几种分光光度法测定增溶于表面活性剂的邻甲苯胺对比研究
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摘要
为评估几种典型分光光度法测定多组分有机溶液质量浓度的准确性,以邻甲苯胺为研究对象,通过考察其溶液紫外吸收光谱,发现硝酸、硫酸、盐酸对其光谱干扰强度依次减弱,紫外分光光度法测定时调节pH值以盐酸为宜。采用传统紫外分光光度法测定增溶于十二烷基硫酸钠溶液的邻甲苯胺质量浓度,测试结果偏高,回收率为109%～132%;对邻甲苯胺标准曲线以及溶液测试过程进行改进,测试结果准确度更高、重现性好,回收率99%～107%,相对偏差在4%以内。对比研究了导数光谱法和根据吸光度加和性构建的线性方程组法测定增溶于Triton X-114溶液的邻甲苯胺质量浓度,导数光谱法测得回收率为95%～106%,相对偏差在6%以内;线性方程组法在Triton X-114与邻甲苯胺质量浓度比相差较大时测得邻甲苯胺质量浓度严重偏离实际值。
The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the accuracy of determining the multicomponent organic mass concentrations in the aqueous solution by means of several kinds of spectrophotometry. Through the investigation on the ultraviolet( UV)spectral variation features of the o-toluidine( OT) solution under the condition where it was adjusted to different pH values of solution using the three different acids and the alkali,i. e,NaOH,itshowed that the interference intensities of the spectra for o-toluidine caused by the acids tend to follow the order of: HNO_3>H_2 SO_4> HCl. Therefore,it is recommended to adjust the solution's pH values by using HCl when the solution concentration is to be measured by the UV spectrophotometry. What is more,it has been found that the mass concentration of the o-toluidine which is solubilized in the solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate( SDS) determined by the mean of the conventional UV spectrophotometry tends to be higher than its actual value with its recovery ratio of 109%-132%. Moreover,the conventional UV spectrophotometry was also modified in this paper. In this case,the o-toluidine tends to be solubilized in a certain constant mass concentration of SDS solution to reconstruct its calibration curve,and the solutions containing SDS and o-toluidine are also needed to be diluted and then determined in reference to the SDS mass concentration for that reconstructed calibration curve. And,thus,a better determined result can be obtained by such a modified method with a higher accuracy and a nice reproducibility in accordance with the actual o-toluidine concentration in SDS solution,whose relative standard errors have been reduced till merely to 4% below,but its recovery rates can be achieved as high as99%-107%. At the same time,both the method of the linear equations based on the principle of additivity of the spectrophotometry absorbance and the mean of the derivative spectrophotometric can help to simultaneously determine the mass concentration of o-toluidine and Triton X-114 in their co-existence solutions,then both two methods were studied comparatively. The results of the present study can thus demonstrate that the derivative spectrophotometric method can help us to succeed in gaining a nice determination result for o-toluidine mass concentration with its recoveries and relative standard errors of 95%-106% and merely below 6%,respectively. Thus,the o-toluidine mass concentrations in Triton X-114 solution determined by the linear equations are actually seriously deviated from the real values in the presence of a higher mass concentration ratio of Triton X-114 to o-toluidine,even the negative concentrations can be gained.Thus,the conclusion achieved in this paper can be expected to provide an important reference to the selection of the spectrophotometric methods on the mass concentration determination of the multicomponent organics.
The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the accuracy of determining the multicomponent organic mass concentrations in the aqueous solution by means of several kinds of spectrophotometry. Through the investigation on the ultraviolet( UV)spectral variation features of the o-toluidine( OT) solution under the condition where it was adjusted to different pH values of solution using the three different acids and the alkali,i. e,NaOH,itshowed that the interference intensities of the spectra for o-toluidine caused by the acids tend to follow the order of: HNO_3>H_2 SO_4> HCl. Therefore,it is recommended to adjust the solution's pH values by using HCl when the solution concentration is to be measured by the UV spectrophotometry. What is more,it has been found that the mass concentration of the o-toluidine which is solubilized in the solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate( SDS) determined by the mean of the conventional UV spectrophotometry tends to be higher than its actual value with its recovery ratio of 109%-132%. Moreover,the conventional UV spectrophotometry was also modified in this paper. In this case,the o-toluidine tends to be solubilized in a certain constant mass concentration of SDS solution to reconstruct its calibration curve,and the solutions containing SDS and o-toluidine are also needed to be diluted and then determined in reference to the SDS mass concentration for that reconstructed calibration curve. And,thus,a better determined result can be obtained by such a modified method with a higher accuracy and a nice reproducibility in accordance with the actual o-toluidine concentration in SDS solution,whose relative standard errors have been reduced till merely to 4% below,but its recovery rates can be achieved as high as99%-107%. At the same time,both the method of the linear equations based on the principle of additivity of the spectrophotometry absorbance and the mean of the derivative spectrophotometric can help to simultaneously determine the mass concentration of o-toluidine and Triton X-114 in their co-existence solutions,then both two methods were studied comparatively. The results of the present study can thus demonstrate that the derivative spectrophotometric method can help us to succeed in gaining a nice determination result for o-toluidine mass concentration with its recoveries and relative standard errors of 95%-106% and merely below 6%,respectively. Thus,the o-toluidine mass concentrations in Triton X-114 solution determined by the linear equations are actually seriously deviated from the real values in the presence of a higher mass concentration ratio of Triton X-114 to o-toluidine,even the negative concentrations can be gained.Thus,the conclusion achieved in this paper can be expected to provide an important reference to the selection of the spectrophotometric methods on the mass concentration determination of the multicomponent organics.
