报,29(12):2390-2397
李森.2013.查干湖低温期内源磷的释放及其对富营养化的影响[D].长春:吉林大学
李思远.2015.合流制管网污水溢流污染特征及其控制技术研究[D].北京:清华大学
刘博,徐宗学.2011.基于SWAT模型的北京沙河水库流域非点源污染模拟[J].农业工程学报,27(5):52-61
刘杰,郑西来,陈蕾,等.2012.水库沉积物氮磷释放通量及释放规律研究[J].水利学报,39(3):339-343
Mcknight D M,Boyer E W,Westerhoff P K,et al.2001.Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity[J].Limnology and Oceanography,46(1):38-48
Osburn C L,Handsel L T,Mikan M P,et al.2012.Fluorescence tracking of dissolved and particulate organic matter quality in a river-dominated estuary[J].Environmental Science & Technology,46(16):8628-8636
Portielje R,Lijklema L.1999.Estimation of sediment-water exchange of solutes in lake Veluwe,The Netherlands[J].Water Research,33(1):279-285
Ruban V,Brigault S,Demare D,et al.1999.An investigation of the origin and mobility of phosphorus in freshwater sediments from Bort-Les-Orgues Reservoir,France[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring Jem,1(4):403-407
单保庆,菅宇翔,唐文忠,等.2012.北运河下游典型河网区水体中氮磷分布与富营养化评价[J].环境科学,33(2):352-358
Sanchez N P,Skeriotis A T,Miller C M,et al.2014.A PARAFAC-based long-term assessment of DOM in a multi-coagulant drinking water treatment scheme[J].Environmental Science & Technology,48(3):1582-1591
Stein P D R.1991.Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Marine Sediments[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer
Stonge G,HillaireMarcel C.2001.Isotopic constraints of sedimentary inputs and organic carbon burial rates in the Saguenay Fjord,Quebec[J].Marine Geology,176(1):1-22
Sven L,Djamila A H,Thomas W,et al.2007.Polymeric compounds in activated sludge supernatant -Characterisation and retention mechanisms at a full-scale municipal membrane bioreactor[J].Water Research,41(17):3894-3902
Trivedi P R.1992.Environmental Ecology[M].Delhi:Akashdeep Publishing House.521-523
Ujiié H,Hatakeyama Y,Gu X X,et al.2001.Upward decrease of organic C/N ratios in the Okinawa trough cores:proxy for tracing the post-glacial retreat of the continental shore line[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,165(1):129-140
王圣瑞.2013.湖泊沉积物-水界面过程:氮磷生物地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社
王书航,雯雯,姜霞,等.2016.基于三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析技术的蠡湖CDOM分布特征[J].中国环境科学,36(2):517-524
吴比.2018.河道水体水质对底泥污染物释放的影响[J].净水技术,37(9):132-138
Xin C,Wang Y,Jian H,et al.2016.Phosphorus mobility among sediments,water and cyanobacteria enhanced by cyanobacteria blooms in eutrophic Lake Dianchi[J].Environmental Pollution,219:580-587
杨丽原,沈吉,刘恩峰,等.2007.南四湖现代沉积物中营养元素分布特征[J].湖泊科学,19(4):390-396
郁达伟,于淼,魏源送,等.2012.1980—2010年温榆河的水环境质量时空演变特征[J].环境科学学报,32(11):2803-2813
原盛广,张文婧,郑蓓.2014.北京市沙河水库沉积物重金属分布特征及扩散通量估算[J].安全与环境学报,14(2):244-249
张晓军.2011.乌梁素海富营养化不同程度湖区水体和沉积物微生物群落多样性及进化分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学
张伟,张洪,单保庆.2012.北运河源头区沙河水库沉积物重金属污染特征研究[J].环境科学,33(12):4284-4290
Zhang Y L,Qin B Q,Ma R H,et al.2005.Chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorption characteristics with relation to fluorescence in typical macrophyte,algae lake zones of lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,26(2):142-147
Zhang Y,Yin Y,Feng L,et al.2011.Characterizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Lake Tianmuhu and its catchment basin using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis[J].Water Resrarch,45(16):5110-5122
赵庆豪.2013.雨天合流制排水系统水质水量调查与分析[D].武汉:武汉理工大学
赵永宏,邓祥征,战金艳,等.2010.我国湖泊富营养化防治与控制策略研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,33(3):92-98
周睿,于辉辉,章琪,等.2018.不同湖泊入湖河流沉积物可转化态氮的空间分布及其影响因素[J].环境科学,39(3):1122-1128
Baker A.2002.Fluorescence properties of some farm wastes:Implications for water quality monitoring[J].Water Resrarch,36(1):189-195
陈永娟,庞树江,耿润哲,等.2015.北运河水系主要污染物通量特征研究[J].环境科学学报,35(7):2167-2176
陈志刚,卫安平,周晓红,等.2013.古运河镇江城区段沉积物重金属分布特征及危险评价[J].工业安全与环保,39(4):51-55
Cory R M,Mcknight D M.2005.Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitous presence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science & Technology,39(21):8142-8149
Emerson S,Hedges J I.1988.Processes controlling the organic carbon content of open ocean sediments[J].Paleoceanography,3(5):621-634
