苏北盆地黄桥地区富CO_2流体对二叠系龙潭组砂岩储层的改造与意义
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摘要
富CO_2流体-砂岩相互作用是砂岩储层次生孔隙的重要形成机制。苏北黄桥地区作为中国重要的CO_2气产区,富CO_2流体对上二叠统龙潭组砂岩储层的改造问题备受关注。为揭示富CO_2流体的作用特征及其对储层的影响,对黄桥地区典型钻井开展了系统的岩心描述和岩矿鉴定,并进行了微区原位观测和相关地球化学分析。结果表明,在靠近CO_2流体活动强烈的断裂带部位(特别是断层上盘),砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物基本溶蚀殆尽,仅存少量交代成因菱铁矿,同时钾长石类碎屑溶蚀非常强烈,并伴随高岭石等矿物沉淀,以及石英次生加大,还发育片钠铝石等指示高浓度CO_2作用的特征矿物,形成与CO_2流体作用相关的特征矿物组合(片钠铝石+高岭石+次生石英+菱铁矿);而在远离断裂的部位,受CO_2流体影响较弱,溶蚀作用也较弱,有较多的次生方解石沉淀,形成了以方解石+菱铁矿为主的自生矿物组合。前者次生孔隙发育,后者则更加致密。据此提出了深源断裂主控下与富CO_2流体作用相关的储层发育模式,为油气勘探和开发提供了新的思路。
The interaction between CO_2-rich fluid and sandstone is the main factor for forming secondary porosity in sandstone reservoirs. As an important CO_2 production area in China, the problem about the sandstone reformation by CO_2-rich fluid in Permian Longtan Formation has attracted much attention. To reveal the interaction feature of the CO_2-rich fluid and its influence on sandstone reservoirs, the authors carried out systematic core description and micro-observation on typical coring wells as well as in-situ observation and major element analysis based on EPMA. The results show that carbonate cements in sandstone near the fracture zone have been almost completely dissolved with some displacement siderite left, especially in the upper wall where the CO_2-rich fluid influx is active. Meanwhile, the dissolution of clastic grains such as K-feldspar is strong, and there are much kaolinite precipitation,quartz secondary enlargement and dawsonite, which indicates effects of high concentration of CO_2. There exists the combination of typical minerals related to the CO_2-rich fluid including dawsonite, kaolinite, secondary quartz and siderite. In the area away from faults where the CO_2-rich fluid has relatively insignificant effects, the dissolution is weak and much calcite and siderite precipitated on the contrary. As for the former, reservoir has better secondary porosity, while for the latter the reservoir is much tighter. On such a basis, the genetic mode related to the interaction between CO_2-rich fluid and sandstone as well as its effects on the objective reser-voir is set up in consideration of the fact that the deep faults play the main role in the sandstone reservoir improving. This viewpoint offers a new view angle for petroleum exploration and development.
The interaction between CO_2-rich fluid and sandstone is the main factor for forming secondary porosity in sandstone reservoirs. As an important CO_2 production area in China, the problem about the sandstone reformation by CO_2-rich fluid in Permian Longtan Formation has attracted much attention. To reveal the interaction feature of the CO_2-rich fluid and its influence on sandstone reservoirs, the authors carried out systematic core description and micro-observation on typical coring wells as well as in-situ observation and major element analysis based on EPMA. The results show that carbonate cements in sandstone near the fracture zone have been almost completely dissolved with some displacement siderite left, especially in the upper wall where the CO_2-rich fluid influx is active. Meanwhile, the dissolution of clastic grains such as K-feldspar is strong, and there are much kaolinite precipitation,quartz secondary enlargement and dawsonite, which indicates effects of high concentration of CO_2. There exists the combination of typical minerals related to the CO_2-rich fluid including dawsonite, kaolinite, secondary quartz and siderite. In the area away from faults where the CO_2-rich fluid has relatively insignificant effects, the dissolution is weak and much calcite and siderite precipitated on the contrary. As for the former, reservoir has better secondary porosity, while for the latter the reservoir is much tighter. On such a basis, the genetic mode related to the interaction between CO_2-rich fluid and sandstone as well as its effects on the objective reser-voir is set up in consideration of the fact that the deep faults play the main role in the sandstone reservoir improving. This viewpoint offers a new view angle for petroleum exploration and development.
引文
[1]杨方之,王金渝,潘庆斌.苏北黄桥地区上第三系富氦天然气成因探讨[J].石油与天然气地质, 1991, 3:340-345.
[2]任以发.黄桥二氧化碳气田成藏特征与进一步勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(5):632-636.
[3]王杰,刘文汇,秦建中,等.苏北盆地黄桥CO2气田成因特征及成藏机制[J].天然气地球科学, 2008, 19(6):826-834.
[4]刘德汉,宫色,刘东鹰,等.江苏句容—黄桥地区有机包裹体形成期次和捕获温度、压力的PVTsim模拟计算[J].岩石学报, 2005, 21(5):1435-1448.
[5]李建青,蒲仁海,武岳,等.江苏黄桥地区龙潭组沉积相与有利储层预测[J].石油实验地质, 2012, 34(4):395-399.