引文
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[8] SARKAR M,PODDAR S. Studies on the interaction of surfactants with cationic dye by absorption spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,2000,221(2):181-185.
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[12] SU Jiangtao(苏江涛), HU Changjie(胡常杰),ZHANG Hanqiao(张汉桥),et al. Determination of amlodipine and telmisartan in the compound tablet by first derivative UV spectrophotomety[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice(药学实践杂志),2017,35(2):150-153.
[13] CHADHA R,BALI A. Development and validation of stability-indicating derivative spectrophotometric methods for determination of dronedarone hydrochloride[J].Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 2016, 83(2):288-293.
[14] TEHRANI M S,ZARE-DORABEI R. Competitive removal of hazardous dyes from aqueous solution by MIL-68(Al):derivative spectrophotometric method and response surface methodology approach[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular&Biomolecular Spectroscopy,2016,160:8-18.
[15] SUNIL A,RAO S J. First derivative spectrophotometric determination of copper(II)and nickel(II)simultaneously using 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)thiourea[J]. Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2015,70(2):154-158.
[16] BAGHERI A R,GHAEDI M,DASHTIAN K,et al.Simultaneous removal of Cu2+and Cr3+ions from aqueous solution based on complexation with eriochrome cyanine-R and derivative spectrophotometric method[J].Applied Organometallic Chemistry,2018,32:e3918.
[17] WANG Jingmin(王静敏),ZHANG Jingchao(张景超),ZHAGN Zunju(张尊举). Rapid determination of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen by second derivative spectrophotometry[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析),2019,39(1):161-165.
[18] ATTIA K A,EL-ABASSAWI N M,EL-OLEMY A,et al. Second derivative spectrophotometric and synchronous spectrofluorometric determination of lesinurad in the presence of its oxidative degradation product[J]. New Journal of Chemistry,2018,42:995-1002.
[19] NI Yongnian(倪永年). Simultaneously spectrophotometric analysis of multicomponent systems-nonlinear equation set method[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities(高等学校化学学报),1988,9(4):404-406.
[20] KILE D E,CHIOU C T. Water solubility enhancements of DDT and trichlorobenzene by some surfactants below and above the critical micelle concentration[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 1989, 23(7):832-838.
[21] NI Yongnian(倪永年),ZHOU Xiaoqun(周小群),QIU Ping(邱萍). Simultaneous determination of phenol and aniline in waste water by absorbance ratio derivative method[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析),2004(1):118-121.
[22] SONG Hongjie(宋宏杰),YOU Benming(尤本明),LIU Shaoming(刘少明),et al. Determination of the content of allantoin in allantoin-vitamin E cream by zerocrossing fist-derivative spectrophotometry[J]. Pharmaceutical Care and Research(药学服务与研究),2007,7(2):114-116.
[23] CHAUDHARY A,SINGH A,VERMA P K. Method development and validation of potent pyrimidine derivative by UV-VIS spectrophotometer[J]. Organic&Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2014,4(1):15.
[24] WANG Lianshu(王练书),GAO Junfa(高俊发). The improved measurement method of anionic surfactants using the methylene blue spectrophotometry[J]. Applied Chemical Industry(应用化工), 2013, 42(4):754-760.
[2] DOULIN D,XIARCHOS I. Ultrafiltration of micellar solutions of nonionic surfactants with or without alachlor pesticide[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2007,296(1):58-64.
[3] TANHAEI B,CHENAR M P,SAGHATOLESLAMI N,et al. Assessment of the micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration process with a tight UF membrane for the removal of aniline from water[J]. Desalination&Water Treatment,2014,52(31/32/33):5748-5756.
