化学链燃烧工艺中载氧体的研究进展
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摘要
化石燃料燃烧产生的CO_2是主要的温室气体之一,化学链燃烧工艺不仅能够低能量消耗进行内分离捕集CO_2,也是制备H_2及其他工业合成气的重要手段,其中载氧体是整个化学链循环系统的关键。以化学链燃烧中的载氧体物化特性为核心,论述了载氧体的制备、组成以及掺杂优化等发展现状,分析了当前载氧体存在的问题及研究难点,并对载氧体研究方向进行展望。载氧体传统制备方法中机械混合法、浸渍法操作简单、成本低,但制备的载氧体样品均匀性差,活性和稳定性难以保证;化学共沉淀、冷冻成粒法和溶胶凝胶法能在一定程度上提高载氧体各成分的均匀性,但其载氧体的微观结构难以控制,操作复杂,制备成本较高,不适于大规模应用;载氧体制备方法应向低成本、高效以及精细化控制方向发展。目前常用的载氧体中铁基载氧体活性低,镍基和锰基载氧体对环境不利,而铜基载氧体易于烧结,惰性载体的加入和碱金属等元素的掺杂能在一定程度上改善其特性,但距离低成本、高活性、环境友好、工作寿命长还有一定差距,因而进一步研究载氧体组分和掺杂组分之间的协同机理是载氧体优化的关键。
CO_2 produced by the combustion of fossil fuels is one of the major greenhouse gases.Chemical-looping combustion process can not only separate and capture CO_2 with low energy consumption,but also is an important means for the preparation of hydrogen and other industrial synthesis gases.The oxygen carrier is the key to the entire chemical-looping combustion system.The development status of preparation,composition and doping modification of oxygen carrier were discuessed,and current problems,research difficulties and prospects of oxygen carrier were analyzed.In the traditional preparation method of oxygen carrier,the mechanical mixing and impregnation methods are simple in operation process and low in cost,but the prepared oxygen carrier sample has poor uniformity,and it is difficult to ensure the activity and stability.Chemical co-precipitation,freezing granulation method and sol-gel method can improve the uniformity of the components of the oxygen carrier to some extent,but it is not suitable for large-scale application because of unmanageable microstructure,complex operation and high preparation cost.The preparation method of the oxygen carrier should be low-cost,high-efficiency and refined control.At present,the iron-based oxygen carrier in the commonly used oxygen carrier has low activity,the nickel-based and manganese-based oxygen carrier is unfavorable to the environment,and the copper-based oxygen carrier is easy to be sintered.It can improve the characteristics to a certain extent by addition of the inert carrier and the alkali metal,but there is still a gap between low cost,high activity,environmental friendliness and long working life.Therefore,further research on the synergistic mechanism between oxygen carrier components and doping components is the key to oxygen carrier optimization.
CO_2 produced by the combustion of fossil fuels is one of the major greenhouse gases.Chemical-looping combustion process can not only separate and capture CO_2 with low energy consumption,but also is an important means for the preparation of hydrogen and other industrial synthesis gases.The oxygen carrier is the key to the entire chemical-looping combustion system.The development status of preparation,composition and doping modification of oxygen carrier were discuessed,and current problems,research difficulties and prospects of oxygen carrier were analyzed.In the traditional preparation method of oxygen carrier,the mechanical mixing and impregnation methods are simple in operation process and low in cost,but the prepared oxygen carrier sample has poor uniformity,and it is difficult to ensure the activity and stability.Chemical co-precipitation,freezing granulation method and sol-gel method can improve the uniformity of the components of the oxygen carrier to some extent,but it is not suitable for large-scale application because of unmanageable microstructure,complex operation and high preparation cost.The preparation method of the oxygen carrier should be low-cost,high-efficiency and refined control.At present,the iron-based oxygen carrier in the commonly used oxygen carrier has low activity,the nickel-based and manganese-based oxygen carrier is unfavorable to the environment,and the copper-based oxygen carrier is easy to be sintered.It can improve the characteristics to a certain extent by addition of the inert carrier and the alkali metal,but there is still a gap between low cost,high activity,environmental friendliness and long working life.Therefore,further research on the synergistic mechanism between oxygen carrier components and doping components is the key to oxygen carrier optimization.
引文
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