[6]陈顺勇,俞昊,林春明,等.下扬子黄桥地区龙潭组储层流体包裹体特征及油气成藏期研究[J].石油实验地质, 2013, 35(4):389-394.
[7]李伶俐,马伟竣.下扬子黄桥地区二叠系龙潭组致密砂岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].油气藏评价与开发, 2013, 6:10-14.
[8]黄俨然,张枝焕,王安龙,等.黄桥地区深源CO2对二叠系—三叠系油气成藏的影响[J].天然气地球科学, 2012, 23(3):520-525.
[9]俞昊.下扬子黄桥地区龙潭组高CO2油藏成藏模式[J].海洋地质前沿, 2015, 4:21-27.
[10]Shiraki R, Dunn T L. Experimental study on water-rock interactions during CO2flooding in the Tensleep Formation, Wyoming,USA[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2000, 15:265-279.
[11]Liu L, Suto Y, Bignall G, et al. CO2injection to granite and sandstone in experimental rock/hot water systems[J]. Energy Conversion&Management, 2003, 44(9):1399-1410.
[12]Emberley S, Hutcheon I, Shevalier M, et al. Geochemical monitoring of fluid-rock interaction and CO2storage at the Weyburn CO2-injection enhanced oil recovery site, Saskatchewan, Canada[J]. Energy, 2004, 29(9/10):1393-1401.
[13]Xu T, Apps J A, Pruess K. Numerical simulation to study mineral trapping for CO2disposal in deep aquifers[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2004, 19(6):917-936.
[14]Xu T, Apps J A, Pruess K, et al. Mineral sequestration of carbon dioxide in a sandstone-shale system[J]. Chemical Geology, 2005, 217(3/4):295-318.
[15]Zerai B, Saylor B Z, Matisoff G. Computer simulation of CO2trapped through mineral precipitation in the Rose Run Sandstone,Ohio[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2006, 21(2):223-240.
[16]黄汲清.中国大地构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社, 1980.
[17]徐克勤,朱金初,任启江.论中国东南部几个断裂拗陷带中某些铜铁矿床的成因问题[C]//国际交流地质学术论文集第3册.北京:地质出版社, 1989:39.
[18]吴言昌.长江中下游裂谷初探[J].安徽地质科技, 1987,(1):27-34.
[19]曹骏.下扬子地区构造演化及勘探有利区优选[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量, 2013, 33(23):51-52.
[20]刘光祥,金之钧,罗开平,等.下扬子区黄桥、句容地区油源对比研究[J].石油实验地质, 2014, 3:359-364.
[21]李建青,夏在连,史海英,等.下扬子黄桥地区龙潭组流体包裹体特征与油气成藏期次[J].石油实验地质, 2013, 2:195-198.
[22]高玉巧,刘立,曲希玉.片钠铝石的成因及其对CO2天然气运聚的指示意义[J].地球科学进展, 2005, 20(10):1083-1088.
[23]李启津.我国主要水硬铝石型铝土矿床矿物学及其成因[J].冶金工业部地质研究所学报, 1983,(1):13-22.
[24]张向锋,温兆银,吴梅梅,等.片钠铝石的水热合成研究[J].硅酸盐学报, 2003, 31(4):336-340.
[25]曲希玉,刘立,高玉巧,等.砂岩中片钠铝石的特征及其稳定性研究[J].地质论评, 2008, 54(6):837-844.
[26]薛伟伟,谭先锋,李泽民,等.碎屑岩中长石的溶解机制及其对成岩作用的贡献[J].复杂油气藏, 2015, 1:1-6.
[27]陈振林,田建锋,高清材,等.砂岩储层中石英胶结作用的形成机理及评价[C]//2011年信息技术、服务科学与工程管理国际学术会议, 2011.
[28]Hellevang H, Aagaard P, Oelkers E H, et al. Can dawsonite permanently trap CO2?[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2005,39(21):8281-8287.
[29]Ryzhenko B N. Genesis of dawsonite mineralization:Thermodynamic analysis and alternatives[J]. Geochemistry International,2006, 44(8):835-840.
[30]李洁兰,戴塔根,杨柳,等.广西扶绥地区喀斯特型铝土矿矿物学特征及其成因意义[J].矿物岩石, 2015, 35(3):101-109.
[31]Hangx S, Linden A V D, Marcelis F, et al. The effect of CO2on the mechanical properties of the Captain Sandstone:Geological storage of CO2at the Goldeneye field(UK)[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2013, 19(4):609-619.
(1)俞昊,张淮,夏在连,等.下扬子上古生界有利区带评价与目标优选.中石化华东分公司石油勘探开发研究院, 2013.
[2]任以发.黄桥二氧化碳气田成藏特征与进一步勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学, 2005, 16(5):632-636.
[3]王杰,刘文汇,秦建中,等.苏北盆地黄桥CO2气田成因特征及成藏机制[J].天然气地球科学, 2008, 19(6):826-834.
