早熟鲜食枣新品种‘新郑红9号’的选育
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摘要
‘新郑红9号’是从小白枣自然种群的芽变中选育的早熟鲜食新品种。在新郑地区果实成熟期为8月中旬,生育期为80～85 d。果实卵圆形,平均单果质量5.83 g,最大单果质量14.65 g,可食率97.8%,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)25.8%,可溶性总糖含量21.43%,维生素C含量212 mg·100 g~(-1)。该品种肉质酥脆,汁多,味甜,鲜食口感好,适宜河南省各枣主产区种植。
'Xinzhenghong No.9'is a new early-maturing fresh jujube cultivar selected from the bud variations of the natural population of Xiaobaizao. In 2005, when the jujube germplasm resources were collected in Zhongliu Village, Mengzhuang Town, Xinzheng City, it was found that a young shoot on one Xiaobaizao tree which is about 100-year-old bearing fruits with excellent fresh-consume traits. The mutant shoots were collected for scion in 2005-2010, and comparative experiments were carried out in the experimental garden of Xinzheng Jujube Science Institute. From 2010 to 2018, regional trials were arranged in Xinzheng and Minquan County, Henan Province. After many years of observation, the cloned trees show superior and stable traits. December 2018, the clone were examined by Henan Provincial Forest Cultivar Examination and Approval Committee, and approved as a new cultivar named'Xinzhenghong No. 9'. The cultivar has an open tree shape, and strong vigor. The leaves are lanceolate, yellow-green, with an average leaf length of 7.0 cm and width of 3.2 cm. The amount of flowers is large,the flower buds are oblate, each order has 5-15 flowers. The flower disk is yellow, with plenty honey,blooming in daytime. The fruit is oval, crisp, juicy, sweet, and has a good taste. The average fruit mass is 5.83 g and the maximum fruit mass is 14.65 g. The soluble solids were 25.8%, the soluble total sugar content was 21.43%, the total acid content was 0.35%, the Vc content was 212 mg·100 g~(-1), and the edible rate was 97.8%. In the Xinzheng jujube producing area, germination in mid-April, beginning flowering in late May, full-flowering period in early June, crisp ripening period in early August, mature period in mid-August, and deciduous in late October, the fruit growth period is about 80-85 days.'Xin Zhenghong No. 9'has wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, drought tolerance and salt and alkali resistance. Fresh dates can stored at room temperature for 3-5 days. Suitable for planting in the main jujube producing areas of Henan Province. According to the soil and fertilizer conditions and management level, the intercropping type jujube garden adopts the row spacing of(4-6)m ×(8-12)m, and the dwarf dense planting can choose the row spacing of 2 m×3 m, 1.5 m×4 m or 3 m×4 m. The tree shape of the dwarf dense planting jujube garden is generally selected from the small crown layered shape or the open-center shape, the tree height is controlled at 2.5 to 3 m, and the crown width is 3 to 3.5 m.
'Xinzhenghong No.9'is a new early-maturing fresh jujube cultivar selected from the bud variations of the natural population of Xiaobaizao. In 2005, when the jujube germplasm resources were collected in Zhongliu Village, Mengzhuang Town, Xinzheng City, it was found that a young shoot on one Xiaobaizao tree which is about 100-year-old bearing fruits with excellent fresh-consume traits. The mutant shoots were collected for scion in 2005-2010, and comparative experiments were carried out in the experimental garden of Xinzheng Jujube Science Institute. From 2010 to 2018, regional trials were arranged in Xinzheng and Minquan County, Henan Province. After many years of observation, the cloned trees show superior and stable traits. December 2018, the clone were examined by Henan Provincial Forest Cultivar Examination and Approval Committee, and approved as a new cultivar named'Xinzhenghong No. 9'. The cultivar has an open tree shape, and strong vigor. The leaves are lanceolate, yellow-green, with an average leaf length of 7.0 cm and width of 3.2 cm. The amount of flowers is large,the flower buds are oblate, each order has 5-15 flowers. The flower disk is yellow, with plenty honey,blooming in daytime. The fruit is oval, crisp, juicy, sweet, and has a good taste. The average fruit mass is 5.83 g and the maximum fruit mass is 14.65 g. The soluble solids were 25.8%, the soluble total sugar content was 21.43%, the total acid content was 0.35%, the Vc content was 212 mg·100 g~(-1), and the edible rate was 97.8%. In the Xinzheng jujube producing area, germination in mid-April, beginning flowering in late May, full-flowering period in early June, crisp ripening period in early August, mature period in mid-August, and deciduous in late October, the fruit growth period is about 80-85 days.'Xin Zhenghong No. 9'has wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, drought tolerance and salt and alkali resistance. Fresh dates can stored at room temperature for 3-5 days. Suitable for planting in the main jujube producing areas of Henan Province. According to the soil and fertilizer conditions and management level, the intercropping type jujube garden adopts the row spacing of(4-6)m ×(8-12)m, and the dwarf dense planting can choose the row spacing of 2 m×3 m, 1.5 m×4 m or 3 m×4 m. The tree shape of the dwarf dense planting jujube garden is generally selected from the small crown layered shape or the open-center shape, the tree height is controlled at 2.5 to 3 m, and the crown width is 3 to 3.5 m.
引文
[1]曲泽洲,王永惠.中国果树志枣卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1993:65.QU Zezhou,WANG Yonghui. Jujube Volume of Chinese fruit record[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Press,1993:65.
[2]张琼,周广芳,王中堂,单公华.大果型早熟鲜食枣新品种‘早秋红’[J].果树学报,2018,35(7):901-903.ZHANG Qiong,ZHOU Guangfang,WANG Zhongtang,SHAN Gonghua. A new jujube cultivar‘Zaoqiuhong’[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2018,35(7):901-903.
[2]张琼,周广芳,王中堂,单公华.大果型早熟鲜食枣新品种‘早秋红’[J].果树学报,2018,35(7):901-903.ZHANG Qiong,ZHOU Guangfang,WANG Zhongtang,SHAN Gonghua. A new jujube cultivar‘Zaoqiuhong’[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2018,35(7):901-903.