罗马尼亚风险评估方法在某汽车维修企业的应用
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摘要
目的分析某汽车维修企业职业病危害风险水平,为该行业职业病危害控制和风险管理提供依据。方法应用罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法,识别、评估某汽车维修企业重点岗位的职业病危害因素,确定最常见后果和最严重后果的风险等级,并与《工作场所职业病危害作业分级》、《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》的结果进行比较。结果紫外辐射和噪声的风险等级最高(4级～5级),是需要首要预防的风险因子。苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丁酮、苯乙烯、臭氧、一氧化氮和二氧化氮等化学物的风险等级为1级～3级,为次优先防护的风险因子。二氧化碳保护焊和钣金岗位是职业危害风险控制的关键岗位。以上结果与《工作场所职业病危害作业分级》、《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》的评估结果基本一致。结论该企业应加强噪声、紫外辐射的职业病危害预防以及二氧化碳保护焊和钣金岗位的风险控制。
Objective To analyze the risk level of occupational hazards in an automobile maintenance company, and to provide basis for the occupational hazards control and risk management in this industry. Methods Romania risk assessment method of occupational accidents and diseases was carried out to identify occupational hazards of key positions in this automobile maintenance enterprise, and to determine the most common and most serious consequences of risk rating. The consequences of risk rating were then compared to that of workplace occupational-disease-inductive grading and the exposure limits in workplace occupational hazards. Results The results showed that the risk levels of ultraviolet radiation and noise were the highest(level 4-level 5), which need to be protected first. The risk levels of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, butanone, styrene, ozone, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide were from level 1 to level 3, which need to be put in secondary protection. Carbon dioxide welding and sheet metal were key positions for occupational hazard risk control. The above results were basically consistent with the results obtained by occupational hazards classification in the workplace and occupational exposure limit of harmful factors in the workplace. Conclusion According to the results, the automobile maintenance company should strengthen the risk control of noise, UV radiation, carbon dioxide welding and sheet metal post.
Objective To analyze the risk level of occupational hazards in an automobile maintenance company, and to provide basis for the occupational hazards control and risk management in this industry. Methods Romania risk assessment method of occupational accidents and diseases was carried out to identify occupational hazards of key positions in this automobile maintenance enterprise, and to determine the most common and most serious consequences of risk rating. The consequences of risk rating were then compared to that of workplace occupational-disease-inductive grading and the exposure limits in workplace occupational hazards. Results The results showed that the risk levels of ultraviolet radiation and noise were the highest(level 4-level 5), which need to be protected first. The risk levels of benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, butanone, styrene, ozone, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide were from level 1 to level 3, which need to be put in secondary protection. Carbon dioxide welding and sheet metal were key positions for occupational hazard risk control. The above results were basically consistent with the results obtained by occupational hazards classification in the workplace and occupational exposure limit of harmful factors in the workplace. Conclusion According to the results, the automobile maintenance company should strengthen the risk control of noise, UV radiation, carbon dioxide welding and sheet metal post.
引文
[1] 尚隆邦,陆德伟.某集团汽车维修店职业病危害因素识别与检测[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2016,34(2):147-149.
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[9] 余晓峰,韩丽芳,谢凯蕾,等.罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法在某贵金属冶炼厂的应用效果[J].浙江预防医学,2016,28(2):186-188,191.
[10] 李明,王莎莎,蒋国钦,等.罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法在某荧光灯制造企业的应用[J].预防医学,2017,29(2):146-149,154.
[11] 林洁,彭乐恺,陈红娟,等.瑞安市企业作业场所有害因素监测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2012,22(7):1630-1631.
[12] 周惠胡,何寿国,温伟华,等.茂名市某钓鱼竿厂苯、甲苯、二甲苯危害的调查分析[J].国际医药卫生导报,2010,16(8):1009-1012.
[13] 邓文彬,叶延铭,赵光虎,等.低浓度苯相似接触工人淋巴细胞DNA损伤的剂量-反应关系研究[J].国际医药卫生导报,2014,20(2):154-157.
[14] 徐岩,宫曼漫,王姣,等.电焊紫外辐射对工人危害及防护措施现况调查[J].北京大学学报:医学版,2012,44(3):448-453.
[15] 朱红心,苏勤.某大型系列液压挖掘机技改项目职业病危害控制效果评价[J].职业卫生与病伤,2015,30(3):142-147.
[16] 李远峰.某蓄电池企业建设项目控制效果评价职业病危害因素检测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2012,22(2):334-335.
[17] 陈德放,宋岩.机械制造业职业病危害与防护措施评价[J].环球市场,2016(23):90.
[2] 周海林,朱少芳,张海宏,等.广州汽车4S店职业病危害现状调查及风险评估[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2014,32 (4):283-285.
[3] 洪蕾,胡立群,步文磊,等.杭州市下城区汽车维修行业职业卫生管理干预效果分析[J].上海预防医学,2012,24(5):252-253.
[4] 柴剑荣,钱亚玲,路艳艳,等.汽车维修企业职业病危害现状及风险评估[J].预防医学,2017,29(11):1115-1118.
[5] 任迎娣,于久愿,李海生,等.两类汽修企业工作场所职业病危害因素检测情况分析[J].首都公共卫生,2016,10(4):162-165.
[6] 李鸿,田智,雷勇.2016年重庆市某区汽车维修行业职业病危害因素检测[J].职业与健康,2018,34(2):154-156,161.
[7] 张美辨,唐仕川.职业健康风险评估方法学实践应用[M].北京:人民军医出版社.2017:12.
[8] 丁钢强,张美辨.国外职业健康风险评估指南[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2014:151.
[9] 余晓峰,韩丽芳,谢凯蕾,等.罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法在某贵金属冶炼厂的应用效果[J].浙江预防医学,2016,28(2):186-188,191.
[10] 李明,王莎莎,蒋国钦,等.罗马尼亚职业事故和职业病风险评估方法在某荧光灯制造企业的应用[J].预防医学,2017,29(2):146-149,154.
[11] 林洁,彭乐恺,陈红娟,等.瑞安市企业作业场所有害因素监测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2012,22(7):1630-1631.
[12] 周惠胡,何寿国,温伟华,等.茂名市某钓鱼竿厂苯、甲苯、二甲苯危害的调查分析[J].国际医药卫生导报,2010,16(8):1009-1012.
[13] 邓文彬,叶延铭,赵光虎,等.低浓度苯相似接触工人淋巴细胞DNA损伤的剂量-反应关系研究[J].国际医药卫生导报,2014,20(2):154-157.
[14] 徐岩,宫曼漫,王姣,等.电焊紫外辐射对工人危害及防护措施现况调查[J].北京大学学报:医学版,2012,44(3):448-453.
[15] 朱红心,苏勤.某大型系列液压挖掘机技改项目职业病危害控制效果评价[J].职业卫生与病伤,2015,30(3):142-147.
[16] 李远峰.某蓄电池企业建设项目控制效果评价职业病危害因素检测结果分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2012,22(2):334-335.
[17] 陈德放,宋岩.机械制造业职业病危害与防护措施评价[J].环球市场,2016(23):90.