粗粒沉积及其储层表征的发展历程与热点问题探讨
|
摘要
随着全球化石能源消费的不断增长,常规砂岩与碳酸盐岩大中型油气田的勘探举步维艰,砂砾岩这种粗粒沉积的特殊油气藏再次走进勘探家的视野。近年来,中国砂砾岩储集层展现出巨大的油气潜力,尤其是新疆准噶尔盆地玛湖大型砾岩油藏的发现,亟待开展针对性的研究。作者梳理了全球粗粒沉积研究的发展历程,将其划分为:概念形成的萌芽(1885—1947)、成因分析的快速发展(1948—1987)以及理论形成的工业应用(1988至今)3个主要阶段,每个阶段均表现为科学家对粗粒沉积的热点与瓶颈问题进行了聚焦分析与探讨,由实际现象或油气田的发现引发出问题,开展成因探讨,形成理论后再指导实践的科学发展过程。综合每个阶段的研究主题以及代表性文章和事件,并结合作者长期研究过程中的思考,提出了当前粗粒沉积所面临的关键性热点问题与今后研究方向的建议,主要包括:古地形特征与坡度、沉积成因机制、相带与微相划分、水槽模拟实验、砾岩成岩作用、测井解释瓶颈、地震处理与解释以及定量地质知识库建立的需求等。
With increasing of the global energy consumption,exploration of medium-to large-sized oil and gas fields in conventional sandstone and carbonate rocks has encountered significant difficulties.The special coarse-grained reservoirs of conglomerates gradually entered the view of exploration geologists.Discovery of the large-scale,conglomeratic reservoirs in the Mahu area,Xinjiang,proved the enormousoil and gas potential,which indicates urgent,aimed research on it. Looking back on the development history of coarse-grained sedimentation,it has gone through three main stages: Initial stage of concept formation( 1885-1947),rapid development stage of genetic analysis( 1948-1987),and application stage of theoretical perfection( 1988-present). Each stage was characterized by scientists from all over the world focused on analyzing and discussing hot spots and bottlenecks in coarse-grained deposits,which experienced scientific development processes including genetic discussions on practical phenomenon or issues induced by discovery of oil and gas fields,theory formation,and practice guiding. These academic events and cognitions provided a good example and foundation for the later researches. Based on literature reviewing of research topics, representative scientists, and events during each stage, as well as authors' thought from the long-term, comprehensive research, this paper proposed the key issues for coarsegrained sediments and suggestions for future research, including paleo-topography and slope gradients,sedimentary genetic mechanisms, facies and microfacies subdivision, flume experiments, conglomerate diagenesis,logging interpretation,seismic processing and interpretation,and quantitative data base.
With increasing of the global energy consumption,exploration of medium-to large-sized oil and gas fields in conventional sandstone and carbonate rocks has encountered significant difficulties.The special coarse-grained reservoirs of conglomerates gradually entered the view of exploration geologists.Discovery of the large-scale,conglomeratic reservoirs in the Mahu area,Xinjiang,proved the enormousoil and gas potential,which indicates urgent,aimed research on it. Looking back on the development history of coarse-grained sedimentation,it has gone through three main stages: Initial stage of concept formation( 1885-1947),rapid development stage of genetic analysis( 1948-1987),and application stage of theoretical perfection( 1988-present). Each stage was characterized by scientists from all over the world focused on analyzing and discussing hot spots and bottlenecks in coarse-grained deposits,which experienced scientific development processes including genetic discussions on practical phenomenon or issues induced by discovery of oil and gas fields,theory formation,and practice guiding. These academic events and cognitions provided a good example and foundation for the later researches. Based on literature reviewing of research topics, representative scientists, and events during each stage, as well as authors' thought from the long-term, comprehensive research, this paper proposed the key issues for coarsegrained sediments and suggestions for future research, including paleo-topography and slope gradients,sedimentary genetic mechanisms, facies and microfacies subdivision, flume experiments, conglomerate diagenesis,logging interpretation,seismic processing and interpretation,and quantitative data base.
引文
操应长,刘晖.2007.湖盆三角洲沉积坡度带特征及其与滑塌浊积岩分布关系的初步探讨.地质论评,53(4):454-459.[Cao Y C,Liu H.2007.Discussion on the Relationship between Distribution of Fluxoturbidite and Depositional Slope of Delta in Lacustrine Basin.Geological Review,53(4):454-459]
戴启德,纪友亮.1996.油气储集层地质学.北京:石油工业出版社.[Dai Q D,Ji Y L.1996.Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press]
方世虎,宋岩,贾承造,徐怀民,刘楼军,张建.2006.准噶尔盆地白垩系底砾岩与油气成藏的关系.天然气工业,26(5):13-16.[Fang S H,Song Y,Jia C Z,Xu H M,Liu L J,Zhang J.2006.Relationship between cretaceous basal conglomerate and Oil/Gas reservoiring in the Junggar Basin.Natural Gas Industry,26(5):13-16]
付建伟,罗兴平,王贵文,潘拓,赵显令,李洪楠,齐兴华.2014.砂砾岩岩相测井识别方法研究.石油化工高等学校学报,27(2):69-73.[Fu J W,Luo X P,Wang G W,Pan T,Zhao X L,Li H N,Qi X H.2014.Research of identification method of glutenite lithofacies with well log.Journal of Petrochemical Universities,27(2):69-73]
宫清顺,黄革萍,倪国辉,孟祥超,丁梁波.2010.准噶尔盆地乌尔禾油田百口泉组冲积扇沉积特征及油气勘探意义.沉积学报,28(6):1135-1144.[Gong Q S,Huang G P,Ni G H,Meng X C,Ding L B.2010.Characteristics of alluvial fan in Baikouquan Formation of Wuerhe oil field in Junggar Basin and petroleum prospecting significance.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(6):1135-1144]
宫清顺,寿建峰,黄革萍,李森明,王艳清.2012.柴达木盆地昆北油田路乐河组辫状三角洲沉积特征.地质科学,47(1):116-128.[Gong Q S,Shou J F,Huang G P,Li S M,Wang Y Q.2012.Sedimentary characteristic of braided delta in Lulehe Formation of Kunbei oilfield in Qaidam Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,47(1):116-128]
顾家裕,郭彬程,张兴阳.2005.中国陆相盆地层序地层格架及模式.石油勘探与开发,32(5):11-15.[Gu J Y,Guo B C,Zhang X Y.2005.Sequence stratigraphic framework and model of the continental basins in China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,32(5):11-15]
