Tuning of activated sludge in winter based on respirogram profiles under standard and site temperatures
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摘要
Respirograms of activated sludge OUR_ x~Tand OUR_x~(20)were measured under site(T) and standard(20°C) temperatures, respectively, and the predicted standard temperature respirogram OUR_( x,cal)~(20)was also calculated using the Arrhenius equation. These respirogram profiles reveal more information than effluent quality. A decrease of OUR_ x ~(20)is a critical alarm signal for the loss of pollutant removal capacity, and a sudden increase of the predicted value OUR_( x,cal)~(20)is an alarm signal for the unrecoverable deterioration of biomass. The sign of OUR_x~(20)–OUR_(x,cal)~(20)can be used for selection of tuning strategies. For example, a negative value of OUR_x~(20)–OUR_( x,cal)~(20)indicates that doubling biomass is difficult,thus strategies such as extending the reaction time with limited available biomass is preferred. The findings in this study elucidated the respiration profile of activated sludge under changes of temperature and can be effectively used for the stable operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants under cold temperatures and seasonal variations.
Respirograms of activated sludge OUR_ x~Tand OUR_x~(20)were measured under site(T) and standard(20°C) temperatures, respectively, and the predicted standard temperature respirogram OUR_( x,cal)~(20)was also calculated using the Arrhenius equation. These respirogram profiles reveal more information than effluent quality. A decrease of OUR_ x ~(20)is a critical alarm signal for the loss of pollutant removal capacity, and a sudden increase of the predicted value OUR_( x,cal)~(20)is an alarm signal for the unrecoverable deterioration of biomass. The sign of OUR_x~(20)–OUR_(x,cal)~(20)can be used for selection of tuning strategies. For example, a negative value of OUR_x~(20)–OUR_( x,cal)~(20)indicates that doubling biomass is difficult,thus strategies such as extending the reaction time with limited available biomass is preferred. The findings in this study elucidated the respiration profile of activated sludge under changes of temperature and can be effectively used for the stable operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants under cold temperatures and seasonal variations.
Respirograms of activated sludge OUR_ x~Tand OUR_x~(20)were measured under site(T) and standard(20°C) temperatures, respectively, and the predicted standard temperature respirogram OUR_( x,cal)~(20)was also calculated using the Arrhenius equation. These respirogram profiles reveal more information than effluent quality. A decrease of OUR_ x ~(20)is a critical alarm signal for the loss of pollutant removal capacity, and a sudden increase of the predicted value OUR_( x,cal)~(20)is an alarm signal for the unrecoverable deterioration of biomass. The sign of OUR_x~(20)–OUR_(x,cal)~(20)can be used for selection of tuning strategies. For example, a negative value of OUR_x~(20)–OUR_( x,cal)~(20)indicates that doubling biomass is difficult,thus strategies such as extending the reaction time with limited available biomass is preferred. The findings in this study elucidated the respiration profile of activated sludge under changes of temperature and can be effectively used for the stable operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants under cold temperatures and seasonal variations.
引文
AFWA,A.,WEF,2005.Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.21 St Ed.American Public Health Association,Washington,DC.
Brdjanovic,D.,Van Loosdrecht,M.C.M.,Hooijmans,C.M.,Alaerts,G.J.,Heijnen,J.J.,1997.Temperature effects on physiology of biological phosphorus removal.J.Environ.Eng.123,144-153.
Capodici,M.,Fabio Corsino,S.,Di Pippo,F.,Di Trapani,D.,Torregrossa,M.,2016.An innovative respirometric method to assess the autotrophic active fraction:Application to an alternate oxic-anoxic MBR pilot plant.Chem.Eng.J.300,367-375.
Chen,M.,Chen,Y.,Dong,S.,Lan,S.,Zhou,H.,Tan,Z.,Li,X.,2018.Mixed nitrifying bacteria culture under different temperature dropping strategies:Nitrification performance,activity,and community.Chemosphere 195,800-809.
Delatolla,R.,Tufenkji,N.,Comeau,Y.,Gadbois,A.,Lamarre,D.,Berk,D.,2009.Kinetic analysis of attached growth nitrification in cold climates.Water Sci.Technol.60,1173-1184.
