BCC汉语语料库在英汉翻译教学中的应用
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摘要
鉴于国内翻译教学界对汉语语料库探讨不足,本研究探讨BCC汉语语料库在英汉翻译教学中的应用。该语料库具有数据海量、界面友好、使用免费等优势,可用于验证母语直觉,提高翻译能力。本研究通过真实的非文学翻译例证,说明汉语语料库可用于验证母语语感,提高术语准确性,找到合适的词汇搭配,并恰当运用专业通用词。研究总结了语料库驱动的翻译教学模式中母语语料库使用的教学策略和技巧,为翻译教学中语料库的应用开辟新途径。
Corpus translation studies(CTS)is a hot topic among linguists and teachers in China and is frequently cited as a sound basis for translation teaching.However,parallel corpora have received by far the greatest attention in translation teaching while relatively little attention is paid to Chinese monolingual corpora.Therefore,this study introduces the application of BCC(BLCU Corpus Center)Chinese corpus in English-Chinese translation teaching by case analyses of word choices in non-literary translation.BCC was chosen because of its huge data(15 billion words),free access and user-friendliness.Three sub-corpora,namely,the multi-field sub-corpus,the science and technology sub-corpus and the diachronic query sub-corpus were incorporated to provide corpus-driven evidence for translation.The first two sub-corpora are chosen for their synchronic representativeness of contemporary Chinese and are expected to yield quantitative language evidence to complement the language intuition of native Chinese speakers.The diachronic sub-corpus is chosen for its authoritativeness of diachronic data from People's Daily and is expected to validate neologism through language contact.This paper reveals that BCC can help native Chinese learners to verify their intuition of Chinese,improve the accuracy of terminology,choose the right words in collocation,and use the right General Words for Specific Purposes.This paper further establishes a BCC Chinese Corpus-driven model for translation teaching and introduces the teaching strategies and techniques,such as using authentic language materials,keeping learner journals and e-portfolios as well as classroom discussions.It is emphasized that learners should be taught to develop the habit of using corpus evidence in substantiating their language instincts so that they can actually improve their translation competence.The paper also envisions the integration of multiple corpora in translation teaching.
Corpus translation studies(CTS)is a hot topic among linguists and teachers in China and is frequently cited as a sound basis for translation teaching.However,parallel corpora have received by far the greatest attention in translation teaching while relatively little attention is paid to Chinese monolingual corpora.Therefore,this study introduces the application of BCC(BLCU Corpus Center)Chinese corpus in English-Chinese translation teaching by case analyses of word choices in non-literary translation.BCC was chosen because of its huge data(15 billion words),free access and user-friendliness.Three sub-corpora,namely,the multi-field sub-corpus,the science and technology sub-corpus and the diachronic query sub-corpus were incorporated to provide corpus-driven evidence for translation.The first two sub-corpora are chosen for their synchronic representativeness of contemporary Chinese and are expected to yield quantitative language evidence to complement the language intuition of native Chinese speakers.The diachronic sub-corpus is chosen for its authoritativeness of diachronic data from People's Daily and is expected to validate neologism through language contact.This paper reveals that BCC can help native Chinese learners to verify their intuition of Chinese,improve the accuracy of terminology,choose the right words in collocation,and use the right General Words for Specific Purposes.This paper further establishes a BCC Chinese Corpus-driven model for translation teaching and introduces the teaching strategies and techniques,such as using authentic language materials,keeping learner journals and e-portfolios as well as classroom discussions.It is emphasized that learners should be taught to develop the habit of using corpus evidence in substantiating their language instincts so that they can actually improve their translation competence.The paper also envisions the integration of multiple corpora in translation teaching.
引文
Bernardini,S.2003.“Designing a corpus for translation and language teaching:The CEXI experience”.TESOLQuarterly 37/3.pp.528-537.
Bowker,L.1998.“Using specialized monolingual nativelanguage corpora as a translation resource:A pilot study”.Meta 43/4.pp.631-651.
Bowker,L.&J.Pearson.2002.Working with Specialized Text:A Practical Guide to Using Corpora.London:Routledge.