顾家裕,何斌.1994.塔里木盆地轮南地区三叠系扇三角洲沉积与储集层研究.沉积学报,12(2):54-62.[Gu J Y,He B.1994.Study on Triassic Fan Delta Sedimention and Reservoir in Lunnan Area,Tarim basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,12(2):54-62]
顾家裕,张兴阳.2005.中国西部陆内前陆盆地沉积特征与层序格架.沉积学报,23(2):187-193.[Gu J Y,Zhang X Y.2005.Sedimentary Characteristics and Sequence Framework of Intracontinental Foreland Basin in the Western China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,23(2):187-193]
何云超,张崇瑞.2017.新疆准噶尔盆地发现世界储量最大的砾岩油田.中国地质,44(6):1174-1174.[He Y C,Zhang C R.2017.The world's largest conglomerate oil field discovered in Junggar Basin,Xinjiang.Geology in China,44(6):1174-1174]
胡见义,徐树宝,童晓光.1986.渤海湾盆地复式油气聚集区(带)的形成和分布.石油勘探与开发,(1):5-12.[Hu J Y,Xu S B,Tong X G.1986.Formation and distribution of complex petroleum accumulation zones in Bohaiwan Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,(1):5-12]
贾爱林,何东博,何文祥,张传祿,郭建林.2003.应用露头知识库进行油田井间储集层预测.石油学报,24(6):51-53,58.[Jia AL,He D B,He W X,Zhang C L,Guo J L.2003.Application of outcrop geological knowledge database to prediction of inter-well reservoir in oilfield.Acta Petrolei Sinica,24(6):51-53,58]
贾爱林,穆龙新,陈亮,黄石岩.2000.扇三角洲储集层露头精细研究方法.石油学报,21(4):105-108.[Jia A L,Mu L X,Chen L,Huang S Y.2000.Approach for detailed study of reservoir outcrop.Acta Petrolei Sinica,21(4):105-108]
孔凡仙.2000.东营凹陷北带砂砾岩扇体勘探技术与实践.石油学报,21(5):27-31.[Kong F X.2000.Exploration technique and practice of sandy-conglomeratic fans in the northern part of Dongying depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica,21(5):27-31]
匡立春,吕焕通,齐雪峰,唐勇,张鑫.2005.准噶尔盆地岩性油气藏勘探成果和方向.石油勘探与开发,32(6):32-37.[Kuang LC,LüH T,Qi X F,Tang Y,Zhang X.2005.Exploration and targets for lithologic reservoirs in Junggar Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,32(6):32-37]
匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,吴涛,瞿建华.2014.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组扇控大面积岩性油藏勘探实践.中国石油勘探,19(6):14-23.[Kuang L C,Tang Y,Lei D W,Wu T,Qu JH.2014.Exploration of fan-controlled large-area lithologic oil reservoirs of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in slope zone of Mahu Depression in Junggar Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,19(6):14-23]
梁星如,罗永胜,杜新江,熊东方.2009.兴9砾岩体的分布预测及气藏评价研究.岩性油气藏,21(3):82-85.[Liang X R,Luo Y S,Du X J,Xiong D F.2009.Distribution prediction and gas reservoir evaluation of Xing 9 conglomerate body.Lithologic Reservoirs,21(3):82-85]
林松辉,王华,王兴谋,姜秀清,张桂霞.2005.断陷盆地陡坡带砂砾岩扇体地震反射特征:以东营凹陷为例.地质科技情报,24(4):55-59.[Lin S H,Wang Hua,Wang X M,Jiang X Q,Zhang G X.2005.Seismic reflection feature of glutenite fan in abrupt slope zone of Rift-subsidence lake Basin:A case in Dongying depression.Geological Science and Technology Information,24(4):55-59].
刘太勋,徐怀民,尚建林,王勇.2006.准噶尔盆地冲积扇储集层流动单元研究.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),21(6):24-27.[Liu T X,Xu H M,Shang J L,Wang Y.2006.Study on the flow units of alluvial fan reservoir in Zhungger Basin.Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),21(6):24-27]
罗平,邓恂康,罗蛰潭.1986.克拉玛依油田八区下乌尔禾组砾岩的成岩变化及对储集层的影响.石油与天然气地质,(01):42-50[Luo P,Deng X K,Luo Z T.1986.Diagenesis of the lower Wuerhe conglomerate in Karamay oil field and its effect on reservoir properties.Oil&Gas Geology,(01):42-50]
罗兴平,苏东旭,王振林,王刚.2017.核磁共振测井在低阻油层评价中的应用:以准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡头屯河组为例.新疆石油地质,38(4):470-476.[Luo X P,Su D X,Wang Z L,Wang G.2017.Application of NMR Logging in Low-Resistivity Reservoir E-valuation:A Case Study of Toutunhe Formation on the Eastern Fukang Slope,Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,38(4):470-476]
潘元林,宗国洪,郭玉新,姜秀芳,卓勤功.2003.济阳断陷湖盆层序地层学及砂砾岩油气藏群.石油学报,24(3):16-23.[Pan YL,Zong G H,Guo Y X,Jiang X F,Zhuo Q G.2003.Terrestrial sequence stratigraphy and lithological deposit group of sandstone in Jiyang faulted lacustrine basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,24(3):16-23]
裘亦楠,许仕策,肖敬修.1985.沉积方式与碎屑岩储集层的层内非均质性.石油学报,6(1):22-28.[Qiu Y N,Xu S C,Xiao J X.1985.Deposition pattern and in-layer heterogeneity of clastic reservoirs.Acta Petrolei Sinica,6(1):22-28]
裘怿楠.1991.储集层地质模型.石油学报,12(4):55-62.[Qiu YN.1991.Geological models of petroleum reservoir.Acta Petrolei Sinica,12(4):55-62]
裘怿楠.1997.裘怿楠石油开发地质文集.北京:石油工业出版社.[Qiu Y N.1997.A Collection of Petroleum Development Geology works of Qiu Yinan.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press]
邵雨,李学义,于兴河,瞿建华,阿布力米提·依明,鲍海娟,等.2015.玛湖凹陷百口泉组粗粒三角洲成因机制与展布规律.北京:科学出版社.[Shao Y,Li X Y,Yu X H,Qu J H,Abulimit·lmin,Bao H J,et al.2015.Sedimentary Genesis and Distribution of the Coarse-grained Delta of Baikouquan Formation,Mahu Depression.Beijing:Science Press]
申本科,赵红兵,崔文富,郭震海,李军,王雁刚.2012.砂砾岩储集层测井评价研究.地球物理学进展,27(3):1051-1058.[Shen BK,Zhao H B,Cui W F,Guo Z H,Li J,Wang Y G.2012.Sandy coglomerate reservoir logging evaluation study.Progress in Geophysics,27(3):1051-1058]
隋风贵.2003.断陷湖盆陡坡带砂砾岩扇体成藏动力学特征:以东营凹陷为例.石油与天然气地质,(4):335-340.[Sui F G.2003.Characteristics of reservoiring dynamic on the sand-coglomerate fanbodies in the steep-slope belt of continental fault basin:A case study on Dongying depression.Oil&Gas Geology,(4):335-340]
孙海宁,王洪宝,欧浩文,张世荣.2007.砂砾岩储集层地震预测技术.天然气工业,27(S1):397-398.[Sun H N,Wang H B,Ou H W,Zhang S R.Seismic prediction techniques of the sand-conglomerate reservoirs.Natural Gas Industry,27(S1):397-398]
孙永传.1980.水下冲积扇:一个找油的新领域.科学通报,25(17):799-801.[Sun Y C.1980.Subaqueous alluvial fan:A new field of oil exploration.Chinese Science Bulletin,25(17):799-801]
