饲粮阴阳离子差对围产期奶牛血清生理生化指标及犊牛血清抗氧化指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究围产前期饲粮阴阳离子差(DCAD)对产后奶牛血清生理生化指标及犊牛血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验采取单因子随机区组试验设计,选取2~4胎次、体重相近、预产期相近的围产前期(产前28天)中国荷斯坦奶牛20头,分为4组,每组5头。4组分别在围产前期饲喂DCAD为+262.31、+130.26、+78.51、+6.67 mmol/kg(干物质基础)的饲粮,阴离子盐的添加量分别为0、15.0、21.9、29.1 g/kg。试验期49 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:降低奶牛产前饲粮DCAD能显著提高其血清钙含量(P<0.05);显著降低尿液p H(P<0.05);显著提高产后血清维生素D含量(P<0.05);显著提高犊牛血清抗氧化能力(P<0.05);但对奶牛血清肿瘤坏死因子、甲状旁腺素、降钙素和β-羟丁酸含量没有显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,添加阴离子盐降低产前奶牛饲粮的DCAD可以促进其血清钙稳态,诱发机体轻度代谢性碱中毒从而减少产褥热的发病率,并提高犊牛的抗氧化能力。本试验条件下,15.0 g/kg(干物质基础)为阴离子盐最佳添加量。
This experiment w as conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cation-anion difference( DCAD)on physiological and biochemical indexes in serum of peripartum dairy cow s and anti-oxidant indexes in serum of calves. The test w as adopted using single factor randomized block design. Tw enty 2 to 4 parities Chinese Holstein antepartum cow s( 28 d) w ith similar body w eight and expected date of confinement w ere allocated into 4 groups w ith 5 cow s per group. Cow s w ere fed 4 experimental diets w ith DCAD at + 262. 31,+ 130. 26,+ 78.51 and + 6.67 mmol/kg( dry matter basis),respectively,and the supplemental level of anionic salt w as0,15.0,21.9 and 29.1 g/kg,respectively. The experiment lasted for 49 days w ith the first 7 days as adaptation period and the follow ing 42 d as trial period. The results show ed that reducing dietary DCAD of antepartum period could significantly improve serum calcium content( P < 0. 05),significantly decrease urine p H( P <0.05),and significantly improve postpartum serum vitamin D content of dairy cow s( P < 0. 05),as w ell as significantly decrease serum malondialdehyde content of calves( P< 0.05); how ever,there w ere no significant effects on serum tumor necrosis factor α,parathyroid hormone,calcitonin and beta hydroxybutyrate contents among 4 groups( P> 0.05). Therefore,the results indicate that anionic salts supplementation in diet for antepartum cow s can promote the serum calcium homeostasis,induce mild metabolic acidosis,so as to reduce the incidence of puerperal fever in cow s,and improve anti-oxidant ability of their calves.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29( 10) : 3574-3582]
This experiment w as conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cation-anion difference( DCAD)on physiological and biochemical indexes in serum of peripartum dairy cow s and anti-oxidant indexes in serum of calves. The test w as adopted using single factor randomized block design. Tw enty 2 to 4 parities Chinese Holstein antepartum cow s( 28 d) w ith similar body w eight and expected date of confinement w ere allocated into 4 groups w ith 5 cow s per group. Cow s w ere fed 4 experimental diets w ith DCAD at + 262. 31,+ 130. 26,+ 78.51 and + 6.67 mmol/kg( dry matter basis),respectively,and the supplemental level of anionic salt w as0,15.0,21.9 and 29.1 g/kg,respectively. The experiment lasted for 49 days w ith the first 7 days as adaptation period and the follow ing 42 d as trial period. The results show ed that reducing dietary DCAD of antepartum period could significantly improve serum calcium content( P < 0. 05),significantly decrease urine p H( P <0.05),and significantly improve postpartum serum vitamin D content of dairy cow s( P < 0. 05),as w ell as significantly decrease serum malondialdehyde content of calves( P< 0.05); how ever,there w ere no significant effects on serum tumor necrosis factor α,parathyroid hormone,calcitonin and beta hydroxybutyrate contents among 4 groups( P> 0.05). Therefore,the results indicate that anionic salts supplementation in diet for antepartum cow s can promote the serum calcium homeostasis,induce mild metabolic acidosis,so as to reduce the incidence of puerperal fever in cow s,and improve anti-oxidant ability of their calves.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29( 10) : 3574-3582]
引文
[1]WU Z,BERNARD J K,TAYLOR S J.Effect of feeding calcareous m arine algae to Holstein cow s prepartum or postpartum on serum m etabolites and performance[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(7):4629-4639.
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[9]HU W,MURPHY M R.Dietary cation-anion difference effects on perform ance and acid-base status of lactating dairy cow s:a m eta-analysis[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(7):2222-2229.
[10]JOYCE P W,SANCHEZ W K,GOFF J P.Effect of anionic salts in prepartum diets based on alfalfa[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1997,80(11):2866-2875.
[11]DEGARIS P J,LEAN I J,RABIEE A R,et al.Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets on m ilk production and m ilk com position in dairy cow s[J].Australian Veterinary Journal,2008,86(9):341-351.
[12]VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.M ethods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to anim al nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[13]吴文旋,段永邦,李胜利.饲粮阴阳离子差对围产期奶牛酸碱平衡、血浆钙浓度及抗氧化应激的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(4):856-863.
[14]BERTICS S J,GRUMMER R R,CADORINGA-VALINO C,et al.Effect of prepartum dry matter intake on liver triglyceride concentration and early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(7):1914-1922.