Hassani,G.2011.“A Corpus-based evaluation approach to translation improvement”.Meta 56/2.pp.351-373.
Kübler,N.2003.“Corpora and LSP translation”.In F.Zanettin,S.Bernadini&D.Stewart(eds.).Corpora in Translator Education.Manchester:St.Jerome.pp.25-42.
Pearson,J.2003.“Using parallel texts in translator training environment”.In F.Zanettin,S.Bernadini&D.Stewart(eds.).Corpora in Translator Education.Manchester:St.Jerome.pp.15-24.
Varantola,K.2003.“Translators and disposable corpora”.In F.Zanettin,S.Bernadini&D.Stewart(eds.).Corpora in Translator Education.Manchester:St.Jerome.pp.55-70.
Zanettin,F.2002.“DIY corpora:The WWW and the translator”.In B.Maia,J.Haller&M.Ulrych(eds.).Training the Language Services Provider for the New Millennium.Porto:Faculdade de Letras,Universidade do Porto.pp.239-248.
Zanettin,F.2014.Translation-driven Corpora:Corpus Resources for Descriptive and Applied Translation Studies.London&New York:Routledge.
管新潮、陶友兰,2017,《语料库与翻译》,上海:复旦大学出版社。
胡开宝、毛鹏飞,2012,国外语料库翻译学研究述评,《当代语言学》第4期,380-395。
胡开宝,2011,《语料库翻译学概论》,上海:上海交通大学出版社。
李长栓,2009,《非文学翻译》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社。
刘泽权、刘鼎甲,2011,基于语料库的翻译教学与学习者译本评析初探,《中国外语》第5期,48-56。
穆雷、刘康龙,2007,《语料库与译者培养》导读,扎内廷(Zanettin,F)(eds.),《语料库与译者培养》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社。
倪传斌、刘治,2005,语料库数据驱动技术在科技翻译教学中的应用,《中国科技翻译》第4期,22-25。
瞿湘,云翻译的基础-语料库,http://www.sstts.org.cn/news_post.aspx?id=1492&mid=News_XHDT(2015-8-12)。
王峰,2012,信息环境下自主翻译学习的界定、发展与生态位,《外语教学理论与实践》第2期,89-95。
王克非、秦洪武,2011,双语对应语料库的翻译辅助功能探讨,《中国英语教育》第4期,1-7。
王克非,2012,《语料库翻译学探索》,上海:上海交通大学出版社。
武光军,2010,基于语料库的汉译英中的搭配教学,《中国外语》第4期,53-59。
荀恩东、饶高琦、肖晓悦、臧娇娇,2016,大数据背景下BCC语料库的研制,《语料库语言学》第1期,93-118。
荀恩东、饶高琦、谢佳莉、黄志娥,2015,现代汉语词汇历时检索系统的建设与应用,《中文信息学报》第3期,169-176。
中国社会科学院语言研究所词典室,2012,《现代汉语词典》(第6版),北京:商务印书馆。
朱晓敏,2011,基于COCA语料库和CCL语料库的翻译教学探索,《外语教学理论与实践》第1期,32-37。
朱一凡、王金波、杨小虎,2016,语料库与译者培养:探索与展望,《外语教学》第4期,91-95。
(1)见BCC语料库使用帮助页面http://bcc.blcu.edu.cn/help#intro。
(2)虽然报刊语料库库容高达20亿字,但由于其来源为厦门本地的三家报纸《厦门商报》、《厦门日报》、《厦门晚报》,且语料偏旧,而多领域语料库(10亿字)的报刊部分语料则来自《人民日报》、《文汇报》、《福建日报》等更为权威的媒体,因此报刊语料库暂不考虑作为权威参考资料。
(1)习近平在二十国集团领导人杭州峰会上的开幕辞中明确提到“我们还将通过支持非洲和最不发达国家工业化、提高能源可及性……”这是国家最高领导人第一次在正式发言中提及“可及性”一词。见http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2016-09/04/c_129268987.htm。
Bowker,L.1998.“Using specialized monolingual nativelanguage corpora as a translation resource:A pilot study”.Meta 43/4.pp.631-651.
