医学美容整形引发身心冲突的伦理审思
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摘要
当人们不再满足于通过遗传所呈现的"自然"身体,而是试图通过自己的设想来创造一种"应该是"或"就是"的外在身体形象时,则会导致外在客观的身体形象与内在主观的审美需求之间的身心冲突与焦虑。这其中包括美与健康的伦理冲突,外在美与内在美的伦理冲突,自然美与人工美的伦理冲突。医学美容整形技术虽然具有形而下的实际可操作性,但是这种外化在实践过程中还需要形而上的理论层面进行伦理规范与监督。需要在受术者个人、美容整形医务工作人员以及社会三方面的共同努力下,在其实践过程中坚守基本的伦理底线,才能防止身体的极度异化,才能使得美容整形行业能够沿着规范化、系统化和法制化的轨道健康有序地蓬勃发展下去,使得美容整形增强技术的实践应用成为可能。
When people are no longer satisfied with the natural body presented by inheritance, but try to create a "should be" or "is" external body image through their own imagination, it will lead to the physical and psychological conflicts and anxiety between the external body image and the internal aesthetic needs. These include the ethical conflicts between beauty and health, conflicts between external beauty and internal beauty, and conflicts between natural beauty and artificial beauty. Although the enhancement technology of medical cosmetic surgery has practical operability, it still needs ethical norms and supervision in the process of practice. Under the joint efforts of the recipient, the medical staff and the society and follow the basic principle of medical ethics, we can prevent extreme alienation of the body, enable the cosmetic and plastic industry to develop healthily and orderly along the track of standardization, systematization and legalization, so that the application of cosmetic enhancement technology becomes possible.
When people are no longer satisfied with the natural body presented by inheritance, but try to create a "should be" or "is" external body image through their own imagination, it will lead to the physical and psychological conflicts and anxiety between the external body image and the internal aesthetic needs. These include the ethical conflicts between beauty and health, conflicts between external beauty and internal beauty, and conflicts between natural beauty and artificial beauty. Although the enhancement technology of medical cosmetic surgery has practical operability, it still needs ethical norms and supervision in the process of practice. Under the joint efforts of the recipient, the medical staff and the society and follow the basic principle of medical ethics, we can prevent extreme alienation of the body, enable the cosmetic and plastic industry to develop healthily and orderly along the track of standardization, systematization and legalization, so that the application of cosmetic enhancement technology becomes possible.
引文
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[2] 廖述务.身体美学与消费语境[M].上海:上海三联书店,2011.
[3] 柏拉图.文艺对话集[M].朱光潜,译.北京:人民文学出版社,1963:64.
[4] 周丽昀.“伦理的身体”何以可能[J].学术月刊,2013,45(4):23-29.
[5] 刘园园.别让微整形变成“危整形”[N].科技日报,2019-03-09(6).
[6] 希林.文化、技术与社会中的身体[M].李康,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2011:63-67.
[7] 刘倩.身体的边界性与“去边界化”:基于医学人类学的研究和反思[J].医学与哲学,2017,38(11A):35-38.
[8] 尹小玲.消费时代女性身体形象的建构[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2010:73-75.
[9] 唐维兵.新时代下医患共同决策的机遇和挑战[J].医学与哲学,2018,39(2A):17-18.