Delatolla,R.,Tufenkji,N.,Comeau,Y.,Gadbois,A.,Lamarre,D.,Berk,D.,2010.Investigation of laboratory-scale and pilot-scale attached growth ammonia removal kinetics at cold temperature and low influent carbon.Water Qual.Res.J.Can.45,427-436.
Dong,W.,Lu,G.,Yan,L.,Zhang,Z.,Zhang,Y.,2016.Characteristics of pellets with immobilized activated sludge and its performance in increasing nitrification in sequencing batch reactors at low temperatures.J.Environ.Sci.42,202-209.
Friedrich,M.,Takács,I.,Tr?nckner,J.,2015.Physiological adaptation of growth kinetics in activated sludge.Water Res.85,22-30.
Guo,J.,Zhang,L.,Chen,W.,Ma,F.,Liu,H.,Tian,Y.,2013.The regulation and control strategies of a sequencing batch reactor for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification at different temperatures.Bioresour.Technol.133,59-67.
Head,M.A.,Oleszkiewicz,J.A.,2004.Bioaugmentation for nitrification at cold temperatures.Water Res.38,523-530.
Head,M.A.,Oleszkiewicz,J.A.,2005.Bioaugmentation with nitrifying bacteria acclimated to different temperatures.J.Environ.Eng.131,1046-1051.
Hoang,V.,Delatolla,R.,Abujamel,T.,Mottawea,W.,Gadbois,A.,Laflamme,E.,Stintzi,A.,2014a.Nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)biofilm and biomass response to long term exposure to 1°C.Water Res.49,215-224.
Hoang,V.,Delatolla,R.,Laflamme,E.,Gadbois,A.,2014b.An investigation of moving bed biofilm reactor nitrification during long-term exposure to cold temperatures.Water Environ.Res.86,36.
Huang,J.Y.C.,Cheng,M.-D.,Mueller,J.T.,1985.Oxygen uptake rates for determining microbial activity and application.Water Res.19,373-381.
Hwang,J.H.,Oleszkiewicz,J.A.,2007.Effect of cold-temperature shock on nitrification.Water Environ.Res.79,964-968.
Ju,F.,Guo,F.,Ye,L.,Xia,Y.,Zhang,T.,2014.Metagenomic analysis on seasonal microbial variations of activated sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant over 4 years.Environ.Microbiol.Rep.6,80-89.
Li,Z.H.,Ma,Z.-B.,Yu,H.-Q.,2018a.Respiration adaptation of activated sludge under dissolved oxygen and hypochlorite stressed conditions.Bioresour.Technol.248,171-178.
Li,Z.H.,Zhu,Y.M.,Yang,C.J.,Zhang,T.Y.,Yu,H.Q.,2018b.A simple respirogram-based approach for the management of effluent from an activated sludge system.Bioresour.Technol.261,412-419.
Mannucci,A.,Munz,G.,Mori,G.,Lubello,C.,Oleszkiewicz,J.A.,2014.Applicability of the Arrhenius model for ammonia oxidizing bacteria subjected to temperature time gradients.Front.Environ.Sci.Eng.9,988-994.
Pei,L.,Peng,D.,Wei,J.,Wang,B.,Zhang,X.,Yu,L.,2014.Nitrogen removal from an AAO pilot plant with nitrifier bioaugmentation after seasonal deterioration.Desalin.Water Treat.52,5136-5143.
Pei,L.,Wan,Q.,Wang,Z.,Wang,B.,Zhang,X.,Hou,Y.,2015.Effect of long-term bioaugmentation on nitrogen removal and microbial ecology for an A2O pilot-scale plant operated in low SRT.Desalin.Water Treat.55,1567-1574.
Sun,H.,Peng,Y.,Wang,S.,Ma,J.,2015.Achieving nitritation at low temperatures using free ammonia inhibition on Nitrobacter and real-time control in an SBR treating landfill leachate.J.Environ.Sci.30,157-163.
Wanner,O.,Panagiotidis,V.,Clavadetscher,P.,Siegrist,H.,2005.Effect of heat recovery from raw wastewater on nitrification and nitrogen removal in activated sludge plants.Water Res.39,4725-4734.