唐勇,徐洋,瞿建华,孟祥超,邹志文.2014.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲群特征及分布.新疆石油地质,35(6):628-635.[Tang Y,Xu Y,Qu J H,Meng X C,Zou Z W.2014.Fan-delta group characteristics and its distribution of the Triassic Baikouquan Reservoirs in Mahu Sag of Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,35(6):628-635]
田景春,陈洪德,覃建雄,侯明才,赵俊兴.2003.层序底界面的物质表现形式:以中国南方海相震旦系-中三叠统为例.沉积学报,21(4):675-682.[Tian J C,Chen H D,Qin J X,Hou M C,Zhao JX.2003.The apparent types of sequence bottom boundary surface:Taking marine Sinian system to middle Triassic series in south China as an example.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,21(4):675-682]
万欢,黄文辉,王华军.2012.东营凹陷北部陡坡带沙河街组四段砂砾岩成岩作用.特种油气藏,19(3):39-42.[Wang H,Huang W H,Wang H J.2012.Diagenesis of sand conglomerate in shahejie formation,steep slope belt,north dongying sag.Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,19(3):39-42]
王贵文,郭荣坤.2015.测井地质学.石油工业出版社.[Wang G W,Guo R K.2015.Well Logging Geology.Petroleum Industry Press]
王维红,郭雪豹,石颖,刘诗竹.2015.VSP逆时偏移及其存储策略研究.石油地球物理勘探,50(1):77-83.[Wang W H,Guo X B,Shi Y,Liu S Z.2015.Research on VSP reverse time migration and its storage strategy.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,50(1):77-83]
蔚远江,李德生,胡素云,雷振宇,何登发.2007.准噶尔盆地西北缘扇体形成演化与扇体油气藏勘探.地球学报,28(1):62-71.[Yu Y J,Li D S,Hu S Y,Lei Z Y,He D F.2007.Fans sedimentation and exploration direction of fan hydrocarbon reservoirs in foreland thrust belt of the northwestern Junggar basin.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,28(1):62-71]
闫长辉,王安,严曙梅,刘惠明,王永诗.2010.砂砾岩扇体成藏过程的定量化分析:以东营凹陷胜坨油田为例.油气地质与采收率,17(1):9-11.[Yan C H,Wang A,Yan S M,Liu H M,Wang Y S.2010.Quantitative analysis on the hydrocarbon accumulation process of the glutenite fan:A case study of Shengtuo Oilfield,Dongying Depression.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,17(1):9-11]
印森林,刘忠保,陈燕辉,吴小军.2017.冲积扇研究现状及沉积模拟实验:以碎屑流和辫状河共同控制的冲积扇为例.沉积学报,35(1):10-23.[Yin S L,Liu Z B,Chen Y H,Wu X J.2017.Research progress and sedimentation experiment simulation about alluvial fan:A case study on alluvial fan controlled by debris and braided river.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,35(1):10-23]
于兴河,瞿建华,谭程鹏,张磊,李晓璐,高照普.2014.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲砾岩岩相及成因模式.新疆石油地质,35(6):619-627.[Yu X H,Qu J H,Tan C P.Zhang L,Li X L,Gao Z P.2014.Conglomerate lithofacies and origin models of fan deltas of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag,Junggar basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,35(6):619-627]
于兴河,王德发,郑浚茂.1992.华北地区二叠系岩相组合类型、剖面特点及沉积体系.沉积学报,10(1):27-35.[Yu X H,Wang DF,Zheng J M.1992.Lithofacies association types or sequences and depositional system of Permian sandstones in north China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,10(1):27-35]
于兴河,李胜利,李顺利.2013.三角洲沉积的结构:成因分类与编图方法.沉积学报,31(5):782-797.[Yu X H,Li S L,Li S L.2013.Texture-genetic classifications and mapping methods for deltaic deposits.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(5):782-797]
于兴河,王德发,孙志华.1995.湖泊辫状河三角洲岩相、层序特征及储集层地质模型:内蒙古岱海湖现代三角洲沉积考察.沉积学报,13(1):48-58.[Yu X H,Wang D F,Sun Z H.1995.Lithofacies types、vertical profile features and reservoir geological models of braided deltaic sandbodies in faulted lake basin:The observation on deposition of modern deltas in Daihai Lake,Inner Mongolia.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,13(1):48-58]
于兴河.2002.碎屑岩系油气储集层沉积学.北京:石油工业出版社.[Yu X H.2002.Sedimentology of oil and gas reservoirs in clastic rocks.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press]
于兴河.2008.油气储集层表征与随机建模的发展历程及展望.地学前缘,15(1):1-15.[Yu X H.2008.A Review of development course and prospect of petroleum reservoir characterization and stochastic modeling.Earth Science Frontiers,15(1):1-15]
余素玉.1984.砾岩和角砾岩的组分-成因分类.地质科技情报,(3):41-44.[Yu S Y.1984.Conglomerate and breccia components-genetic classification.Geological Science and Technology Information,(3):41-44]
张纪易.1985.粗碎屑洪积扇的某些沉积特征和微相划分.沉积学报,3(3):74-85.[Zhang J Y.1985.Some depositional characteristics and microfacies subdivision of coarse clastic alluvial fans.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,3(3):74-85]
张年富,齐雪峰,王英民,刘豪.2002.准噶尔盆地侏罗系Ⅲ层序底界上下砂体预测与有利区评价.石油与天然气地质,23(2):145-149.[Zhang N F,Qi X F,Wang Y M,Liu H.2002.Prediction of upper and down sandbodies in the bottom boundary ofⅢsequence of Jurassic in Junggar basin and evaluation of favourable areas.Oil&Gas Geology,23(2):145-149]
张生,黄捍东,王星星,张金伟,李金奎.2018.车西洼陷西北陡坡沙三下亚段地震相控反演砂砾岩储集层预测.地学前缘,(2):210-220.[Zhang S,Huang H D,Wang X X,Zhang J W,Li J K.2018.Prediction of sand-conglomerate reservoirs via seismic facies controlled inversion in the Lower Es-3 of the northern steep slope of the Chexi Sag.Earth Science Frontiers,(2):210-220]
张顺存,丁超,何维国,张大勇,史基安,张杰.2011.准噶尔盆地西北缘乌尔禾鼻隆中下三叠统沉积相特征.沉积与特提斯地质,31(2):17-25.[Zhang X C,Ding C,He W G,Zhang D Y,Shi JA,Zhang J.2011.Middle and lower Triassic sedimentary facies within the Urho uplift on the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,31(2):17-25]
张顺存,刘振宇,刘巍,吴涛,史基安,贾凡建.2010.准噶尔盆地西北缘克-百断裂下盘二叠系砂砾岩储集层成岩相研究.岩性油气藏,22(4):43-51.[Zhang S C,Liu Z Y,Liu W,Wu T Shi J A,Jia F J.2010.Diagenesis facies of Permian sandy conglomerate reservoir in footwall of Kebai fault in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,22(4):43-51]
赵澄林.1992.东濮凹陷下第三系碎屑岩沉积体系与成岩作用.北京:石油工业出版社.[Zhao C L.1992.Sedimentary system and diagenesis of the Lower Tertiary clastic rocks in the Dongpu Depression.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press]
赵立旻,陈振岩,陈永成.2007.多参数岩性地震反演在大民屯凹陷三台子洼陷砂砾岩储集层预测中的运用.中国石油勘探,12(4):53-55.[Zhao L M,Chen Z Y,Chen Y C.2007.Application of multi-parameter lithologic seismic inversion to predict glutenite reservoirs in Santaizi subsag of Damintun Sag.China Petroleum exploration,12(4):53-55].
