基于叶绿素荧光探讨链霉素对念珠藻生长及光合毒性效应
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摘要
为了探究不同浓度链霉素对念珠藻生长和光合的毒性效应,研究对不同浓度(0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.5和1.0 mg/L)链霉素处理下念珠藻的生长、叶绿素荧光进行了测定。结果发现,培养至96h,链霉素对念珠藻的EC_(50)(96h-EC_(50))为(0.13±0.037) mg/L。与对照组相比,各链霉素浓度处理下叶绿素a的含量显著降低。最大光化学效率(φP_0)、可变荧光(F_v)、PSⅡ的潜在活性(F_v/F_0)、单位面积上有活性的反应中心(RC/CS0)、以吸收光能为基础的性能指数(PIabs)及反应中心吸收的光能用于电子传递的量子产额(φE_0)均随着链霉素浓度的升高而降低。然而,单位叶绿素最大荧光(F_m/Chl. a)、每个有活性的反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)和热耗散(DI_0/RC)则随着链霉素浓度的升高而增加。当链霉素浓度大于0.1 mg/L时,叶绿素荧光动力学曲线出现K点的出现。结果表明链霉素可能通过抑制光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的电子传递和减少有活性的反应中心来影响念珠藻的生长,也暗示了高浓度链霉素对藻类的生长具有抑制作用。
To explore the toxic effects of streptomycin, the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured in Nostoc treated with different concentrations(0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50 and 1 mg/L) of streptomycin. The results indicated that the EC_(50) of streptomycin to Nostoc(96 h-EC_(50)) was(0.13±0.037) mg/L at the 96 h. Streptomycin significantly decreased the content of chlorophyll a at all concentrations. In a concentration-dependent pattern, streptomycin significantly reduced the maximum photochemical efficiency(φP_0), variable fluorescence(Fv), potential activity of PSⅡ(F_v/F_0), active reaction center per unit area(RC/CS_0), the performance index based on absorbed light energy(PIabs)and the quantum energy yield of the light energy absorbed by the reaction center for electron transfer(φE_0). However,Streptomycin significantly increased the maximum fluorescence relative to chlorophyll a(Fm/Chl. a), the light energy absorbed by each active reaction center(ABS/RC) and heat dissipation(DI_0/RC) in a concentration-dependent pattern.A K-point at chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curve was found when the concentration is greater than 0.1 mg/L.These results suggest that streptomycin might affect the growth of Nostoc by inhibiting the electron transport of photosynthetic system Ⅱ(PSⅡ) and reducing active reaction centers, and that high concentrations of streptomycin showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of algae.
To explore the toxic effects of streptomycin, the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured in Nostoc treated with different concentrations(0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50 and 1 mg/L) of streptomycin. The results indicated that the EC_(50) of streptomycin to Nostoc(96 h-EC_(50)) was(0.13±0.037) mg/L at the 96 h. Streptomycin significantly decreased the content of chlorophyll a at all concentrations. In a concentration-dependent pattern, streptomycin significantly reduced the maximum photochemical efficiency(φP_0), variable fluorescence(Fv), potential activity of PSⅡ(F_v/F_0), active reaction center per unit area(RC/CS_0), the performance index based on absorbed light energy(PIabs)and the quantum energy yield of the light energy absorbed by the reaction center for electron transfer(φE_0). However,Streptomycin significantly increased the maximum fluorescence relative to chlorophyll a(Fm/Chl. a), the light energy absorbed by each active reaction center(ABS/RC) and heat dissipation(DI_0/RC) in a concentration-dependent pattern.A K-point at chlorophyll a fluorescence transient curve was found when the concentration is greater than 0.1 mg/L.These results suggest that streptomycin might affect the growth of Nostoc by inhibiting the electron transport of photosynthetic system Ⅱ(PSⅡ) and reducing active reaction centers, and that high concentrations of streptomycin showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of algae.
