不同灌溉模式对稻田土壤及糙米重金属积累的影响
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摘要
为探讨降低土壤和糙米重金属的灌溉模式,选取江西省萍乡地区的中度重金属污染稻田,研究了灌浆期习惯性灌溉(间歇性灌溉)和长期淹水灌溉2种灌溉模式对水稻产量、糙米重金属及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:与习惯性灌溉相比,长期淹水灌溉条件下的水稻产量降低1.25%;糙米Cd和Pb含量分别降低42.79%和3.70%,其中糙米Cr含量显著降低44.81%,但糙米Hg含量显著增加200%,糙米无机As含量增加3.29%;土壤Cd含量降低38.77%,其中土壤有效态Cd含量和阳离子交换量显著降低72.08%和36.71%,但土壤pH和有机质增加0.97%和6.32%;同时相关性分析发现糙米Cr含量与土壤有机质呈显著负相关,与阳离子交换量呈显著正相关,糙米Hg含量与土壤有效态Cd含量和阳离子交换量呈极显著负相关。长期淹水灌溉可有效降低污染稻田土壤Cd进入水稻,实现水稻安全生产,但会增加糙米Hg积累和减产。
To explore the irrigation mode to effects of heavy metals on brown rice, paddy soil, and rice yield, we selected a moderately heavy metal polluted paddy soil from Pingxiang district of Jiangxi province in China. In comparison with the traditional intermittent irrigation, the rice yield decreased about 1.25% under long-term flooding irrigation. The contents of Cd, Pb and Cr in brown rice decreased approximately 42.79%, 3.70% and 44.81%, respectively. The contents of Hg and inorganic As in brown rice increased about 200% and 3.29%, respectively. The content of Cd in paddy soil decreased approximately 38.77%, while the content of available Cd and cation exchange capacity significantly decreased 72.08% and36.71%, respectively. Interestingly, the pH and the content of organic content in paddy soil increased 0.97% and 6.32%,respectively. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between the available Cr level in brown rice and soil organic content, while positive correlation between Cr content in brown rice and cation exchange capacity in paddy soil. The content of Hg in brown rice was significantly and negatively correlated with the available Cd level and cation exchange capacity in paddy soil. This work indicate that the long-term flood irrigation in contaminated paddy soil can effectively reduce the available Cd level in the rice, but result in the increase of Hg accumulation, and the decrease of rice yield in comparison with traditional intermittent irrigation mode.
To explore the irrigation mode to effects of heavy metals on brown rice, paddy soil, and rice yield, we selected a moderately heavy metal polluted paddy soil from Pingxiang district of Jiangxi province in China. In comparison with the traditional intermittent irrigation, the rice yield decreased about 1.25% under long-term flooding irrigation. The contents of Cd, Pb and Cr in brown rice decreased approximately 42.79%, 3.70% and 44.81%, respectively. The contents of Hg and inorganic As in brown rice increased about 200% and 3.29%, respectively. The content of Cd in paddy soil decreased approximately 38.77%, while the content of available Cd and cation exchange capacity significantly decreased 72.08% and36.71%, respectively. Interestingly, the pH and the content of organic content in paddy soil increased 0.97% and 6.32%,respectively. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant negative correlation between the available Cr level in brown rice and soil organic content, while positive correlation between Cr content in brown rice and cation exchange capacity in paddy soil. The content of Hg in brown rice was significantly and negatively correlated with the available Cd level and cation exchange capacity in paddy soil. This work indicate that the long-term flood irrigation in contaminated paddy soil can effectively reduce the available Cd level in the rice, but result in the increase of Hg accumulation, and the decrease of rice yield in comparison with traditional intermittent irrigation mode.
引文
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[17]纪雄辉,梁永超,鲁艳红,等.污染稻田水分管理对水稻吸收积累镉的影响及其作用机理[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3930-3939.
[18]裴岗,张玉屏,朱德峰,等.不同水分处理对晚稻生长及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(4):573-576.
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[21]崔晓荧,秦俊豪,黎华寿.不同水分管理模式对水稻生长及重金属迁移特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(11):2177-2184.
[22]程建平,曹凑贵,潘圣刚,等.不同灌溉方式下水稻产量性状相关性及通径分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(1):96-99.
[23]蔡志欢,赵瑞,刘逸童,等.不同水分管理方式对优质杂交晚稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J].杂交水稻,2017,187(6):59-63.
[24]聂亚平,王晓维,万进荣,等.几种重金属(Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu)的超富集植物种类及增强植物修复措施研究进展[J].生态科学,2016,35(2):174-182.
[25]杨定清,雷绍荣,李霞,等.大田水分管理对控制稻米镉含量的技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(18):11-16.
[26]彭世彰,乔振芳,徐俊增,等.控制灌溉稻田土植系统Cd,Cr迁移转化[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(7):611-616.
[27]王荣萍,张雪霞,郑煜基,等.水分管理对重金属在水稻根区及在水稻中积累的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013(12):1956-1961.
[28]郑顺安,周玮,尹建锋,等.水分条件对稻田土壤汞甲基化影响的模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(12):4765-4771.
[29]郑绍建,胡霭堂.淹水对污染土壤Cd形态转化的影响[J].环境科学学报,1995,15(2):142-147.
[30]张磊,孟湘萍.不同水分条件下镉在土壤中形态转化的动态过程[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(17):7332-7334.