支东明,唐勇,郑孟林,郭文建,吴涛,邹志文.2018.玛湖凹陷源上砾岩大油区形成分布与勘探实践.新疆石油地质,39(1):1-8.[Zhi D M,Tang Y,Zheng M L,Guo W J,Wu T,Zou Z W.2018.Discovery,distribution and exploration practice of large oil provinces of above-source conglomerate in Mahu Sag.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,39(1):1-8]
邹才能.2011.非常规油气地质.北京:地质出版社.[Zou C N.2011.Unconventional oil and gas geology.Beijing:Geological Press]
邹才能,侯连华,杨帆,杨春,陶士振,袁选凯,朱如凯.2014.碎屑岩风化壳结构及油气地质意义.中国科学-地球科学,44(12):2652-2664.[Zou C N,Hou L H,Yang F,Yang C,Tao S Z,Yuan X K,Zhu R K.2014.Structure of weathered clastic crust and its petroleum potential.Science China-Earth Sciences,44(12):2652-2664]
Albina C,Prior D.1990.Coarse-grained deltas.New Jersey:Blackwell Scientific Publications,3-13.
Barrell J.1912.Criteria for the recognition of ancient delta deposits.Plos One,23(10):377-446.
Barrell J.1914a.The Upper Devonian delta of the Applachian geosyncline.Journal of Geology,24(1):180-191.
Barrell J.1914b.The strengh of the earth's crust.Journal of Geology,24(2):145-165.
Bluck B J.1965.The sedimentary history of some triassic conglomerates in the vale of glamorgan.South Wales.Sedimentology,4(3):225-245.
Bluck B J.1967.Deposition of some upper Old Red Sandstone conglomerates in the Clyde area:A study in the significance of bedding.Scottish Journal of Geology,3(2):139-167.
Browne G H,Slatt R M.2002.Outcrop and behind-outcrop characterization of a Late Miocene slope fan system,Mt.Messenger Formation,New Zealand.AAPG Bulletin,86(5):841-862.
Bull W B.1972.Recognition of alluvial-fan deposits in the stratigraphic record.The Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,Special Publication,16:63-83.
Cant D J,Ethier V G.1984.Lithology-dependent diagenetic control of reservoir properties of conglomerates,Falher Member,Elmworth Field,Alberta.Am.Assoc.Pet.Geol.Bull.;(United States),68(8):1044-1054.
Clarke L,Quine T A,Nicholas A.2010.An experimental investigation of autogenic behaviour during alluvial fan evolution.Geomorphology,115(3-4):278-285.
Clarke R H.1979.Reservoir properties of conglomerates and conglomertic sanstones.AAPG Bulletin,63(5):799-803.
Cox R,Gutmann E D,Hines P G.2002.Diagenetic origin for quartz-pebble conglomerates.Geology,30(30):323-326.
Denny C S.1965.Alluvial fans in the Death Valley region,California and Nevada.United States Government Printing Office,Washington.
Doherty P D,Soreghan G S,Castagna J P.2002.Outcrop-based reservoir characterization:A composite phylloid-algal mound,Western Orogrande Basin(New Mexico).AAPG Bulletin,86(5):779-795.
Einsele G.2000.Sedimentary Basins:Evolution,Facies,and Sediment Budget.Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Ethridge F.1984.Tectonic setting,recognition and hydrocarbon reservoir potential of fan-delta deposits.Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates.Canada Sociel Petroleum Gelogy Mem:10.
Folk R L.1980.Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks.Hemphill,21(8):714-727.
Gilbert G K.1885.The topographic features of lake shores.US Government Printing Office.Us Geol Surv Ann Rept,34(873):269-270.
Gole C V,Chitale S V.1966.Inland delta building(sic)activity of the Kosi River.Journal of the Hydraulics Division,92(2):111-126.
Grabau A W.1913.Scientific Books:Principles of stratigraphy.Science,40(1021):135-139.
Griffith L A,Oliver T A.1981.Depositional environment and conglomerate diagenesis of the Cardium formation,Ferrier Field,Alberta.Geology&Geophysics University of Calgary:43-44.
Harvey A M,Mather A E,Stokes M R.2005.Alluvial Fans:Geomorphology,Sedimentology,Dynamics.Geological Society London Special Publications,251(1):1-7.
Heward A P.1978.Alluvial fan sequence and mega sequence models:With examples from Westphalian D-Stephanian B coalfields,Northern Spain.In:Miall(ed).Fluvial Sedimentology:669-702.
Holmes A.1965.Principles of Physical Geology.London:Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.
Koster E H,Steel R J.1984.Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates.Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists.
Major J J.1997.Depositional Processes in Large-Scale Debris-Flow Experiments.Journal of Geology,105(3):345-366.
Miall A D.1977.A review of the braided-river depositional environment.Earth Science Reviews,13(1):1-62.
Miall A D.1985.Architectural element analysis:A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits.Earth Science Reviews,22(4):261-308.
Miall A D.1988.Facies architecture in clastic sedimentary basins.New perspectives in basin analysis.Springer New York.
Middleton G V.1973.Sediment gravity flows:Mechanics of flow and deposition.Tarbidites and Deep-water sedimentation:1-38.