Wu,G.,Rodgers,M.,Zhan,X.,2008.Nitrification in sequencing batch reactors with and without glucose addition at 11°C.Biochem.Eng.J.40,373-378.
Young,B.,Delatolla,R.,Kennedy,K.,Laflamme,E.,Stintzi,A.,2017.Low temperature MBBR nitrification:Microbiome analysis.Water Res.111,224-233.
Yu,L.,Yang,Y.,Yang,B.,Li,Z.,Zhang,X.,Hou,Y.,Lei,L.,Zhang,D.,2018.Effects of solids retention time on the performance and microbial community structures in membrane bioreactors treating synthetic oil refinery wastewater.Chem.Eng.J.344,462-468.
Zhang,L.,Zhang,S.,Gan,Y.,Peng,Y.,2012.Bio-augmentation to rapid realize partial nitrification of real sewage.Chemosphere88,1097-1102.
Zhang,S.,Wang,Y.,He,W.,Wu,M.,Xing,M.,Yang,J.,Gao,N.,Pan,M.,2014.Impacts of temperature and nitrifying community on nitrification kinetics in a moving-bed biofilm reactor treating polluted raw water.Chem.Eng.J.236,242-250.
Zhang,B.,Zhao,J.,Zuo,J.,Shi,X.,Gong,J.,Ren,H.,2019.Realizing stable operation of anaerobic ammonia oxidation at low temperatures treating low strength synthetic wastewater.J.Environ.Sci.75,193-200.
Brdjanovic,D.,Van Loosdrecht,M.C.M.,Hooijmans,C.M.,Alaerts,G.J.,Heijnen,J.J.,1997.Temperature effects on physiology of biological phosphorus removal.J.Environ.Eng.123,144-153.
Capodici,M.,Fabio Corsino,S.,Di Pippo,F.,Di Trapani,D.,Torregrossa,M.,2016.An innovative respirometric method to assess the autotrophic active fraction:Application to an alternate oxic-anoxic MBR pilot plant.Chem.Eng.J.300,367-375.
Chen,M.,Chen,Y.,Dong,S.,Lan,S.,Zhou,H.,Tan,Z.,Li,X.,2018.Mixed nitrifying bacteria culture under different temperature dropping strategies:Nitrification performance,activity,and community.Chemosphere 195,800-809.
Delatolla,R.,Tufenkji,N.,Comeau,Y.,Gadbois,A.,Lamarre,D.,Berk,D.,2009.Kinetic analysis of attached growth nitrification in cold climates.Water Sci.Technol.60,1173-1184.
Delatolla,R.,Tufenkji,N.,Comeau,Y.,Gadbois,A.,Lamarre,D.,Berk,D.,2010.Investigation of laboratory-scale and pilot-scale attached growth ammonia removal kinetics at cold temperature and low influent carbon.Water Qual.Res.J.Can.45,427-436.
Dong,W.,Lu,G.,Yan,L.,Zhang,Z.,Zhang,Y.,2016.Characteristics of pellets with immobilized activated sludge and its performance in increasing nitrification in sequencing batch reactors at low temperatures.J.Environ.Sci.42,202-209.
Friedrich,M.,Takács,I.,Tr?nckner,J.,2015.Physiological adaptation of growth kinetics in activated sludge.Water Res.85,22-30.
Guo,J.,Zhang,L.,Chen,W.,Ma,F.,Liu,H.,Tian,Y.,2013.The regulation and control strategies of a sequencing batch reactor for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification at different temperatures.Bioresour.Technol.133,59-67.
Head,M.A.,Oleszkiewicz,J.A.,2004.Bioaugmentation for nitrification at cold temperatures.Water Res.38,523-530.
Head,M.A.,Oleszkiewicz,J.A.,2005.Bioaugmentation with nitrifying bacteria acclimated to different temperatures.J.Environ.Eng.131,1046-1051.
Hoang,V.,Delatolla,R.,Abujamel,T.,Mottawea,W.,Gadbois,A.,Laflamme,E.,Stintzi,A.,2014a.Nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)biofilm and biomass response to long term exposure to 1°C.Water Res.49,215-224.
