“卷入”研究与人际意义的流变
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摘要
系统功能语言学认为,卷入主要用于协商成员身份,在语篇语义层与评价系统和协商系统共同实现人际意义。然而,系统功能语言学对人际意义的研究并不平衡。目前,在人际意义的3个系统中,评价系统和协商系统发展比较完善,而卷入系统只有零星的描述,并没有得到很好的发展。本文梳理主要语言学派对卷入的研究,包括互动社会语言学、话语分析和系统功能语言学,这能帮助我们厘清其发展脉络及上世纪80、90年代以后除系统功能语言学外其研究突然中止的原因,以期为将来的研究提供借鉴。
According to Systemic Functional Linguistics(SFL), "involvement system" works in the negotiation of membership, and at the level of discourse-semantics, realizes interpersonal meaning together with appraisal system and negotiation system. However, except for sporadic discussion, involvement system is far from being well-developed compared with appraisal system and negotiation system. This paper conducts a survey of the studies on involvement system by different linguistic schools, such as Interactive Sociolinguistics, Discourse Analysis and SFL. The paper aims to understand the history of involvement system research, and to unravel the reasons why its theoretical study suddenly halted in other fields after the 1980 s and 1990 s except in SFL, and to bring some enlightenment to the future research.
According to Systemic Functional Linguistics(SFL), "involvement system" works in the negotiation of membership, and at the level of discourse-semantics, realizes interpersonal meaning together with appraisal system and negotiation system. However, except for sporadic discussion, involvement system is far from being well-developed compared with appraisal system and negotiation system. This paper conducts a survey of the studies on involvement system by different linguistic schools, such as Interactive Sociolinguistics, Discourse Analysis and SFL. The paper aims to understand the history of involvement system research, and to unravel the reasons why its theoretical study suddenly halted in other fields after the 1980 s and 1990 s except in SFL, and to bring some enlightenment to the future research.
引文
姜望琪.语篇语义学与评价系统[J].外语教学,2009(2).‖Jiang,W.-Q.The Relationship Between the Discourse Semantics and Appraisal System[J].Foreign Language Education,2009(2).
赖良涛白芳.巴赫金的对话理论及其对介入系统的启示[J].江西社会科学,2010(6).‖Lai,L.-T.,Bai,F.Bakhtin's Dialogism and Its Impact on the System of Engagement[J].Jiangxi Social Sciences,2010(6).
李基安.语言与社会---介绍韩礼德关于语言与社会之间功能关系的理论[J].外国语,1985(3).‖Li,J.-A.Language and Society:An Introduction of M.A.K.Halliday's Theory on the Functional Relationship Between Language and Social Structure[J].Journal of Foreign Languages,1985(3).
李战子.功能语法中的人际意义框架的扩展[J].外语研究2001(1).‖Li,Z.-Z.Broadening the Framework of Interpersonal Meaning in Functional Grammar[J].Foreign Languages Research,2001(1).
潘峰李鑫.记者招待会汉英口译中的性别差异:以插入语I think和I believe为例[J].外语学刊,2017(5).‖Pan,F.,Li,X.Gender Differences in Interpreting for Chinese Government Press Conferences:A Case Study of Parenthetical“I Think”and“I Believe”[J].Foreign Language Research,2017(5).
孙铭悦张德禄.评价策略分析框架探索---以英语社论语篇为例[J].外语学刊,2018(2).‖Sun,M.-Y.,Zhang,D.-L.An Analytic Framework for the Strategies of Appraisal:The Case of English Editorials[J].Foreign Language Research,2018(2).
Abrams,D.,Hogg,M.A.Social Identifications:A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes[M].London:Routledge,2006.
Besnier,N.Involvement in Linguistic Practice:An Ethnographic Appraisal[J].Journal of Pragmatics,1994(3-4).
Brown,R.,Gilman,A.The Pronouns of Power and Solidarity[A].In:Sebeok,T.A.(Ed.),Style in Language[C],Cambridge:The MIT Press,1960.
Caffi,C.,Janney,R.W.Toward a Pragmatics of Emotive Communication[J].Journal of Pragmatics,1994(3-4).
Chafe,W.Linguistic Differences Produced by Differences Between Speaking and Writing[A].In:Olson,D.R.,Torrance,N.,Hildyard,A.(Eds.),Literacy,Language,and Learning:The Nature and Consequences of Reading and Writing[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
Chafe,W.Discourse,Consciousness,and Time:The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1994.
Connor-Linton,J.,Amoroso,L.W.Measured Language:Quantitative Studies of Acquisition,Assessment,and Variation[M].Washington:Georgetown University Press,2014.
Duszak,A.Us and Others:An Introduction[A].In:Duszak,A.(Ed.),Us and Others:Social Identities Across Languages,Discourses and Cultures[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2002.
Gumperz,J.J.Discourse Strategies:Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982.
Gumperz,J.J.,Aulakh,G.,Kaltman,H.Thematic Structure and Progression in Discourse[A].In:Gumperz,J.J.(Ed.),Language and Social Identity[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982.
Halliday,M.A.K.Language as Social Semiotic[M].London:Edward Arnold,1978.
Halliday,M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Edward Arnold,1985.
Kuo,S.-H.Involvement vs Detachment:Gender Differences in the Use of Personal Pronouns in Televised Sports in Taiwan[J].Discourse Studies,2003(4).
Levinson,S.C.Contextualizing“Contextualization Cues”[A].In:Eerdmans,S.L.,Prevignano,C.L.,Thibault,P.J.(Eds.),Language and Interaction:Discussions with John J.Gumperz[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2003.