Nemec W.1990.Aspects of sediment movement on steep delta slopes.In:Albina Colella,Prior D(eds).Coarse-grained deltas.America:Blackwell Scientific Publications,29-73.
Nemec W,Steel R J.1984.Alluvial and costal conglomerates:Their significant features and some comments on gravelly mass-flow deposits in sedimentology of gravels and conglomerates,Canadian:Society of Petroleum Geologist:1-31.
Nemec W,Steel R J.1988.Fan deltas:Sedimentology and Tectonic Settings.Blackie,Canadian:5-27.
Reading H G,Richards M.1994.Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system.AAPG Bulletin,78(5):792-822.
Rogers J P.2007.New reservoir model from an old oil field:Garfield conglomerate pool,Pawnee County,Kansas.AAPG Bulletin,91(10):1349-1365.
Shanmugam G.2006.Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models:Implications for Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs:Implications for Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs.Elsevier.
Spearing D R.1974.Summary sheets of sedimentary deposits with bibliographies.Mc-8.Geo.Soc.Am,7 sheets,Boulder.
Tan C P,Yu X H,Liu B B,Qu J H,Zhang L,Huang D J.2017.Conglomerate categories in coarse-grained deltas and their controls on hydrocarbon reservoir distribution:A case study of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation,Mahu Depression,NW China.Petroleum Geoscience,5(9):403-414.
Walker R G.1975.Generalized facies models for resedimented conglomerates of turbidite association.Geol Soc Am Bull,86(6):737-748.
Walker R G.1978.Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarine fans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps.AAPG Bulletin,62(5):239-263.
Walther J.1894.Einleitung in die Geologie als historische Wissenschaft.The Journal of Geology,2(8):856-860.
Wentworth C K.1922.A Scale of Grade and Class Terms for Clastic Sediments.Journal of Geology,30(5):377-392.
Wescott W A,Ethridge F G.1990.Fan deltas-alluvial fans in coastal settings.In:Rachochi A H,Church M(eds).Alluvial Fans:A Field Approach.Chichester:Wiley,195-221.
戴启德,纪友亮.1996.油气储集层地质学.北京:石油工业出版社.[Dai Q D,Ji Y L.1996.Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press]
方世虎,宋岩,贾承造,徐怀民,刘楼军,张建.2006.准噶尔盆地白垩系底砾岩与油气成藏的关系.天然气工业,26(5):13-16.[Fang S H,Song Y,Jia C Z,Xu H M,Liu L J,Zhang J.2006.Relationship between cretaceous basal conglomerate and Oil/Gas reservoiring in the Junggar Basin.Natural Gas Industry,26(5):13-16]
付建伟,罗兴平,王贵文,潘拓,赵显令,李洪楠,齐兴华.2014.砂砾岩岩相测井识别方法研究.石油化工高等学校学报,27(2):69-73.[Fu J W,Luo X P,Wang G W,Pan T,Zhao X L,Li H N,Qi X H.2014.Research of identification method of glutenite lithofacies with well log.Journal of Petrochemical Universities,27(2):69-73]
宫清顺,黄革萍,倪国辉,孟祥超,丁梁波.2010.准噶尔盆地乌尔禾油田百口泉组冲积扇沉积特征及油气勘探意义.沉积学报,28(6):1135-1144.[Gong Q S,Huang G P,Ni G H,Meng X C,Ding L B.2010.Characteristics of alluvial fan in Baikouquan Formation of Wuerhe oil field in Junggar Basin and petroleum prospecting significance.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,28(6):1135-1144]
宫清顺,寿建峰,黄革萍,李森明,王艳清.2012.柴达木盆地昆北油田路乐河组辫状三角洲沉积特征.地质科学,47(1):116-128.[Gong Q S,Shou J F,Huang G P,Li S M,Wang Y Q.2012.Sedimentary characteristic of braided delta in Lulehe Formation of Kunbei oilfield in Qaidam Basin.Chinese Journal of Geology,47(1):116-128]
顾家裕,郭彬程,张兴阳.2005.中国陆相盆地层序地层格架及模式.石油勘探与开发,32(5):11-15.[Gu J Y,Guo B C,Zhang X Y.2005.Sequence stratigraphic framework and model of the continental basins in China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,32(5):11-15]
顾家裕,何斌.1994.塔里木盆地轮南地区三叠系扇三角洲沉积与储集层研究.沉积学报,12(2):54-62.[Gu J Y,He B.1994.Study on Triassic Fan Delta Sedimention and Reservoir in Lunnan Area,Tarim basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,12(2):54-62]
顾家裕,张兴阳.2005.中国西部陆内前陆盆地沉积特征与层序格架.沉积学报,23(2):187-193.[Gu J Y,Zhang X Y.2005.Sedimentary Characteristics and Sequence Framework of Intracontinental Foreland Basin in the Western China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,23(2):187-193]
何云超,张崇瑞.2017.新疆准噶尔盆地发现世界储量最大的砾岩油田.中国地质,44(6):1174-1174.[He Y C,Zhang C R.2017.The world's largest conglomerate oil field discovered in Junggar Basin,Xinjiang.Geology in China,44(6):1174-1174]
胡见义,徐树宝,童晓光.1986.渤海湾盆地复式油气聚集区(带)的形成和分布.石油勘探与开发,(1):5-12.[Hu J Y,Xu S B,Tong X G.1986.Formation and distribution of complex petroleum accumulation zones in Bohaiwan Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,(1):5-12]
贾爱林,何东博,何文祥,张传祿,郭建林.2003.应用露头知识库进行油田井间储集层预测.石油学报,24(6):51-53,58.[Jia AL,He D B,He W X,Zhang C L,Guo J L.2003.Application of outcrop geological knowledge database to prediction of inter-well reservoir in oilfield.Acta Petrolei Sinica,24(6):51-53,58]
贾爱林,穆龙新,陈亮,黄石岩.2000.扇三角洲储集层露头精细研究方法.石油学报,21(4):105-108.[Jia A L,Mu L X,Chen L,Huang S Y.2000.Approach for detailed study of reservoir outcrop.Acta Petrolei Sinica,21(4):105-108]
孔凡仙.2000.东营凹陷北带砂砾岩扇体勘探技术与实践.石油学报,21(5):27-31.[Kong F X.2000.Exploration technique and practice of sandy-conglomeratic fans in the northern part of Dongying depression.Acta Petrolei Sinica,21(5):27-31]
匡立春,吕焕通,齐雪峰,唐勇,张鑫.2005.准噶尔盆地岩性油气藏勘探成果和方向.石油勘探与开发,32(6):32-37.[Kuang LC,LüH T,Qi X F,Tang Y,Zhang X.2005.Exploration and targets for lithologic reservoirs in Junggar Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,32(6):32-37]
匡立春,唐勇,雷德文,吴涛,瞿建华.2014.准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷斜坡区三叠系百口泉组扇控大面积岩性油藏勘探实践.中国石油勘探,19(6):14-23.[Kuang L C,Tang Y,Lei D W,Wu T,Qu JH.2014.Exploration of fan-controlled large-area lithologic oil reservoirs of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in slope zone of Mahu Depression in Junggar Basin.China Petroleum Exploration,19(6):14-23]
梁星如,罗永胜,杜新江,熊东方.2009.兴9砾岩体的分布预测及气藏评价研究.岩性油气藏,21(3):82-85.[Liang X R,Luo Y S,Du X J,Xiong D F.2009.Distribution prediction and gas reservoir evaluation of Xing 9 conglomerate body.Lithologic Reservoirs,21(3):82-85]
林松辉,王华,王兴谋,姜秀清,张桂霞.2005.断陷盆地陡坡带砂砾岩扇体地震反射特征:以东营凹陷为例.地质科技情报,24(4):55-59.[Lin S H,Wang Hua,Wang X M,Jiang X Q,Zhang G X.2005.Seismic reflection feature of glutenite fan in abrupt slope zone of Rift-subsidence lake Basin:A case in Dongying depression.Geological Science and Technology Information,24(4):55-59].