Geology P A.1994.Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter[J].Chemical Geology,114(3/4):289-302
Goulding R,Jayasuriya N.2012.A Bayesian network model to assess the public health risk associated with wet weather sewer overflows discharging into waterways[J].Water Resrarch,46(16):4933-4940
国家环境保护总局.2002.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.211-213
韩璐,黄岁樑,王乙震.2010.海河干流柱芯不同粒径沉积物中有机质和磷形态分布研究[J].农业环境科学学报,29(5):955-962
李金荣,王莉,陈停,等.2012.溶解氧影响河流底泥中氮释放的实验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,(5):32-34
李青芹,霍守亮,昝逢宇,等.2010.我国湖泊沉积物营养盐和粒度分布及其关系研究[J].农业环境科学学报,29(12):2390-2397
李森.2013.查干湖低温期内源磷的释放及其对富营养化的影响[D].长春:吉林大学
李思远.2015.合流制管网污水溢流污染特征及其控制技术研究[D].北京:清华大学
刘博,徐宗学.2011.基于SWAT模型的北京沙河水库流域非点源污染模拟[J].农业工程学报,27(5):52-61
刘杰,郑西来,陈蕾,等.2012.水库沉积物氮磷释放通量及释放规律研究[J].水利学报,39(3):339-343
Mcknight D M,Boyer E W,Westerhoff P K,et al.2001.Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity[J].Limnology and Oceanography,46(1):38-48
Osburn C L,Handsel L T,Mikan M P,et al.2012.Fluorescence tracking of dissolved and particulate organic matter quality in a river-dominated estuary[J].Environmental Science & Technology,46(16):8628-8636
Portielje R,Lijklema L.1999.Estimation of sediment-water exchange of solutes in lake Veluwe,The Netherlands[J].Water Research,33(1):279-285
Ruban V,Brigault S,Demare D,et al.1999.An investigation of the origin and mobility of phosphorus in freshwater sediments from Bort-Les-Orgues Reservoir,France[J].Journal of Environmental Monitoring Jem,1(4):403-407
单保庆,菅宇翔,唐文忠,等.2012.北运河下游典型河网区水体中氮磷分布与富营养化评价[J].环境科学,33(2):352-358
Sanchez N P,Skeriotis A T,Miller C M,et al.2014.A PARAFAC-based long-term assessment of DOM in a multi-coagulant drinking water treatment scheme[J].Environmental Science & Technology,48(3):1582-1591
Stein P D R.1991.Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Marine Sediments[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer
Stonge G,HillaireMarcel C.2001.Isotopic constraints of sedimentary inputs and organic carbon burial rates in the Saguenay Fjord,Quebec[J].Marine Geology,176(1):1-22
Sven L,Djamila A H,Thomas W,et al.2007.Polymeric compounds in activated sludge supernatant -Characterisation and retention mechanisms at a full-scale municipal membrane bioreactor[J].Water Research,41(17):3894-3902
Trivedi P R.1992.Environmental Ecology[M].Delhi:Akashdeep Publishing House.521-523
Ujiié H,Hatakeyama Y,Gu X X,et al.2001.Upward decrease of organic C/N ratios in the Okinawa trough cores:proxy for tracing the post-glacial retreat of the continental shore line[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,165(1):129-140
王圣瑞.2013.湖泊沉积物-水界面过程:氮磷生物地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社
王书航,雯雯,姜霞,等.2016.基于三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析技术的蠡湖CDOM分布特征[J].中国环境科学,36(2):517-524
吴比.2018.河道水体水质对底泥污染物释放的影响[J].净水技术,37(9):132-138
Xin C,Wang Y,Jian H,et al.2016.Phosphorus mobility among sediments,water and cyanobacteria enhanced by cyanobacteria blooms in eutrophic Lake Dianchi[J].Environmental Pollution,219:580-587
杨丽原,沈吉,刘恩峰,等.2007.南四湖现代沉积物中营养元素分布特征[J].湖泊科学,19(4):390-396
郁达伟,于淼,魏源送,等.2012.1980—2010年温榆河的水环境质量时空演变特征[J].环境科学学报,32(11):2803-2813
原盛广,张文婧,郑蓓.2014.北京市沙河水库沉积物重金属分布特征及扩散通量估算[J].安全与环境学报,14(2):244-249
张晓军.2011.乌梁素海富营养化不同程度湖区水体和沉积物微生物群落多样性及进化分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学
张伟,张洪,单保庆.2012.北运河源头区沙河水库沉积物重金属污染特征研究[J].环境科学,33(12):4284-4290
Zhang Y L,Qin B Q,Ma R H,et al.2005.Chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorption characteristics with relation to fluorescence in typical macrophyte,algae lake zones of lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,26(2):142-147
Zhang Y,Yin Y,Feng L,et al.2011.Characterizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Lake Tianmuhu and its catchment basin using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analysis[J].Water Resrarch,45(16):5110-5122
赵庆豪.2013.雨天合流制排水系统水质水量调查与分析[D].武汉:武汉理工大学
赵永宏,邓祥征,战金艳,等.2010.我国湖泊富营养化防治与控制策略研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,33(3):92-98
周睿,于辉辉,章琪,等.2018.不同湖泊入湖河流沉积物可转化态氮的空间分布及其影响因素[J].环境科学,39(3):1122-1128