Martin,J.R.English Text:System and Structure[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1992.
Martin.J.R.Analysing Genre:Functional Parameters[A].In:Christie,F.,Martin,J.R.(Eds.),Genre and Institutions:Social Processes in the Workplace and School[C].London:Cassell,1997.
Martin,J.R.,White,P.R.The Language of Evaluation[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2005.
Radi■-Bojani■,B.Fragmentation/Integration and Involvement/Detachment in Chatroom Discourse[J].Skase Journal of Theoretical Linguistics,2006(1).
Tannen,D.Conversational Style:Analyzing Talk among Friends[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1984.
Tannen,D.Relative Focus on Involvement in Oral and Written Discourse[A].In:Olson,D.R.,Torrance,N.,Hildyard,A.(Eds.),Literacy,Language,and Learning:The Nature and Consequences of Reading and Writing[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
Tannen,D.Talking Voices:Repetition,Dialogue,and Imagery in Conversational Discourse[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007.
赖良涛白芳.巴赫金的对话理论及其对介入系统的启示[J].江西社会科学,2010(6).‖Lai,L.-T.,Bai,F.Bakhtin's Dialogism and Its Impact on the System of Engagement[J].Jiangxi Social Sciences,2010(6).
李基安.语言与社会---介绍韩礼德关于语言与社会之间功能关系的理论[J].外国语,1985(3).‖Li,J.-A.Language and Society:An Introduction of M.A.K.Halliday's Theory on the Functional Relationship Between Language and Social Structure[J].Journal of Foreign Languages,1985(3).
李战子.功能语法中的人际意义框架的扩展[J].外语研究2001(1).‖Li,Z.-Z.Broadening the Framework of Interpersonal Meaning in Functional Grammar[J].Foreign Languages Research,2001(1).
潘峰李鑫.记者招待会汉英口译中的性别差异:以插入语I think和I believe为例[J].外语学刊,2017(5).‖Pan,F.,Li,X.Gender Differences in Interpreting for Chinese Government Press Conferences:A Case Study of Parenthetical“I Think”and“I Believe”[J].Foreign Language Research,2017(5).
孙铭悦张德禄.评价策略分析框架探索---以英语社论语篇为例[J].外语学刊,2018(2).‖Sun,M.-Y.,Zhang,D.-L.An Analytic Framework for the Strategies of Appraisal:The Case of English Editorials[J].Foreign Language Research,2018(2).
Abrams,D.,Hogg,M.A.Social Identifications:A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes[M].London:Routledge,2006.
Besnier,N.Involvement in Linguistic Practice:An Ethnographic Appraisal[J].Journal of Pragmatics,1994(3-4).
Brown,R.,Gilman,A.The Pronouns of Power and Solidarity[A].In:Sebeok,T.A.(Ed.),Style in Language[C],Cambridge:The MIT Press,1960.
Caffi,C.,Janney,R.W.Toward a Pragmatics of Emotive Communication[J].Journal of Pragmatics,1994(3-4).
Chafe,W.Linguistic Differences Produced by Differences Between Speaking and Writing[A].In:Olson,D.R.,Torrance,N.,Hildyard,A.(Eds.),Literacy,Language,and Learning:The Nature and Consequences of Reading and Writing[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
Chafe,W.Discourse,Consciousness,and Time:The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1994.
Connor-Linton,J.,Amoroso,L.W.Measured Language:Quantitative Studies of Acquisition,Assessment,and Variation[M].Washington:Georgetown University Press,2014.
Duszak,A.Us and Others:An Introduction[A].In:Duszak,A.(Ed.),Us and Others:Social Identities Across Languages,Discourses and Cultures[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2002.
Gumperz,J.J.Discourse Strategies:Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982.
Gumperz,J.J.,Aulakh,G.,Kaltman,H.Thematic Structure and Progression in Discourse[A].In:Gumperz,J.J.(Ed.),Language and Social Identity[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1982.
Halliday,M.A.K.Language as Social Semiotic[M].London:Edward Arnold,1978.
Halliday,M.A.K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].London:Edward Arnold,1985.
Kuo,S.-H.Involvement vs Detachment:Gender Differences in the Use of Personal Pronouns in Televised Sports in Taiwan[J].Discourse Studies,2003(4).
Levinson,S.C.Contextualizing“Contextualization Cues”[A].In:Eerdmans,S.L.,Prevignano,C.L.,Thibault,P.J.(Eds.),Language and Interaction:Discussions with John J.Gumperz[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2003.
Martin,J.R.English Text:System and Structure[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,1992.
Martin.J.R.Analysing Genre:Functional Parameters[A].In:Christie,F.,Martin,J.R.(Eds.),Genre and Institutions:Social Processes in the Workplace and School[C].London:Cassell,1997.
Martin,J.R.,White,P.R.The Language of Evaluation[M].London:Palgrave Macmillan,2005.
Radi■-Bojani■,B.Fragmentation/Integration and Involvement/Detachment in Chatroom Discourse[J].Skase Journal of Theoretical Linguistics,2006(1).
Tannen,D.Conversational Style:Analyzing Talk among Friends[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1984.
Tannen,D.Relative Focus on Involvement in Oral and Written Discourse[A].In:Olson,D.R.,Torrance,N.,Hildyard,A.(Eds.),Literacy,Language,and Learning:The Nature and Consequences of Reading and Writing[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1985.
Tannen,D.Talking Voices:Repetition,Dialogue,and Imagery in Conversational Discourse[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007.