[4]刘德汉,宫色,刘东鹰,等.江苏句容—黄桥地区有机包裹体形成期次和捕获温度、压力的PVTsim模拟计算[J].岩石学报, 2005, 21(5):1435-1448.
[5]李建青,蒲仁海,武岳,等.江苏黄桥地区龙潭组沉积相与有利储层预测[J].石油实验地质, 2012, 34(4):395-399.
[6]陈顺勇,俞昊,林春明,等.下扬子黄桥地区龙潭组储层流体包裹体特征及油气成藏期研究[J].石油实验地质, 2013, 35(4):389-394.
[7]李伶俐,马伟竣.下扬子黄桥地区二叠系龙潭组致密砂岩储层成岩作用与孔隙演化[J].油气藏评价与开发, 2013, 6:10-14.
[8]黄俨然,张枝焕,王安龙,等.黄桥地区深源CO2对二叠系—三叠系油气成藏的影响[J].天然气地球科学, 2012, 23(3):520-525.
[9]俞昊.下扬子黄桥地区龙潭组高CO2油藏成藏模式[J].海洋地质前沿, 2015, 4:21-27.
[10]Shiraki R, Dunn T L. Experimental study on water-rock interactions during CO2flooding in the Tensleep Formation, Wyoming,USA[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2000, 15:265-279.
[11]Liu L, Suto Y, Bignall G, et al. CO2injection to granite and sandstone in experimental rock/hot water systems[J]. Energy Conversion&Management, 2003, 44(9):1399-1410.
[12]Emberley S, Hutcheon I, Shevalier M, et al. Geochemical monitoring of fluid-rock interaction and CO2storage at the Weyburn CO2-injection enhanced oil recovery site, Saskatchewan, Canada[J]. Energy, 2004, 29(9/10):1393-1401.
[13]Xu T, Apps J A, Pruess K. Numerical simulation to study mineral trapping for CO2disposal in deep aquifers[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2004, 19(6):917-936.
[14]Xu T, Apps J A, Pruess K, et al. Mineral sequestration of carbon dioxide in a sandstone-shale system[J]. Chemical Geology, 2005, 217(3/4):295-318.
[15]Zerai B, Saylor B Z, Matisoff G. Computer simulation of CO2trapped through mineral precipitation in the Rose Run Sandstone,Ohio[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2006, 21(2):223-240.
[16]黄汲清.中国大地构造及其演化[M].北京:科学出版社, 1980.
[17]徐克勤,朱金初,任启江.论中国东南部几个断裂拗陷带中某些铜铁矿床的成因问题[C]//国际交流地质学术论文集第3册.北京:地质出版社, 1989:39.
[18]吴言昌.长江中下游裂谷初探[J].安徽地质科技, 1987,(1):27-34.
[19]曹骏.下扬子地区构造演化及勘探有利区优选[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量, 2013, 33(23):51-52.
[20]刘光祥,金之钧,罗开平,等.下扬子区黄桥、句容地区油源对比研究[J].石油实验地质, 2014, 3:359-364.
[21]李建青,夏在连,史海英,等.下扬子黄桥地区龙潭组流体包裹体特征与油气成藏期次[J].石油实验地质, 2013, 2:195-198.
[22]高玉巧,刘立,曲希玉.片钠铝石的成因及其对CO2天然气运聚的指示意义[J].地球科学进展, 2005, 20(10):1083-1088.
[23]李启津.我国主要水硬铝石型铝土矿床矿物学及其成因[J].冶金工业部地质研究所学报, 1983,(1):13-22.
[24]张向锋,温兆银,吴梅梅,等.片钠铝石的水热合成研究[J].硅酸盐学报, 2003, 31(4):336-340.
[25]曲希玉,刘立,高玉巧,等.砂岩中片钠铝石的特征及其稳定性研究[J].地质论评, 2008, 54(6):837-844.
[26]薛伟伟,谭先锋,李泽民,等.碎屑岩中长石的溶解机制及其对成岩作用的贡献[J].复杂油气藏, 2015, 1:1-6.
[27]陈振林,田建锋,高清材,等.砂岩储层中石英胶结作用的形成机理及评价[C]//2011年信息技术、服务科学与工程管理国际学术会议, 2011.
[28]Hellevang H, Aagaard P, Oelkers E H, et al. Can dawsonite permanently trap CO2?[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2005,39(21):8281-8287.
[29]Ryzhenko B N. Genesis of dawsonite mineralization:Thermodynamic analysis and alternatives[J]. Geochemistry International,2006, 44(8):835-840.
[30]李洁兰,戴塔根,杨柳,等.广西扶绥地区喀斯特型铝土矿矿物学特征及其成因意义[J].矿物岩石, 2015, 35(3):101-109.
[31]Hangx S, Linden A V D, Marcelis F, et al. The effect of CO2on the mechanical properties of the Captain Sandstone:Geological storage of CO2at the Goldeneye field(UK)[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2013, 19(4):609-619.
(1)俞昊,张淮,夏在连,等.下扬子上古生界有利区带评价与目标优选.中石化华东分公司石油勘探开发研究院, 2013.