引文
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[31]Platt T,Gallegos C L,Harrison W G.Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in natural assemblages of marine phytoplankton[J].Journal of Marine Research,1981,38(4):687-701
[32]Appenroth K J,St?ckel J,Srivastava A,et al.Multiple effects of chromate on the photosynthetic apparatus of Spirodela polyrhiza as probed by OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements[J].Environmental Pollution,2001,115(1):49-64
[2]Sarmah A K,Meyer M T,Boxall A.A global perspective on the use,sales,exposure pathways,occurrence,fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics(VAs)in the environment[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(5):725-759
[3]Gavrilescu M,DemnerováK,Aamand J,et al.Emerging pollutants in the environment:present and future challenges in biomonitoring,ecological risks and bioremediation[J].New Biotechnology,2015,32(1):147-156
[4]Liu J C,Lu G H,Yang X F,et al.Distribution,accumulation and ecotoxicological effects of antibiotics in water environment[J].Environmental Monitoring Management and Technology,2012,24(4):14-20[刘建超,陆光华,杨晓凡,等.水环境中抗生素的分布、累积及生态毒理效应.环境监测管理与技术,2012,24(4):14-20]
[5]Chang X,Meyer M T,Liu X,et al.Determination of antibiotics in sewage from hospitals,nursery and slaughter house,wastewater treatment plant and source water in Chongqing region of Three Gorge Reservoir in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(5):1444-1450
[6]Wei R,Ge F,Huang S,et al.Occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in animal wastewater and surface water around farms in Jiangsu Province,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,82(10):1408-1414
[7]Kümmerer K.Antibiotics in the aquatic environment-Areview-Part I[J].Chemosphere,2009,75(4):417-434
[8]Pelchovich G,Zhuravlev A,Gophna U.Effect of ribosome-targeting antibiotics on streptomycin-resistant Mycobacterium mutants in the rpsL gene[J].International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,2013,42(2):129-132
[9]Overbeek L S V,Wellington E M H,Egan S,et al.Prevalence of streptomycin-resistance genes in bacterial populations in European habitats[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2002,42(2):277-288
[10]Peralesvela H V,García R V,Gómezjuárez E A,et al.Streptomycin affects the growth and photochemical activity of the alga Chlorella vulgaris[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,132:311-317
[11]Shen H Y,Wu C H,Wang L X,et al.Effect of streptomycin wastewater on antioxidant enzymes and MDA content of Koi carps[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2013,20(6):65-68[沈洪艳,武晨虹,王丽新,等.链霉素废水对锦鲤鱼抗氧化酶及MDA含量的影响.安全与环境工程,2013,20(6):65-68]
[12]Wang L X.Study on oxidative stress induced by streptomycin wastewater in zebrafish and ecological risk assessment[D].Hebei University of Science and Technology.2014[王丽新.链霉素废水诱导斑马鱼氧化应激反应与生态风险评价研究.硕士学位论文,河北科技大学.2014]
[13]Qian H,Li J,Pan X,et al.Effects of streptomycin on growth of algae Chlorella vulgaris and Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Environmental Toxicology,2012,27(4):229-237
[14]Zhang L,Sang M,Li A F,et al.Effect of streptomycin on hydrogen production and growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa[J].Renewable Energy,2011,29(5):67-70[张磊,桑敏,李爱芬,等.链霉素对蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoidosa产氢及其生长的影响.可再生能源,2011,29(5):67-70]
[15]Strasser B J,Strasser R J.Measuring fast fluorescence transients to address environmental questions:The JIPtest.In:Mathis P(Eds.),Photosynthesis:from Light to Biosphere[C].Dordrecht:KAP Press.1995,977-980
[16]Ichimura T.Isolation and culture methods of algae.In:Nishizawa K,Chihara M(Eds.),Methods in Phycological Studies.Kyoritsu Shuppan,Tokyo[M].1979,294-305