刘太勋,徐怀民,尚建林,王勇.2006.准噶尔盆地冲积扇储集层流动单元研究.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),21(6):24-27.[Liu T X,Xu H M,Shang J L,Wang Y.2006.Study on the flow units of alluvial fan reservoir in Zhungger Basin.Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),21(6):24-27]
罗平,邓恂康,罗蛰潭.1986.克拉玛依油田八区下乌尔禾组砾岩的成岩变化及对储集层的影响.石油与天然气地质,(01):42-50[Luo P,Deng X K,Luo Z T.1986.Diagenesis of the lower Wuerhe conglomerate in Karamay oil field and its effect on reservoir properties.Oil&Gas Geology,(01):42-50]
罗兴平,苏东旭,王振林,王刚.2017.核磁共振测井在低阻油层评价中的应用:以准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡头屯河组为例.新疆石油地质,38(4):470-476.[Luo X P,Su D X,Wang Z L,Wang G.2017.Application of NMR Logging in Low-Resistivity Reservoir E-valuation:A Case Study of Toutunhe Formation on the Eastern Fukang Slope,Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,38(4):470-476]
潘元林,宗国洪,郭玉新,姜秀芳,卓勤功.2003.济阳断陷湖盆层序地层学及砂砾岩油气藏群.石油学报,24(3):16-23.[Pan YL,Zong G H,Guo Y X,Jiang X F,Zhuo Q G.2003.Terrestrial sequence stratigraphy and lithological deposit group of sandstone in Jiyang faulted lacustrine basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,24(3):16-23]
裘亦楠,许仕策,肖敬修.1985.沉积方式与碎屑岩储集层的层内非均质性.石油学报,6(1):22-28.[Qiu Y N,Xu S C,Xiao J X.1985.Deposition pattern and in-layer heterogeneity of clastic reservoirs.Acta Petrolei Sinica,6(1):22-28]
裘怿楠.1991.储集层地质模型.石油学报,12(4):55-62.[Qiu YN.1991.Geological models of petroleum reservoir.Acta Petrolei Sinica,12(4):55-62]
裘怿楠.1997.裘怿楠石油开发地质文集.北京:石油工业出版社.[Qiu Y N.1997.A Collection of Petroleum Development Geology works of Qiu Yinan.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press]
邵雨,李学义,于兴河,瞿建华,阿布力米提·依明,鲍海娟,等.2015.玛湖凹陷百口泉组粗粒三角洲成因机制与展布规律.北京:科学出版社.[Shao Y,Li X Y,Yu X H,Qu J H,Abulimit·lmin,Bao H J,et al.2015.Sedimentary Genesis and Distribution of the Coarse-grained Delta of Baikouquan Formation,Mahu Depression.Beijing:Science Press]
申本科,赵红兵,崔文富,郭震海,李军,王雁刚.2012.砂砾岩储集层测井评价研究.地球物理学进展,27(3):1051-1058.[Shen BK,Zhao H B,Cui W F,Guo Z H,Li J,Wang Y G.2012.Sandy coglomerate reservoir logging evaluation study.Progress in Geophysics,27(3):1051-1058]
隋风贵.2003.断陷湖盆陡坡带砂砾岩扇体成藏动力学特征:以东营凹陷为例.石油与天然气地质,(4):335-340.[Sui F G.2003.Characteristics of reservoiring dynamic on the sand-coglomerate fanbodies in the steep-slope belt of continental fault basin:A case study on Dongying depression.Oil&Gas Geology,(4):335-340]
孙海宁,王洪宝,欧浩文,张世荣.2007.砂砾岩储集层地震预测技术.天然气工业,27(S1):397-398.[Sun H N,Wang H B,Ou H W,Zhang S R.Seismic prediction techniques of the sand-conglomerate reservoirs.Natural Gas Industry,27(S1):397-398]
孙永传.1980.水下冲积扇:一个找油的新领域.科学通报,25(17):799-801.[Sun Y C.1980.Subaqueous alluvial fan:A new field of oil exploration.Chinese Science Bulletin,25(17):799-801]
唐勇,徐洋,瞿建华,孟祥超,邹志文.2014.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲群特征及分布.新疆石油地质,35(6):628-635.[Tang Y,Xu Y,Qu J H,Meng X C,Zou Z W.2014.Fan-delta group characteristics and its distribution of the Triassic Baikouquan Reservoirs in Mahu Sag of Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,35(6):628-635]
田景春,陈洪德,覃建雄,侯明才,赵俊兴.2003.层序底界面的物质表现形式:以中国南方海相震旦系-中三叠统为例.沉积学报,21(4):675-682.[Tian J C,Chen H D,Qin J X,Hou M C,Zhao JX.2003.The apparent types of sequence bottom boundary surface:Taking marine Sinian system to middle Triassic series in south China as an example.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,21(4):675-682]
万欢,黄文辉,王华军.2012.东营凹陷北部陡坡带沙河街组四段砂砾岩成岩作用.特种油气藏,19(3):39-42.[Wang H,Huang W H,Wang H J.2012.Diagenesis of sand conglomerate in shahejie formation,steep slope belt,north dongying sag.Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,19(3):39-42]
王贵文,郭荣坤.2015.测井地质学.石油工业出版社.[Wang G W,Guo R K.2015.Well Logging Geology.Petroleum Industry Press]
王维红,郭雪豹,石颖,刘诗竹.2015.VSP逆时偏移及其存储策略研究.石油地球物理勘探,50(1):77-83.[Wang W H,Guo X B,Shi Y,Liu S Z.2015.Research on VSP reverse time migration and its storage strategy.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,50(1):77-83]
蔚远江,李德生,胡素云,雷振宇,何登发.2007.准噶尔盆地西北缘扇体形成演化与扇体油气藏勘探.地球学报,28(1):62-71.[Yu Y J,Li D S,Hu S Y,Lei Z Y,He D F.2007.Fans sedimentation and exploration direction of fan hydrocarbon reservoirs in foreland thrust belt of the northwestern Junggar basin.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,28(1):62-71]