[4] LUO Fang(罗芳),ZENG Guangming(曾光明),HUANG Jinhui(黄瑾辉), et al. Effect of structure differences in surfactant on retention of phenol during micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报),2010,4(2):241-246.
[5] LI X,ZENG G M,HUANG J H,et al. Simultaneous removal of cadmium ions and phenol with MEUF using SDS and mixed surfactants[J]. Desalination,2011,276(1/2/3):136-141.
[6] PRAMAURO E,PREVOT A B,SAVARINO P,et al.Preconcentration of aniline derivatives from aqueous solutions using micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration[J]. Analyst,1993,118(1):131-146.
[7] BIELSKA M,SZYMANOWSKI J. Removal of methylene blue from waste water using micellar enhanced ultrafiltration[J]. Water Research,2006,40(5):1027-1033.
[8] SARKAR M,PODDAR S. Studies on the interaction of surfactants with cationic dye by absorption spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,2000,221(2):181-185.
[9] ALI N,ISMAIL M,KHAN A,et al. Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of urea in real samples using silver nanoparticles by standard addition and 2nd order derivative methods[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A:Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2018, 189:110-115.
[10] SOURI E,NASAB S A M,AMANLOU M,et al. Development and validation of a rapid derivative spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen,ibuprofen and caffeine[J]. Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2015,70(3):333-338.
[11] LIU Yawei(刘雅巍),CHI Yongzhi(池勇志),FEI Xuening(费学宁),et al. On simultaneous determination of phenol aniline and benzoic acid by ultraviolet absorption spectrometry[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2005,5(2):72-74.
[12] SU Jiangtao(苏江涛), HU Changjie(胡常杰),ZHANG Hanqiao(张汉桥),et al. Determination of amlodipine and telmisartan in the compound tablet by first derivative UV spectrophotomety[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice(药学实践杂志),2017,35(2):150-153.
[13] CHADHA R,BALI A. Development and validation of stability-indicating derivative spectrophotometric methods for determination of dronedarone hydrochloride[J].Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 2016, 83(2):288-293.
[14] TEHRANI M S,ZARE-DORABEI R. Competitive removal of hazardous dyes from aqueous solution by MIL-68(Al):derivative spectrophotometric method and response surface methodology approach[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular&Biomolecular Spectroscopy,2016,160:8-18.
[15] SUNIL A,RAO S J. First derivative spectrophotometric determination of copper(II)and nickel(II)simultaneously using 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)thiourea[J]. Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2015,70(2):154-158.
[16] BAGHERI A R,GHAEDI M,DASHTIAN K,et al.Simultaneous removal of Cu2+and Cr3+ions from aqueous solution based on complexation with eriochrome cyanine-R and derivative spectrophotometric method[J].Applied Organometallic Chemistry,2018,32:e3918.
[17] WANG Jingmin(王静敏),ZHANG Jingchao(张景超),ZHAGN Zunju(张尊举). Rapid determination of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen by second derivative spectrophotometry[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析),2019,39(1):161-165.
[18] ATTIA K A,EL-ABASSAWI N M,EL-OLEMY A,et al. Second derivative spectrophotometric and synchronous spectrofluorometric determination of lesinurad in the presence of its oxidative degradation product[J]. New Journal of Chemistry,2018,42:995-1002.
[19] NI Yongnian(倪永年). Simultaneously spectrophotometric analysis of multicomponent systems-nonlinear equation set method[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities(高等学校化学学报),1988,9(4):404-406.
[20] KILE D E,CHIOU C T. Water solubility enhancements of DDT and trichlorobenzene by some surfactants below and above the critical micelle concentration[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 1989, 23(7):832-838.
[21] NI Yongnian(倪永年),ZHOU Xiaoqun(周小群),QIU Ping(邱萍). Simultaneous determination of phenol and aniline in waste water by absorbance ratio derivative method[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析),2004(1):118-121.
[22] SONG Hongjie(宋宏杰),YOU Benming(尤本明),LIU Shaoming(刘少明),et al. Determination of the content of allantoin in allantoin-vitamin E cream by zerocrossing fist-derivative spectrophotometry[J]. Pharmaceutical Care and Research(药学服务与研究),2007,7(2):114-116.
[23] CHAUDHARY A,SINGH A,VERMA P K. Method development and validation of potent pyrimidine derivative by UV-VIS spectrophotometer[J]. Organic&Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2014,4(1):15.
[24] WANG Lianshu(王练书),GAO Junfa(高俊发). The improved measurement method of anionic surfactants using the methylene blue spectrophotometry[J]. Applied Chemical Industry(应用化工), 2013, 42(4):754-760.