[15]HORST R L,GOFF J P,REINHARDT T A,et al.Strategies for preventing m ilk fever in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1997,80(7):1269-1280.
[16]桑松柏,夏成,张洪友,等.阴离子盐对围产期奶牛低钙血症的预防作用[J].中国兽医杂志,2009,45(12):50-51.
[17]GRUMMER R R.Impact of changes in organic nutrient m etabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(9):2820-2833.
[18]HERDT T H.Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance:influences on the etiology of ketosis and fatty liver[J].Veterinary Clinics of North Am erica:Food Anim al Practice,2000,16(2):215-230.
[19]BAUMAN D E,CURRIE W B.Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation:a review of m echanism s involving hom eostasis and hom eorhesis[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(9):1514-1529.
[20]王建国.围产期健康奶牛与酮病、亚临床低钙血症病牛血液代谢谱的比较与分析[D].博士学位论文.长春:吉林大学,2013.
[21]OETZEL G R,GOFF J P.Milk fever(parturient paresis)in cow s,ew es,and doe goats[M]//ANDERSON D E,RINGS D M,eds.Food Anim al Practice.5th ed.Am sterdam:Elsevier Inc,1998:215-218.
[22]JARDON P W.Using urine p H to monitor anionic salt program s[J].Com pendium on Continuing Education for Practicing Veterinarian,1995,17:860-862.
[23]SPANGHERO M.Prediction of urinary and blood p H in non-lactating dairy cow s fed anionic diets[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technolgy,2004,116(1/2):83-92.
[2]CURTIS C R,ERB H N,SNIFFEN C J,et al.Path analysis of dry period nutrition,postpartum m etabolic and reproductive disorders,and m astitis in Holstein cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1985,68(6):2347-2360.
[3]CURTIS C R,ERB H N,SNIFFEN C J,et al.Association of parturient hypocalcem ia w ith eight periparturient disorders in Holstein cow s[J].Journal of the Am erican Veterinary M edical Association,1983,183(5):559-561.
[4]Bl OCK E.Manipulating dietary anions and cations for prepartum dairy cow s to reduce incidence of milk fever[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1984,67(12):2939-2948.
[5]OETZEL G R,OLSON J D,CURTIS C R,et al.Amm onium chloride and am m onium sulfate for prevention of parturient paresis in dairy cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(12):3302-3309.
[6]GOFF J P,HORST R L,MUELLER F J,et al.Addition of chloride to a prepartal diet high in cations increases 1,25-dihydroxyvitam in D response to hypocalcem ia preventing m ilk fever[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(11):3863-3871.
[7]WEST J W,HAYDON K D,MULLINIX B G,et al.Dietary cation-anion balance and cation source effects on production and acid-base status of heat-stressed cow s[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(10):2776-2786.
[8]WEST J W,MULLINIX B G,SANDIFER T G.Changing dietary electrolyte balance for dairy cow s in cool and hot environm ents[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(5):1662-1674.
[9]HU W,MURPHY M R.Dietary cation-anion difference effects on perform ance and acid-base status of lactating dairy cow s:a m eta-analysis[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(7):2222-2229.
[10]JOYCE P W,SANCHEZ W K,GOFF J P.Effect of anionic salts in prepartum diets based on alfalfa[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1997,80(11):2866-2875.
[11]DEGARIS P J,LEAN I J,RABIEE A R,et al.Effects of increasing days of exposure to prepartum transition diets on m ilk production and m ilk com position in dairy cow s[J].Australian Veterinary Journal,2008,86(9):341-351.
[12]VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.M ethods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to anim al nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.
[13]吴文旋,段永邦,李胜利.饲粮阴阳离子差对围产期奶牛酸碱平衡、血浆钙浓度及抗氧化应激的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(4):856-863.
[14]BERTICS S J,GRUMMER R R,CADORINGA-VALINO C,et al.Effect of prepartum dry matter intake on liver triglyceride concentration and early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(7):1914-1922.
[15]HORST R L,GOFF J P,REINHARDT T A,et al.Strategies for preventing m ilk fever in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1997,80(7):1269-1280.
[16]桑松柏,夏成,张洪友,等.阴离子盐对围产期奶牛低钙血症的预防作用[J].中国兽医杂志,2009,45(12):50-51.
[17]GRUMMER R R.Impact of changes in organic nutrient m etabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(9):2820-2833.
[18]HERDT T H.Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance:influences on the etiology of ketosis and fatty liver[J].Veterinary Clinics of North Am erica:Food Anim al Practice,2000,16(2):215-230.
[19]BAUMAN D E,CURRIE W B.Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation:a review of m echanism s involving hom eostasis and hom eorhesis[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(9):1514-1529.
[20]王建国.围产期健康奶牛与酮病、亚临床低钙血症病牛血液代谢谱的比较与分析[D].博士学位论文.长春:吉林大学,2013.
[21]OETZEL G R,GOFF J P.Milk fever(parturient paresis)in cow s,ew es,and doe goats[M]//ANDERSON D E,RINGS D M,eds.Food Anim al Practice.5th ed.Am sterdam:Elsevier Inc,1998:215-218.
[22]JARDON P W.Using urine p H to monitor anionic salt program s[J].Com pendium on Continuing Education for Practicing Veterinarian,1995,17:860-862.
[23]SPANGHERO M.Prediction of urinary and blood p H in non-lactating dairy cow s fed anionic diets[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technolgy,2004,116(1/2):83-92.