闫长辉,王安,严曙梅,刘惠明,王永诗.2010.砂砾岩扇体成藏过程的定量化分析:以东营凹陷胜坨油田为例.油气地质与采收率,17(1):9-11.[Yan C H,Wang A,Yan S M,Liu H M,Wang Y S.2010.Quantitative analysis on the hydrocarbon accumulation process of the glutenite fan:A case study of Shengtuo Oilfield,Dongying Depression.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,17(1):9-11]
印森林,刘忠保,陈燕辉,吴小军.2017.冲积扇研究现状及沉积模拟实验:以碎屑流和辫状河共同控制的冲积扇为例.沉积学报,35(1):10-23.[Yin S L,Liu Z B,Chen Y H,Wu X J.2017.Research progress and sedimentation experiment simulation about alluvial fan:A case study on alluvial fan controlled by debris and braided river.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,35(1):10-23]
于兴河,瞿建华,谭程鹏,张磊,李晓璐,高照普.2014.玛湖凹陷百口泉组扇三角洲砾岩岩相及成因模式.新疆石油地质,35(6):619-627.[Yu X H,Qu J H,Tan C P.Zhang L,Li X L,Gao Z P.2014.Conglomerate lithofacies and origin models of fan deltas of Baikouquan formation in Mahu sag,Junggar basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,35(6):619-627]
于兴河,王德发,郑浚茂.1992.华北地区二叠系岩相组合类型、剖面特点及沉积体系.沉积学报,10(1):27-35.[Yu X H,Wang DF,Zheng J M.1992.Lithofacies association types or sequences and depositional system of Permian sandstones in north China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,10(1):27-35]
于兴河,李胜利,李顺利.2013.三角洲沉积的结构:成因分类与编图方法.沉积学报,31(5):782-797.[Yu X H,Li S L,Li S L.2013.Texture-genetic classifications and mapping methods for deltaic deposits.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(5):782-797]
于兴河,王德发,孙志华.1995.湖泊辫状河三角洲岩相、层序特征及储集层地质模型:内蒙古岱海湖现代三角洲沉积考察.沉积学报,13(1):48-58.[Yu X H,Wang D F,Sun Z H.1995.Lithofacies types、vertical profile features and reservoir geological models of braided deltaic sandbodies in faulted lake basin:The observation on deposition of modern deltas in Daihai Lake,Inner Mongolia.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,13(1):48-58]
于兴河.2002.碎屑岩系油气储集层沉积学.北京:石油工业出版社.[Yu X H.2002.Sedimentology of oil and gas reservoirs in clastic rocks.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press]
于兴河.2008.油气储集层表征与随机建模的发展历程及展望.地学前缘,15(1):1-15.[Yu X H.2008.A Review of development course and prospect of petroleum reservoir characterization and stochastic modeling.Earth Science Frontiers,15(1):1-15]
余素玉.1984.砾岩和角砾岩的组分-成因分类.地质科技情报,(3):41-44.[Yu S Y.1984.Conglomerate and breccia components-genetic classification.Geological Science and Technology Information,(3):41-44]
张纪易.1985.粗碎屑洪积扇的某些沉积特征和微相划分.沉积学报,3(3):74-85.[Zhang J Y.1985.Some depositional characteristics and microfacies subdivision of coarse clastic alluvial fans.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,3(3):74-85]
张年富,齐雪峰,王英民,刘豪.2002.准噶尔盆地侏罗系Ⅲ层序底界上下砂体预测与有利区评价.石油与天然气地质,23(2):145-149.[Zhang N F,Qi X F,Wang Y M,Liu H.2002.Prediction of upper and down sandbodies in the bottom boundary ofⅢsequence of Jurassic in Junggar basin and evaluation of favourable areas.Oil&Gas Geology,23(2):145-149]
张生,黄捍东,王星星,张金伟,李金奎.2018.车西洼陷西北陡坡沙三下亚段地震相控反演砂砾岩储集层预测.地学前缘,(2):210-220.[Zhang S,Huang H D,Wang X X,Zhang J W,Li J K.2018.Prediction of sand-conglomerate reservoirs via seismic facies controlled inversion in the Lower Es-3 of the northern steep slope of the Chexi Sag.Earth Science Frontiers,(2):210-220]
张顺存,丁超,何维国,张大勇,史基安,张杰.2011.准噶尔盆地西北缘乌尔禾鼻隆中下三叠统沉积相特征.沉积与特提斯地质,31(2):17-25.[Zhang X C,Ding C,He W G,Zhang D Y,Shi JA,Zhang J.2011.Middle and lower Triassic sedimentary facies within the Urho uplift on the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin.Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,31(2):17-25]
张顺存,刘振宇,刘巍,吴涛,史基安,贾凡建.2010.准噶尔盆地西北缘克-百断裂下盘二叠系砂砾岩储集层成岩相研究.岩性油气藏,22(4):43-51.[Zhang S C,Liu Z Y,Liu W,Wu T Shi J A,Jia F J.2010.Diagenesis facies of Permian sandy conglomerate reservoir in footwall of Kebai fault in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,22(4):43-51]
赵澄林.1992.东濮凹陷下第三系碎屑岩沉积体系与成岩作用.北京:石油工业出版社.[Zhao C L.1992.Sedimentary system and diagenesis of the Lower Tertiary clastic rocks in the Dongpu Depression.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press]
赵立旻,陈振岩,陈永成.2007.多参数岩性地震反演在大民屯凹陷三台子洼陷砂砾岩储集层预测中的运用.中国石油勘探,12(4):53-55.[Zhao L M,Chen Z Y,Chen Y C.2007.Application of multi-parameter lithologic seismic inversion to predict glutenite reservoirs in Santaizi subsag of Damintun Sag.China Petroleum exploration,12(4):53-55].
