B_4C/hBN复相陶瓷与球墨铸铁配副摩擦学性能研究
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摘要
本文中以热压烧结法制备不同hBN质量分数(0%、10%、20%和30%)的B4C/hBN复相陶瓷作为销试样,与球墨铸铁(QT)盘试样在空气润滑条件下进行销-盘式摩擦磨损试验,滑动速度为0.66 m/s,磨程为850 m,载荷为5 N.借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察摩擦表面和磨屑的形貌特征,利用X光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段表征磨面和磨屑的物质组成,得出复相陶瓷成分、试验参数对配副摩擦学性能的影响.研究表明:hBN质量分数为0%和10%的复相陶瓷(BN00、BN10)与铸铁配副时,磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,摩擦系数为0.5,h BN质量分数为20%和30%的复相陶瓷(BN20、BN30)与铸铁配副时,陶瓷销表面出现连续的表面膜,该表面膜主要由Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4、B_2O_3、B_4C及h BN等物质组成,摩擦系数降低至0.2;随着载荷的升高,QT-BN00与QT-BN10配副磨损机制仍以黏着磨损为主,摩擦系数与5 N载荷无明显变化,而QT-BN20与QT-BN30配副摩擦系数随载荷上升而升高,当载荷为10 N时,摩擦系数升至0.6.
Boron carbide/boron nitride(B4C/hBN) ceramic composites, prepared by hot-pressing sintering as pin samples, were coupled with ductile iron disks(QT) in air on a pin-on-disk tribometer. The influences of mass fraction(0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) of boron nitride and normal loads(5 N, 7 N, 10 N) on tribological performance of each friction couples were investigated. The morphology features of friction surfaces were observed with scanning electron microscope and the compositions of friction surfaces and worn debris were measured by Energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that, at 5 N load, the friction coefficients of B_4C/hBN ceramic composites with 0% and 10% mass ratio of hBN(BN00, BN10) and QT couples were high up to 0.5.In contrast, when h BN contents reached 20% and 30%(BN20, BN30), the friction coefficient were reduced to 0.2. The tribological mechanism of QT-BN00 couple was mainly adhesive wear and severe plastic deformations was observed on worn QT disk. A continuous surface film was discovered on BN30 worn surface and the main tribological morphologyof the coupled grey cast iron was mild micro-cuttings. With the increasing normal load(7 N, 10 N), the wear mechanism of QT-BN00 and QT-BN10 was adhesive wear with comparable friction coefficients to that at 5 N load. However, as test load increased, the film formed on BN30 worn surface was damaged, resulting in the rise of the friction coefficient. The friction coefficient increased to 0.6 at the load of 10 N, indicating that the addition of h BN had no improvement on lubrication.
Boron carbide/boron nitride(B4C/hBN) ceramic composites, prepared by hot-pressing sintering as pin samples, were coupled with ductile iron disks(QT) in air on a pin-on-disk tribometer. The influences of mass fraction(0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) of boron nitride and normal loads(5 N, 7 N, 10 N) on tribological performance of each friction couples were investigated. The morphology features of friction surfaces were observed with scanning electron microscope and the compositions of friction surfaces and worn debris were measured by Energy dispersive spectrometer,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that, at 5 N load, the friction coefficients of B_4C/hBN ceramic composites with 0% and 10% mass ratio of hBN(BN00, BN10) and QT couples were high up to 0.5.In contrast, when h BN contents reached 20% and 30%(BN20, BN30), the friction coefficient were reduced to 0.2. The tribological mechanism of QT-BN00 couple was mainly adhesive wear and severe plastic deformations was observed on worn QT disk. A continuous surface film was discovered on BN30 worn surface and the main tribological morphologyof the coupled grey cast iron was mild micro-cuttings. With the increasing normal load(7 N, 10 N), the wear mechanism of QT-BN00 and QT-BN10 was adhesive wear with comparable friction coefficients to that at 5 N load. However, as test load increased, the film formed on BN30 worn surface was damaged, resulting in the rise of the friction coefficient. The friction coefficient increased to 0.6 at the load of 10 N, indicating that the addition of h BN had no improvement on lubrication.
引文
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[2]Chen Gang,He Yuehui,Shen Peizhi.Research actualities on materials and processes of engine piston parts and cylinder liner[J]Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy,200914(4):205-212(in Chinese)[陈刚,贺跃辉,沈培智.发动机活塞和缸套材料及其加工工艺研究现状[J].粉末冶金材料科学及工程2009,14(4):205-212].
[3]Grzesik W,Malecka J.Documentation of tool wear progress in the machining of nodular ductile iron with silicon nitride-based ceramic tools[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,60,2011121-124.