Bowker,L.&J.Pearson.2002.Working with Specialized Text:A Practical Guide to Using Corpora.London:Routledge.
Hassani,G.2011.“A Corpus-based evaluation approach to translation improvement”.Meta 56/2.pp.351-373.
Kübler,N.2003.“Corpora and LSP translation”.In F.Zanettin,S.Bernadini&D.Stewart(eds.).Corpora in Translator Education.Manchester:St.Jerome.pp.25-42.
Pearson,J.2003.“Using parallel texts in translator training environment”.In F.Zanettin,S.Bernadini&D.Stewart(eds.).Corpora in Translator Education.Manchester:St.Jerome.pp.15-24.
Varantola,K.2003.“Translators and disposable corpora”.In F.Zanettin,S.Bernadini&D.Stewart(eds.).Corpora in Translator Education.Manchester:St.Jerome.pp.55-70.
Zanettin,F.2002.“DIY corpora:The WWW and the translator”.In B.Maia,J.Haller&M.Ulrych(eds.).Training the Language Services Provider for the New Millennium.Porto:Faculdade de Letras,Universidade do Porto.pp.239-248.
Zanettin,F.2014.Translation-driven Corpora:Corpus Resources for Descriptive and Applied Translation Studies.London&New York:Routledge.
管新潮、陶友兰,2017,《语料库与翻译》,上海:复旦大学出版社。
胡开宝、毛鹏飞,2012,国外语料库翻译学研究述评,《当代语言学》第4期,380-395。
胡开宝,2011,《语料库翻译学概论》,上海:上海交通大学出版社。
李长栓,2009,《非文学翻译》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社。
刘泽权、刘鼎甲,2011,基于语料库的翻译教学与学习者译本评析初探,《中国外语》第5期,48-56。
穆雷、刘康龙,2007,《语料库与译者培养》导读,扎内廷(Zanettin,F)(eds.),《语料库与译者培养》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社。
倪传斌、刘治,2005,语料库数据驱动技术在科技翻译教学中的应用,《中国科技翻译》第4期,22-25。
瞿湘,云翻译的基础-语料库,http://www.sstts.org.cn/news_post.aspx?id=1492&mid=News_XHDT(2015-8-12)。
王峰,2012,信息环境下自主翻译学习的界定、发展与生态位,《外语教学理论与实践》第2期,89-95。
王克非、秦洪武,2011,双语对应语料库的翻译辅助功能探讨,《中国英语教育》第4期,1-7。
王克非,2012,《语料库翻译学探索》,上海:上海交通大学出版社。
武光军,2010,基于语料库的汉译英中的搭配教学,《中国外语》第4期,53-59。
荀恩东、饶高琦、肖晓悦、臧娇娇,2016,大数据背景下BCC语料库的研制,《语料库语言学》第1期,93-118。
荀恩东、饶高琦、谢佳莉、黄志娥,2015,现代汉语词汇历时检索系统的建设与应用,《中文信息学报》第3期,169-176。
中国社会科学院语言研究所词典室,2012,《现代汉语词典》(第6版),北京:商务印书馆。
朱晓敏,2011,基于COCA语料库和CCL语料库的翻译教学探索,《外语教学理论与实践》第1期,32-37。
朱一凡、王金波、杨小虎,2016,语料库与译者培养:探索与展望,《外语教学》第4期,91-95。
(1)见BCC语料库使用帮助页面http://bcc.blcu.edu.cn/help#intro。
(2)虽然报刊语料库库容高达20亿字,但由于其来源为厦门本地的三家报纸《厦门商报》、《厦门日报》、《厦门晚报》,且语料偏旧,而多领域语料库(10亿字)的报刊部分语料则来自《人民日报》、《文汇报》、《福建日报》等更为权威的媒体,因此报刊语料库暂不考虑作为权威参考资料。
(1)习近平在二十国集团领导人杭州峰会上的开幕辞中明确提到“我们还将通过支持非洲和最不发达国家工业化、提高能源可及性……”这是国家最高领导人第一次在正式发言中提及“可及性”一词。见http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2016-09/04/c_129268987.htm。