支东明,唐勇,郑孟林,郭文建,吴涛,邹志文.2018.玛湖凹陷源上砾岩大油区形成分布与勘探实践.新疆石油地质,39(1):1-8.[Zhi D M,Tang Y,Zheng M L,Guo W J,Wu T,Zou Z W.2018.Discovery,distribution and exploration practice of large oil provinces of above-source conglomerate in Mahu Sag.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,39(1):1-8]
邹才能.2011.非常规油气地质.北京:地质出版社.[Zou C N.2011.Unconventional oil and gas geology.Beijing:Geological Press]
邹才能,侯连华,杨帆,杨春,陶士振,袁选凯,朱如凯.2014.碎屑岩风化壳结构及油气地质意义.中国科学-地球科学,44(12):2652-2664.[Zou C N,Hou L H,Yang F,Yang C,Tao S Z,Yuan X K,Zhu R K.2014.Structure of weathered clastic crust and its petroleum potential.Science China-Earth Sciences,44(12):2652-2664]
Albina C,Prior D.1990.Coarse-grained deltas.New Jersey:Blackwell Scientific Publications,3-13.
Barrell J.1912.Criteria for the recognition of ancient delta deposits.Plos One,23(10):377-446.
Barrell J.1914a.The Upper Devonian delta of the Applachian geosyncline.Journal of Geology,24(1):180-191.
Barrell J.1914b.The strengh of the earth's crust.Journal of Geology,24(2):145-165.
Bluck B J.1965.The sedimentary history of some triassic conglomerates in the vale of glamorgan.South Wales.Sedimentology,4(3):225-245.
Bluck B J.1967.Deposition of some upper Old Red Sandstone conglomerates in the Clyde area:A study in the significance of bedding.Scottish Journal of Geology,3(2):139-167.
Browne G H,Slatt R M.2002.Outcrop and behind-outcrop characterization of a Late Miocene slope fan system,Mt.Messenger Formation,New Zealand.AAPG Bulletin,86(5):841-862.
Bull W B.1972.Recognition of alluvial-fan deposits in the stratigraphic record.The Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists,Special Publication,16:63-83.
Cant D J,Ethier V G.1984.Lithology-dependent diagenetic control of reservoir properties of conglomerates,Falher Member,Elmworth Field,Alberta.Am.Assoc.Pet.Geol.Bull.;(United States),68(8):1044-1054.
Clarke L,Quine T A,Nicholas A.2010.An experimental investigation of autogenic behaviour during alluvial fan evolution.Geomorphology,115(3-4):278-285.
Clarke R H.1979.Reservoir properties of conglomerates and conglomertic sanstones.AAPG Bulletin,63(5):799-803.
Cox R,Gutmann E D,Hines P G.2002.Diagenetic origin for quartz-pebble conglomerates.Geology,30(30):323-326.
Denny C S.1965.Alluvial fans in the Death Valley region,California and Nevada.United States Government Printing Office,Washington.
Doherty P D,Soreghan G S,Castagna J P.2002.Outcrop-based reservoir characterization:A composite phylloid-algal mound,Western Orogrande Basin(New Mexico).AAPG Bulletin,86(5):779-795.
Einsele G.2000.Sedimentary Basins:Evolution,Facies,and Sediment Budget.Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Ethridge F.1984.Tectonic setting,recognition and hydrocarbon reservoir potential of fan-delta deposits.Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates.Canada Sociel Petroleum Gelogy Mem:10.
Folk R L.1980.Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks.Hemphill,21(8):714-727.
Gilbert G K.1885.The topographic features of lake shores.US Government Printing Office.Us Geol Surv Ann Rept,34(873):269-270.
Gole C V,Chitale S V.1966.Inland delta building(sic)activity of the Kosi River.Journal of the Hydraulics Division,92(2):111-126.
Grabau A W.1913.Scientific Books:Principles of stratigraphy.Science,40(1021):135-139.
Griffith L A,Oliver T A.1981.Depositional environment and conglomerate diagenesis of the Cardium formation,Ferrier Field,Alberta.Geology&Geophysics University of Calgary:43-44.
Harvey A M,Mather A E,Stokes M R.2005.Alluvial Fans:Geomorphology,Sedimentology,Dynamics.Geological Society London Special Publications,251(1):1-7.
Heward A P.1978.Alluvial fan sequence and mega sequence models:With examples from Westphalian D-Stephanian B coalfields,Northern Spain.In:Miall(ed).Fluvial Sedimentology:669-702.
Holmes A.1965.Principles of Physical Geology.London:Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.
Koster E H,Steel R J.1984.Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates.Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists.
Major J J.1997.Depositional Processes in Large-Scale Debris-Flow Experiments.Journal of Geology,105(3):345-366.
Miall A D.1977.A review of the braided-river depositional environment.Earth Science Reviews,13(1):1-62.
Miall A D.1985.Architectural element analysis:A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits.Earth Science Reviews,22(4):261-308.
Miall A D.1988.Facies architecture in clastic sedimentary basins.New perspectives in basin analysis.Springer New York.
Middleton G V.1973.Sediment gravity flows:Mechanics of flow and deposition.Tarbidites and Deep-water sedimentation:1-38.
Nemec W.1990.Aspects of sediment movement on steep delta slopes.In:Albina Colella,Prior D(eds).Coarse-grained deltas.America:Blackwell Scientific Publications,29-73.
Nemec W,Steel R J.1984.Alluvial and costal conglomerates:Their significant features and some comments on gravelly mass-flow deposits in sedimentology of gravels and conglomerates,Canadian:Society of Petroleum Geologist:1-31.
Nemec W,Steel R J.1988.Fan deltas:Sedimentology and Tectonic Settings.Blackie,Canadian:5-27.
Reading H G,Richards M.1994.Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system.AAPG Bulletin,78(5):792-822.
Rogers J P.2007.New reservoir model from an old oil field:Garfield conglomerate pool,Pawnee County,Kansas.AAPG Bulletin,91(10):1349-1365.
Shanmugam G.2006.Deep-Water Processes and Facies Models:Implications for Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs:Implications for Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs.Elsevier.
Spearing D R.1974.Summary sheets of sedimentary deposits with bibliographies.Mc-8.Geo.Soc.Am,7 sheets,Boulder.
Tan C P,Yu X H,Liu B B,Qu J H,Zhang L,Huang D J.2017.Conglomerate categories in coarse-grained deltas and their controls on hydrocarbon reservoir distribution:A case study of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation,Mahu Depression,NW China.Petroleum Geoscience,5(9):403-414.
Walker R G.1975.Generalized facies models for resedimented conglomerates of turbidite association.Geol Soc Am Bull,86(6):737-748.
Walker R G.1978.Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarine fans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps.AAPG Bulletin,62(5):239-263.
Walther J.1894.Einleitung in die Geologie als historische Wissenschaft.The Journal of Geology,2(8):856-860.
Wentworth C K.1922.A Scale of Grade and Class Terms for Clastic Sediments.Journal of Geology,30(5):377-392.
Wescott W A,Ethridge F G.1990.Fan deltas-alluvial fans in coastal settings.In:Rachochi A H,Church M(eds).Alluvial Fans:A Field Approach.Chichester:Wiley,195-221.