[31]朱丹妹,刘岩,张丽,等.不同类型土壤淹水对p H、Eh、Fe及有效态Cd含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(8):1508-1517.
[32]茆智.水稻节水灌溉及其对环境的影响[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(7):8-16.
[33]周国华,汪庆华,董岩翔,等.土壤-农产品系统中重金属含量关系的影响因素分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,(s1):226-231.
[34]魏华玲,周国华,孙彬彬,等.浙江省东部土壤元素地球化学特征及意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2013,43(2):564-572.
[2]MEHARG A A.Arsenic in rice-understanding a new disaster for South-East Asia[J].Trends in Plant Science,2004,9(9):415-417.
[3]SMITH A H,LINGAS E O,RAHMAN M.Contamination of drinking-water by arsenic in Bangladesh:a public health emergency[J].Bull World Health Organ,2000,78(9):1093-1103.
[4]甑燕红,成颜君,潘根兴,等.中国部分市售大米中Cd、Zn、Se的含量及其食物安全评价[J].安全与环境学报,2008,8(1):119-122.
[5]宗良纲,徐晓炎.水稻对土壤中镉的吸收及其调控措施[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(3):120-123.
[6]陈爱葵,王茂意,刘晓海,等.水稻对重金属镉的吸收及耐性机理研究进展[J].生态科学,2013,32(4):514-522.
[7]ROY M,MCDONALD L M.Metal uptake in plants and health risk assessments in metal-contaminated smelter soils[J].Land Degradation&Development,2015,26(8):785-792.
[8]顾继光,周启星.镉污染土壤的治理及植物修复[J].生态科学,2002,21(4):352-356.
[9]施培俊,王冠华,陈亚华,等.原位化学钝化技术在重金属污染土壤修复中的研究进展[J].环境科学导刊,2016,35(s1):121-124.
[10]PASSTORE L,ROSSETTI S,JUWARKAR A A,et al.Phytoremediation and bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs):state of knowledge and research and research perspectives[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,278(278C):189-202.
[11]苗欣宇,周启星.污染土壤植物修复效率影响因素研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):870-877.
[12]刘昭兵,纪雄辉,彭华.水分管理模式对水稻吸收累积镉的影响及其作用机理[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):908-914.
[13]GAVANDEN B,JPG L.Decalcification of soils subject to periodic waterlogging[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2000,51(1):27-33.
[14]ARAO T,KAWASAKI A,BABA K,et al.Effects of water management on cadmium and arsenic accumulation and dimethylarsinic acid concentrations in Japanese rice[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(24):9361-9367.
[15]SOMENAHALLY A C,HOLLISTER E B,YAN W,et al.Water management impacts on arsenic speciation and iron-reducing bacteria in contrasting rice-rhizosphere compartments[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,45(19):8328.
[16]张丽娜,宗良纲,付世景,等.水分管理方式对水稻在Cd污染土壤上生长及其吸收Cd的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(5):49-52.
[17]纪雄辉,梁永超,鲁艳红,等.污染稻田水分管理对水稻吸收积累镉的影响及其作用机理[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3930-3939.
[18]裴岗,张玉屏,朱德峰,等.不同水分处理对晚稻生长及产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(4):573-576.
[19]张玉屏,朱德峰,林贤青.不同时期水分胁迫对水稻生长特性和产量形成的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(2):48-53.
[20]李剑睿,徐应明,林大松,等.水分调控和钝化剂处理对水稻土镉的钝化效应及其机理[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(7):1316-1321.
[21]崔晓荧,秦俊豪,黎华寿.不同水分管理模式对水稻生长及重金属迁移特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(11):2177-2184.
[22]程建平,曹凑贵,潘圣刚,等.不同灌溉方式下水稻产量性状相关性及通径分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(1):96-99.
[23]蔡志欢,赵瑞,刘逸童,等.不同水分管理方式对优质杂交晚稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J].杂交水稻,2017,187(6):59-63.
[24]聂亚平,王晓维,万进荣,等.几种重金属(Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu)的超富集植物种类及增强植物修复措施研究进展[J].生态科学,2016,35(2):174-182.
[25]杨定清,雷绍荣,李霞,等.大田水分管理对控制稻米镉含量的技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(18):11-16.
[26]彭世彰,乔振芳,徐俊增,等.控制灌溉稻田土植系统Cd,Cr迁移转化[J].排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(7):611-616.
[27]王荣萍,张雪霞,郑煜基,等.水分管理对重金属在水稻根区及在水稻中积累的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013(12):1956-1961.
[28]郑顺安,周玮,尹建锋,等.水分条件对稻田土壤汞甲基化影响的模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(12):4765-4771.
[29]郑绍建,胡霭堂.淹水对污染土壤Cd形态转化的影响[J].环境科学学报,1995,15(2):142-147.
[30]张磊,孟湘萍.不同水分条件下镉在土壤中形态转化的动态过程[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(17):7332-7334.
[31]朱丹妹,刘岩,张丽,等.不同类型土壤淹水对p H、Eh、Fe及有效态Cd含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(8):1508-1517.
[32]茆智.水稻节水灌溉及其对环境的影响[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(7):8-16.
[33]周国华,汪庆华,董岩翔,等.土壤-农产品系统中重金属含量关系的影响因素分析[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,(s1):226-231.
[34]魏华玲,周国华,孙彬彬,等.浙江省东部土壤元素地球化学特征及意义[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2013,43(2):564-572.