Hoang,V.,Delatolla,R.,Laflamme,E.,Gadbois,A.,2014b.An investigation of moving bed biofilm reactor nitrification during long-term exposure to cold temperatures.Water Environ.Res.86,36.
Huang,J.Y.C.,Cheng,M.-D.,Mueller,J.T.,1985.Oxygen uptake rates for determining microbial activity and application.Water Res.19,373-381.
Hwang,J.H.,Oleszkiewicz,J.A.,2007.Effect of cold-temperature shock on nitrification.Water Environ.Res.79,964-968.
Ju,F.,Guo,F.,Ye,L.,Xia,Y.,Zhang,T.,2014.Metagenomic analysis on seasonal microbial variations of activated sludge from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant over 4 years.Environ.Microbiol.Rep.6,80-89.
Li,Z.H.,Ma,Z.-B.,Yu,H.-Q.,2018a.Respiration adaptation of activated sludge under dissolved oxygen and hypochlorite stressed conditions.Bioresour.Technol.248,171-178.
Li,Z.H.,Zhu,Y.M.,Yang,C.J.,Zhang,T.Y.,Yu,H.Q.,2018b.A simple respirogram-based approach for the management of effluent from an activated sludge system.Bioresour.Technol.261,412-419.
Mannucci,A.,Munz,G.,Mori,G.,Lubello,C.,Oleszkiewicz,J.A.,2014.Applicability of the Arrhenius model for ammonia oxidizing bacteria subjected to temperature time gradients.Front.Environ.Sci.Eng.9,988-994.
Pei,L.,Peng,D.,Wei,J.,Wang,B.,Zhang,X.,Yu,L.,2014.Nitrogen removal from an AAO pilot plant with nitrifier bioaugmentation after seasonal deterioration.Desalin.Water Treat.52,5136-5143.
Pei,L.,Wan,Q.,Wang,Z.,Wang,B.,Zhang,X.,Hou,Y.,2015.Effect of long-term bioaugmentation on nitrogen removal and microbial ecology for an A2O pilot-scale plant operated in low SRT.Desalin.Water Treat.55,1567-1574.
Sun,H.,Peng,Y.,Wang,S.,Ma,J.,2015.Achieving nitritation at low temperatures using free ammonia inhibition on Nitrobacter and real-time control in an SBR treating landfill leachate.J.Environ.Sci.30,157-163.
Wanner,O.,Panagiotidis,V.,Clavadetscher,P.,Siegrist,H.,2005.Effect of heat recovery from raw wastewater on nitrification and nitrogen removal in activated sludge plants.Water Res.39,4725-4734.
Wu,G.,Rodgers,M.,Zhan,X.,2008.Nitrification in sequencing batch reactors with and without glucose addition at 11°C.Biochem.Eng.J.40,373-378.
Young,B.,Delatolla,R.,Kennedy,K.,Laflamme,E.,Stintzi,A.,2017.Low temperature MBBR nitrification:Microbiome analysis.Water Res.111,224-233.
Yu,L.,Yang,Y.,Yang,B.,Li,Z.,Zhang,X.,Hou,Y.,Lei,L.,Zhang,D.,2018.Effects of solids retention time on the performance and microbial community structures in membrane bioreactors treating synthetic oil refinery wastewater.Chem.Eng.J.344,462-468.
Zhang,L.,Zhang,S.,Gan,Y.,Peng,Y.,2012.Bio-augmentation to rapid realize partial nitrification of real sewage.Chemosphere88,1097-1102.
Zhang,S.,Wang,Y.,He,W.,Wu,M.,Xing,M.,Yang,J.,Gao,N.,Pan,M.,2014.Impacts of temperature and nitrifying community on nitrification kinetics in a moving-bed biofilm reactor treating polluted raw water.Chem.Eng.J.236,242-250.
Zhang,B.,Zhao,J.,Zuo,J.,Shi,X.,Gong,J.,Ren,H.,2019.Realizing stable operation of anaerobic ammonia oxidation at low temperatures treating low strength synthetic wastewater.J.Environ.Sci.75,193-200.