[17]Cong H B,Huang T L,Zhou Z M,et al.A new method for testing algae chlorophyll[J].Water Supply and Drainage,2007,33(6):28-32[丛海兵,黄廷林,周真明,等.藻类叶绿素测试新方法.给水排水,2007,33(6):28-32]
[18]Xiang R,Shi J,Yu Y,et al.The effect of bisphenol a on growth,morphology,lipid peroxidation,antioxidant enzyme activity,and PSⅡin Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Scenedesmus quadricauda[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2018,74:515-526
[19]Liu R,Bai F,Ran X F,et al.Effects of N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamine on growth,antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic systemⅡof Cylindrospermpsis[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(4):774-781[刘瑞,白芳,冉小飞,等.N-苯基-2-萘胺对拟柱胞藻生长、抗氧化酶及光合系统Ⅱ的影响.水生生物学报,2015,39(4):774-781]
[20]Li P M,Gao H Y,Strasser R J.Application of fast chlorophyll fluorescence induced kinetics in photosynthesis research[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2005,31(6):559-566[李鹏民,高辉远,Strasser R J.快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学分析在光合作用研究中的应用.植物生理与分子生物学学报,2005,31(6):559-566]
[21]Daughton C G,Ternes T A.Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment:agents of subtle change[J].Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements,1999,107(Suppl.6)-907
[22]Freyssinet G.Changes in chloroplast ribosomal proteins in a streptomycin-resistant mutant of Euglena gracilis[J].Plant Science Letters,1975,5(5):305-311
[23]Reid M R,Skipper H E.Studies on the photosynthetic reaction.iii.The effects of various inhibitors upon growth and carbonate-fixation in Chlorella pyrenoidosa[J].Plant Physiology,1957,32(1):7-10
[24]Bj?rkman O.Responses to different quantum flux densities[J].Physiological Plant Ecology,1981,12/a:57-107
[25]Srivastava A,GuisséB,Greppin H,et al.Regulation of antenna structure and electron transport in Photosystem Ⅱof Pisum sativum,under elevated temperature probed by the fast polyphasic chlorophyll a,fluorescence transient:OKJIP[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Bioenergetics,1997,1320(1):95-106
[26]Strasser R J,Srivastava A,Tsimilli-Michael M A.The fluorescence transient as a tool to characterize and screen photosynthetic samples.In:Yunus M,Pathre U,Mohanty P(Eds.),Probing Photosynthesis:Mechanism,Regulation and Adaptation[C].London:Taylor and Francis Press.2000,445-483
[27]Strasser R J,Tsimillimichael M,Srivastava A.Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient.In:Papageorgiou G C,Govindjee(Eds).Chlorophyll a fluorescence.Advances in photosynthesis and respiration,vol 19[C],Springer,Dordrecht.2004,321-362
[28]Zhu H S,Xi C,Pan X L,et al.Effects of chloramphenicol on pigmentation,proline accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence of maize(Zea mays)seedlings[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2011,13(5):677-682
[29]Dou Y,Jiang Z F,Zhang W H,et al.Effects of AHLs on PSⅡphotochemistry activity and photosynthesis crucial enzymes of Chlorella vulgaris[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(3):629-636[窦勇,姜智飞,张文慧,等.AHLs对小球藻PSⅡ光化学活性与光合作用关键酶的影响.水生生物学报,2017,41(3):629-636]
[30]Strasser B J.Donor side capacity of PhotosystemⅡprobed by chlorophyll a fluorescence transients[J].Photosynthesis Research,1997,52(2):147-155
[31]Platt T,Gallegos C L,Harrison W G.Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in natural assemblages of marine phytoplankton[J].Journal of Marine Research,1981,38(4):687-701
[32]Appenroth K J,St?ckel J,Srivastava A,et al.Multiple effects of chromate on the photosynthetic apparatus of Spirodela polyrhiza as probed by OJIP chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements[J].Environmental Pollution,2001,115(1):49-64