[4]Gao Yimin,Fang Liang,Su Junyi.Air and water lubricated sliding wear of Si3N4 against cast irons[J].Journal of Xi`an Jiaotong university,1995,29(2):73-78(in Chinese)[高义民,方亮,苏俊义.Si3N4/铸铁在空气和水润滑下的摩擦学特性[J].西安交通大学学报,1995,29(2):73-78].
[5]Si Songhua,Fang Liang,Zhou Qingde.Lubricated sliding friction and wear of ductile iron against ceramics Al2O3[J].Materials fo Mechanical Engineering,2000,24(4):36-38,46(in Chinese)[斯松华方亮,周庆德.球墨铸铁与Al2O3陶瓷的滑动摩擦磨损[J].机械工程材料,2000,24(4):36-38,46].
[6]Wu Fang,Wang Lingsen,Zhang Jinsheng,et al.Friction and wea properties of self-mated hot-pressed boron carbide pair[J]Tribology,2001,21(3):214-217(in Chinese)[吴芳,王零森,张金生等.碳化硼-碳化硼摩擦副的摩擦磨损特性研究[J].摩擦学学报2001,21(3):214-217].
[7]Yang Guoliang,Lin Wensong,Wang Jieli,et al.Research progress on boron carbide based composite ceramics preparing[J].Materials Review(A),2014,28(2):37-41(in Chinese)[杨国良,林文松,王婕丽,等.碳化硼基复合材料制备研究进展[J].材料导报A:综述篇2014,28(2):37-41].
[8]Wang C R,Xiao H,Shao K W,et al.Densification and mechanica properties of boron carbide with micro-hole array by micro-powde injection molding[J].Ceramics International,40,2014:7915-7921.
[9]Gogotsi Y G,Koval'chenko A M,Kossko I A.Tribochemica interactions of boron carbides against steel[J].Wear,154(1),1992133-140.
[10]Erdemir A,Bindal C,Zuiker C,et al.Tribology of naturally occurring boric acid films on boron carbide[J].Surface Coating Technology,1996,86-87:507-510.
[11]Larsson P,Axen N,Hogmark S.Tribofilm formation on boron carbide in sliding wear[J].Wear,236,1999:73-80.
[12]Xue Qunji,Liu Huiwen.Tribology of ceramicsⅡ.Lubrication o ceramics[J].Tribology,1996,16(2):184-192(in Chinese)[薛群基,刘惠文.陶瓷摩擦学Ⅱ.陶瓷材料的润滑[J].摩擦学学报,199616(2):184-192].
[13]Chen W,Gao Y M,Ju F L.Tribochemical behavior of Si3N4-h BNceramic materials with water lubrication[J].Tribology Letter,372010:229-238.
[14]Saito T,Hosoe T,Honda F.Chemical wear of sintered Si3N4,h BNand Si3N4-h BN composites by water lubrication[J].Wear,2001247:223-230.
[15]Saito T,Imada Y,Honda F.Chemical influence on wear of Si3N4and h BN in water[J].Wear,236,1999:153-158.
[16]Chen Z S,Li H J,Fu Q.G,et al.Tribological behaviors of Si C/h-BNcomposite coating at elevated temperatures[J].Tribology International,2012,56:58-65.
[17]Chen Wei,Gao Yimin,Chen Can.Tribological behavior o Si3N4-h BN ceramic materials against stainless steel under dry friction condition[J].Tribology,2010,30(3):243-249(in Chinese)[陈威,高义民,陈灿.干摩擦条件下Si3N4-h BN复合陶瓷与1Cr18Ni9Ti配副的摩擦学特性研究[J].摩擦学学报,201030(3):243-249].
[18]Wang Meng,Zhu Zhiyun,Feng Yan,et al.Tribological properties o Ni-Cr/h BN self-lubricating composite[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2013,4(6):37-42(in Chinese)[王檬,朱志云,冯艳等.Ni-Cr/h BN自润滑复合材料的摩擦学性能研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2013,4(6):37-42].
[19]Lee C H,Kim C H.Pressureless sintering and related reaction phenomena of Al-2O3-doped B4C[J].Journal of materials science1992,27(23):6335-6340.
[20]Wagner C D,Riggs W M,Davi L E.Handbook of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy[M].Perkin-Elmer Corporation,Physica Electronic Division,Eden Prairle,MN 1979.
[21]Liu Fang,Zhou Kechao,Li Zhiyou.Wear behavior of 11Mo4Cr2V42Cr Mo friction pair[J].Tribology,2011,31(2):124-130(in Chinese)[刘芳,周科朝,李志友.11Mo4Cr2V/42Cr Mo系统摩擦副材料磨损行为的研究[J].摩擦学学报,2011,31(2):124-130].